Conversation about folk crafts, methodological development on the topic. Complex lesson for children of the middle group “Journey to the city of masters Conversation in the middle group dow folk crafts

Tatyana Andreevna Popova

Integrated cycles of classes on familiarization with Russian folk culture

Introduction

We can say with confidence that most of us, unfortunately, are very superficially familiar with folk culture and the past of our people. How did Russian people live? How did they work and how did they relax? What made them happy and what worried them? What customs did they observe? How did you decorate your home?

We consider it necessary to make preschoolers aware that they are carriers of Russian folk culture and to educate them in national traditions.

We have developed integrated cycles of classes to introduce children to the origins of Russian folk culture, united by a common theme.

Wide use of folklore (fairy tales, songs, ditties, proverbs, sayings, etc.). Oral folk art, like nowhere else, reflects the traits of the Russian character and its inherent moral values - ideas about kindness, beauty, truth, fidelity, etc. A special place in such works is occupied by a respectful attitude towards work and admiration for the skill of human hands.

Acquaintance with traditions, folk signs and rituals, ritual holidays. They contain the most subtle observations of people on the characteristic features of the seasons, weather changes, the behavior of birds, insects, plants, beliefs in amulets, etc.

Introduction to Russian folk games and counting rhymes. Russian folk games are one of the genres of oral folk art. They contain information that gives an idea of the daily life of our ancestors, their way of life, work, and worldview. Games were an indispensable element of folk ritual holidays. Games satisfy children's thirst for action. Games provide abundant food for the mind and imagination.

Theatrical activities of children. Children learn to act out familiar songs, nursery rhymes, fables, fairy tales, etc. Finger theater, bibabo theater and costume theater are used. In the process of theatrical activities, children feel more deeply the atmosphere of the past, get acquainted with everyday objects, etc.

Acquaintance with musical folklore. Children learn to listen and sing Russian folk songs, lead round dances with humming, and perform the movements of Russian folk dances.

Introduction to decorative and applied arts. Children will learn the history of the origin of folk crafts. In the process of artistic and creative activity, they learn to perform elements of decorative painting.

Creation in the group of a mini-museum of objects characteristic of Russian folk life. Such mini-museums have a great influence on the formation of a child’s mental qualities - they develop curiosity and cultivate a sense of beauty.

Class notes

September Theme of the series “Whether in the garden or in the vegetable garden”

Lesson 1. Speech development

Subject:“Whether in the garden or in the vegetable garden.”

Program content. Cultivate interest in oral folk art. Introduce children to the nursery rhyme “Our Goat.” Learn to solve descriptive riddles. Consolidate knowledge about vegetables, fruits and berries; their names.

Material. Stick (length 1 m), goat-dragonfly toy, basket, natural vegetables, fruits and berries: carrots, cucumbers, onions, turnips, cabbage, apples, currants; 3 plates, apples for treating children.

Preliminary work. Learning the nursery rhyme “Our goat.” Explanation of words and expressions: “kneaded dough”, “stood the stove”, “told fairy tales”, “fables”, “unheard of”. Selection of visual material. During the walk, learning the Russian folk game “Ogorodnik”, explaining the expressions found in the game “towards the end of the vostra”, “everyone will take by the tuft”.

Russian folk game "Ogorodnik".

Each player calls himself a vegetable. Everyone stands in a circle. One child - a gardener - goes into the middle of the circle and knocks on the ground with a stick.

Children ask the gardener:

- Who's there?

He answers:

- Gardener.

- Why did you come?

- For turnips!

After this, everyone leads a round dance, dances and says:

The turnip is green on top

Thick in the middle

Towards the end of the East,

Hides his tail under himself.

Whoever approaches her

Anyone will take it by the tunic.

The gardener must name which of the guys is a turnip. If he guessed right, the “turnip” runs away from him, and the gardener tries to catch up.

Progress of the lesson

There is a knock on the door. The Dragonfly Goat (toy) comes to visit the children. The goat brings a gift - a basket with berries, fruits and vegetables. At first, the basket is closed, and children cannot see what is in it.

The teacher invites the children to sing a nursery rhyme about a goat:

Our Dragonfly Goat

He was so smart:

He even walked on water

He kneaded the dough too,

He also lit the stove,

And he fed the kids,

I greased the cakes with cottage cheese,

He sang songs and told fairy tales,

Tales,

Unheard of.

The teacher says that Kozlik really liked the song. Then he asks Kozlik what is in his basket. The dragonfly goat invites the children to guess riddles - this way they will find out what is in the basket.

Red maiden

Sitting in prison

And the braid is on the street.

(Carrot)

No windows, no doors,

The room is full of people.

(Cucumber)

I grew up in the garden

My character is smooth:

Wherever I go

I will bring everyone to tears.

(Onion)

Around, but not a month,

Yellow, but not butter,

With a tail, but not a mouse.

(Turnip)

One hundred clothes -

And all without fasteners.

(Cabbage)

Round, rosy,

I'm growing on a branch.

Adults love me

And little children.

(Apple)

A lush bush of black berries -

They taste good!

(Currant)

The teacher takes out the named vegetables, fruits and berries and puts them on the table.

Held didactic game “What grows in the garden and vegetable garden.” The goat asks the children to place vegetables, fruits and berries on three plates: the first plate is berries, the second plate is vegetables, the third plate is fruits. At the end of the game, the teacher and Kozlik ask the children what is growing in the garden. Children name the berries and fruits lying on the first and third plates. Then the teacher asks: “What grows in the garden?” Children name the vegetables lying on the second plate.

As a farewell, Kozlik asks the children to sing the song again. Gives each child an apple and specifies what it is: a vegetable, a fruit, a berry? Says goodbye and leaves.

Lesson 2. Modeling

Subject:“We make vegetables and fruits.”

Program content. Consolidate knowledge of riddles about vegetables and fruits. Develop initiative, independence and creativity. Strengthen the ability to sculpt familiar objects using previously learned techniques. Draw children's attention to the final result of the work.

Material. Basket with natural vegetables and fruits (carrots, cucumbers, onions, turnips, cabbage, apples). Plasticine, modeling board (for each child).

Preliminary work. Making riddles about vegetables and fruits. During the walk, play the Russian folk game “Ogorodnik” (see above).

Progress of the lesson

The teacher reminds the children that in the previous lesson the Dragonfly Goat brought them a lot of vegetables and fruits as a gift. (Showing a basket of vegetables and fruits.)

Invites the children to play game "Guess":“You ask me riddles, and I will try to guess them. In case of difficulty, you guys will help me.”

Children remember familiar riddles.

Red maiden

Sitting in prison

And the braid is on the street.

(Carrot)

No windows, no doors,

The room is full of people.

(Cucumber)

I grew up in the garden

My character is smooth:

Wherever I go

I will bring everyone to tears.

(Onion)

Around, but not a month,

Yellow, but not butter,

With a tail, but not a mouse.

(Turnip)

One hundred clothes -

And all without fasteners.

(Cabbage)

Round, rosy,

I'm growing on a branch.

Adults love me

And little children.

(Apple)

A lush bush of black berries -

They taste good!

(Currant)

The teacher involves children in solving riddles, demonstrates the answers - vegetables and fruits: “This is what a rich harvest of vegetables and fruits has ripened in our gardens and orchards!”

Then he invites the children to fashion any vegetables and fruits they wish.

Encourages children's desire to make different vegetables and fruits on their own.

Draws attention to modeling techniques used by children. Reminds you of the correct techniques for sculpting objects of round, oval, elongated shape.

At the end of the lesson, the teacher reviews the completed work with the children and offers to classify them: arrange vegetables and fruits separately.

Larisa Belyaeva

Target: to form children's understanding of Russian folk crafts (Gzhel, Khokhloma, Gorodets painting, Dymkovo toy).

Integration of educational areas:“Cognition”, “Communication”, “Artistic creativity”, “Music”.

Equipment: laptop, flash drive with a presentation of illustrations of elements of painting of folk crafts (see appendix, souvenirs (items): Gzhel, Khokhloma, with elements of Gorodets and Dymkovo painting.

Preliminary work: conversations about Russian folk crafts, examination of products, illustrations depicting Russian folk crafts, plasticine painting “Let’s decorate the kokoshnik,” modeling with elements of coloring “Oleshek” (based on Dymkovo painting, coloring books on the topic: “Folk crafts.”

Progress of joint activities:

The Russian folk song “Quadrille” is played.

Educator: Guys, who came to visit us? (Show a slide with Matryoshka dolls).

They are very interested in whether you know any folk arts and crafts of Russia? (Of course we do). Look, some unusual box appeared in our group. This Matryoshka sent you a gift!

The teacher opens the Gzhel slide, then the painting elements.

Educator: Who knows what this painting is called? (This is Gzhel painting, in this painting they use only blue, light blue and white). Well done guys, Gzhel is a rich Russian folk craft of ceramics production and a type of Russian folk painting. Until the middle of the 18th century, Gzhel made pottery that was common for that time, let you help me find a gift from Gzhel masters in the box.

One of the children chooses a souvenir with Gzhel painting.

The teacher opens the “Khokhloma” slide.

Educator: Who knows what kind of painting this is? Why do you think so? What colors are used in painting? (This painting is called Khokhloma, one of the types of painted wooden utensils). This painting uses red, green and gold tones on a black background. And it also happens - “golden Khokhloma” is made in the city of Semenov, Nizhny Novgorod region, here the basis of the painting will be a gold background or a gold ornament on a colored background. (Slide “Golden Khokhloma”). Let's see the elements of Khokhloma painting (See next slide). What drawing is the basis of the painting? (Natural, plant-based). Let's find a gift from Khokhloma masters in the box. Find a souvenir spoon.

Who knows what this painting is called, why do you think so? (Children's answers).

Educator: Gorodets painting is distinguished, first of all, by its content. In the paintings, the main impression is given by genre scenes. Let's look at the main elements of painting. What paints do folk craftsmen use, what design? (Children's answers). Who wants to help find a gift from Gorodets craftsmen?

The child comes out and finds a spoon in the box.

Physical exercise “Dymkovo toys”.

We are painted toys,

Vyatka laughter,

Suburban dandies,

Town gossips.

Our hands are like pretzels

Cheeks like apples.

Have known us for a long time

All the people are at the fair.

Children pronounce words and accompany the text with movements.

Educator: What other toys do you think Matryoshka has prepared for us from folk craftsmen? (Slide “Dymkovo toy”). Who knows what this toy is called? (Children's answers). That's right, the Dymkovo toy is a symbol of the Kirov region, emphasizing its rich and ancient history. It is molded from clay, then dried and fired in a kiln. After that, it is painted by hand, each time creating a unique copy. There cannot be two identical toys. Let's look at the elements of Dymkovo painting.

They look at it, discuss it, then the child chooses a Dymkovo toy from the box.

Educator: Did you like Russian folk arts and crafts? What do you remember most? Let's create a mini museum of “Folk Art” in our group.

Publications on the topic:

Every year on May 18, International Museum Day began to be celebrated in more than 150 countries. A museum is a way of preserving and transmitting cultural values.

Abstract of the GCD "Folk artistic crafts - clothing designers" State budgetary preschool educational institution Kindergarten No. 102 of the Kalininsky district of St. Petersburg Joint activities.

Goal: Continue to introduce children to the culture and traditions of the Russian people. Objectives: to consolidate the ability to carry out game actions using speech.

Mini-project “Folk Crafts” Goal: To give children an idea about the cultural heritage of their native land and oral folk art. Objectives: To introduce children to household items.

Purpose of the conversation: Continue to introduce children to the folk crafts of their native land. Cultivate a respectful attitude towards various types of work.

Introduce children to the history of the Dymkovo toy; Show the characteristic features of painting a Dymkovo toy; Learn to identify the elements of the geometric pattern of Dymkovo painting (circles, straight and wavy lines, checkered patterns, pea dots). Develop aesthetic perception, sense of rhythm, color. Foster a love for Russian folk art

People lived in the same village. When it was cold outside and the winter frost froze the ground, the stoves in the houses flooded, smoke enveloped the roofs, so much so that nothing was visible. Just smoke... So they called the village Dymkovo. The adults in that village worked from morning until late evening: they dug the ground, prepared food, herded cattle, and the children joked, played in the meadow, and sang songs. They didn't have toys like you back then. And the adults began to think: how to please the children. They collected clay from the river bank, sculpted various funny figures, fired them in the oven, covered them with chalk diluted in milk, and painted them. For the “whistle” holiday, craftsmen from the Dymkovo settlement sculpted clay whistles in the shape of horses, rams, goats, and ducks. This is how Dymkovo toys appeared. Bright, cheerful, playful, these toys lead us into their own special, fabulously beautiful world.

Dymkovo toy handicraft. Each is the creation of one master. From sculpting to painting, the process is creative and never repeated. There are not and cannot be two identical products. Each toy is unique and one of a kind. Clay for production was traditionally mined in the settlement of Dymkovo, which is on the low-lying bank of the Vyatka River near the city of Kirov. The collected red clay in the settlement used to be chopped with a shovel and mixed with fine river sand - there is a huge river beach nearby. So, after mixing, the clay was turned over many times and moistened with water. In the old days they used to knead it with their feet. Now the craftswoman does not dig clay and does not knead it. The material is prepared by machine in one of the ceramic production facilities. Clay comes to the workshops in finished form - plastic packaging-briquettes of 10 kilograms.

Each toy, from a piece of clay to a finished sculpture, is made by one master. If earlier a craftswoman spent a lot of time preparing clay and whitewashing, now more attention is paid to the process of sculpting and painting a toy. Pieces of clay are separated and rolled into balls. The balls are used to make individual parts of the toy. The Dymkovo toy is different in that it is made not from one piece of clay, but from several. A ball of clay is rolled into a pancake, a cone is made from the pancake - the lady’s skirt is ready. It is hollow inside with walls 4-6 mm thick. The walls of the cone are leveled by turning the workpiece in your hands. Then, moistening with water, attach the sausage handles and the head ball. All made from small pieces of clay. All the main elements of the toy are done first. All joints are smoothed with a damp cloth. It turns out like a single whole. Then they decorate the toy with details - kokoshnik, muff, handbag, dog, braids, hat, etc.

Dry the molded workpiece for 3-5 days, sometimes longer, in air. In the old days, the toy was fired in Russian kilns. Placed directly on firewood or on an iron baking sheet. The clay begins to heat up and soon becomes as if transparent - it glows with an even red color in the fire. At this point, the firing process ended, and the toys slowly cooled in the extinguished oven. Now toys are fired in muffle furnaces at temperatures of more than 1000 degrees. This high temperature gives the clay even greater strength. The ovens are quite large and toys are loaded into them in batches. Again, craftswomen do not have precious time taken away from non-creative processes.

After the oven, the workpiece turns out to be brownish-red. For whitewashing in the old days they used a solution of chalk in milk - they dipped the whole toy. The milk on the surface sours and forms a strong, bright film of casein glue. Whitewashing is a characteristic feature of the Dymkovo toy. Nowadays whitening is done using tempera white, which is applied with a brush. The final part of the process is painting. First, let's talk about the old traditional method of painting: Dry paints were ground with an egg, peroxided kvass or vinegar was added. The color scheme was not rich, only basic tones. Compositions ranging from soot to fuchsin and chromium were used. These paints seemed to give up some of their color to the workpiece and sounded muted. In the 20th century, they used gouache, also diluted on an egg. Now they use bright acrylic paints - they are very durable.

Brushes are used mostly soft, of different sizes. Thin brushes allow the craftswoman to introduce small details into the plot - this is not always good, as it leads to oversaturation of the plot. Pieces of gold leaf or gold leaf - a mixture of zinc and copper - are glued on top of the paint. They shine and, together with bright colors, give a dazzling charm to the Dymkovo toy.

Relevance of the project:

Recently, the topic of patriotic education has been very relevant. Fostering love for the Motherland is one of the basic principles of modern pedagogy. The homeland first appears before the child in images, sounds, colors, and games. All this abundance is contained in folk art, rich and varied in content. In the process of creative activity based on the study of the traditions of the Russian people, children’s understanding of the surrounding reality is enriched, life experience is enriched, speech develops, self-esteem is formed, and skills of positive relationships with other children and the teacher.

Problem:

In a group during a lesson on speech development, we read a fairy tale "Golden Spindle" . While talking through a fairy tale, the teacher told the children about how they used to sew clothes using a spinning wheel and a spindle, that our grandmothers did this in the old days, that before everything was completely different. The children had many questions: "What is a spindle" ? “How did our grandparents live before?” “What is old man?” It is these questions that created the problem that we will try to solve.

Type of project: educational, creative.

Project implementation period: month

Project participants: parents, grandparents and children of secondary group No. 4, teachers

Educational area: cognitive development

Integration of educational areas: artistic and aesthetic development, social and communicative development, speech development.

Project goal: Introducing children to national culture, developing interest in Russian folk art.

Project objectives:

Educational: To introduce folk traditions, folk art, customs; to give an idea of the structure of the Russian hut, of folk crafts, and of folklore.
Developmental: Development of aesthetic and moral perception of the world.
Educational: To cultivate interest in history and folk art, respect for its traditions.

Expected Result

Introduce children to "Russian hut" , with objects of ancient Russian life;
Continue to introduce children to Russian folk games, develop the ability to play them, introduce them to folk proverbs and sayings;
Expand your understanding of folk art;
To form a concept of the genre of Russian folk art "fairy tale" .
Cultivate an interest in folklore, learn children's ditties and nursery rhymes.
Organize, together with parents, in a group an exhibition - a museum of objects of folk life and culture
At the end of the project, have fun and get-togethers with parents "At the samovar"

Organization of the project.

Stage 1 (preparatory):

Defining a theme (project problems);

Arouse the interest of children and parents in the topic of the project;

Drawing up a project plan;

Discussion of the project with parents;

Collection of information, literature, additional material.

Goal: to arouse children’s interest in the topic of the project.

Tasks for further work:

Introduce children to the device "Russian hut"
Introduces the variety of household items, their names and meanings.
To consolidate knowledge about Russian folk costume.
Expand your vocabulary: hut, upper room, grip, tub, rug, spindle, spinning wheel, rug, towel, samovar.
Develop knowledge about Russian folklore: ditties, nursery rhymes
Learn about family traditions and the values of grandparents.
Creation of a mini-museum "Old Men"
stage:

Literature Study (list of references attached)

Collection, analysis and systematization of information:

Survey of children: “What do I know about my grandparents/great-grandparents?” ;
Parent consultation on the topic: ;
Defining the topic, goals, objectives, project content, predicting the result;
Discussion with parents of the project, clarification of the possibilities, funds necessary for the implementation of the project, determination of the content of the activities of all project participants.
Preparation of methodological material.

Distribution of roles between participants:

Parents and grandparents learned ditties, songs and chants with their children, participated in the creation of a mini-museum, and took part in a master class "Visiting grandmother" , participated in gatherings "At the samovar"
Children are active participants in the project.
Educators are the authors of the project, organizers of educational activities with children.

Drawing up a detailed plan.

Organization of the development environment:

Making a card index of proverbs, riddles, poems, songs, round dance games
A selection of fiction on the topic of the project,
Photo album design "Russian hut" ,
Exhibition of works , "Matryoshka"
A collection of rolls made from salt dough by children
Creation of educational games "What's Hidden in the Chest" . "Family"
Creation of a mini-museum "Old Men"

Stage 3 (basic):

Work with children:

Implementation of main activities.

Game activity:

Construction games "Russian hut"
Dramatization game based on a Russian folk tale "Turnip" .
Role-playing games "Family" , "We're going to visit grandma"
Didactic games “Who needs what for work” , "What's Hidden in the Chest"

Cognitive activity:

Survey of children "What do I know about my family" - cognitive activity

Goal: Find out what children know about their geological tree.

Reading fiction on the topic: fairy tales "Sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka" , "Golden Spindle"
Introduction to the work of a carpenter
Listening to Russian nursery rhymes, chants, folk songs
Learning round dance games

Communication activities:

Conversation “What a Russian peasant’s hut looks like”
Visit to the mini-museum "Old Men" . Conversation.
Creating an Album "Russian hut" .
Conversation on the topic "Russian folk toy" .
Learning poems and songs of Russian folk themes.
Finger games and exercises "Turnip" , "Family" ,
Reading fiction, looking at illustrations. "Swan geese"

Productive activities:

Application "Russian patterns on a sundress"
Application "Russian patterns on a matryoshka"
Construction "Furniture for the Three Bears"
Modeling from plasticine "Matryoshka"
Modeling from plasticine "Bowls for the Three Bears"
Salt dough modeling "Kulichiki"
Drawing "Slavic patterns on a shirt"
Drawing "Patterns on household items"

Musical activities:

Musical development. Learning a song “There was a birch tree in the field”
Tea party: "At the samovar"
Round dance games "Weave the fence" , "Stream"
Learning ditties

Working with parents:

Consultation: “Raising children in the traditions of folk culture”

Goal: to introduce children to Russian folk culture.

Creation of a mini-museum "Old Men"

Joint activities between parents and children

Conversations with children about your family and relatives. Stories about your childhood and the professions of your grandparents.

Workshop for parents: "Visiting grandmother" (making Easter cakes from salt dough)

Learning nursery rhymes, ditties, proverbs and sayings on Russian folk themes

Educator - parents

1. Conversation: "Family traditions"

Goal: to find out what traditions existed in the families of grandparents of preschool children.

2. Participation in tea drinking.

3. Creation of a mini-museum "Old Men"

Joint activities between parents and children:

1. Holiday tea party "At the samovar"

Russian folk games for parents and children
Round dances for parents and children
Awarding parents with memorial certificates for their participation in the life of the kindergarten

2. Analysis of the results obtained

Result of the work:

Creation of a mini-museum "Old Men"
Organization of an exhibition of works "Matryoshka" , "Slavic patterns"
Album art "Russian hut"
Album art "Russian folk toy"
Carrying out musical entertainment tea party "At the samovar"

Analysis of the achievement of goals and results obtained.

Thanks to the joint work of educators, children and parents on the project, we obtained the following results:

Children have formed an image of the life of their great-grandparents, great-grandparents, and their values are shown.
Children's ideas about their great-grandparents and great-grandfathers are expanded (their pedigree, where and by whom they worked, etc.), about the life of grandparents (where they live, who they are from, etc.)
Expanded knowledge about household items
Expanded knowledge about the device "Russian hut"
Knowledge of folk costume has been expanded.
The idea of Russian folklore has been expanded.
A developmental environment has been created: didactic games have been selected, material has been prepared for role-playing games, illustrated and photo albums have been created. Selected information for parents (consultations on the topic, moving folders, questionnaires, etc.)
Selected fiction on the topic "Russian folk culture" .
Musical accompaniment on the topic "Russian folk culture" .
Joint events were held.
Parents are involved in joint activities with the child in family and kindergarten settings.

We believe that the problem has been solved, the goal and objectives of the project have been achieved. In the future, we plan to continue working with children on the topic of Russian folk culture.