X International Christmas Festival “The Art of Good. Spanish Christmas and New Year traditions Medieval market and “Living Pictures of Bethlehem”

Moscow International House of Music (Kosmodamianskaya embankment, 52)

Christmas in flamenco style. Flamenco group "Esencia" (Malaga)

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Christmas in flamenco style. Group "Esencia" (Malaga)

As part of the III International Christmas Festival "Spanish Christmas in Russia"

CHRISTMAS IN FLAMENCO STYLE

Flamenco group "Esencia" (Malaga) and their show SAMBOMBA

The program includes villancicos flamenco and popular melodies of Andalusia.

The flamenco group "Esencia" has brought together some of the best flamenco artists today. At every performance, "Esencia" strives to touch the most delicate strings of the human soul through a language they call "flamenco". An exclusive flamenco show featuring guitar (Sergio Cecuti), drums (Francisco Sánchez), singing (Rosa Linero) and dancing (Rocío Santiago and Rocío Romero) will not leave any listener indifferent to the performance of the incendiary group. The Esencia repertoire covers all varieties of flamenco from the classic solea and tientos to the modern and vibrant tangos and bulerias.
Strict adherence to established traditions of tact and, at the same time, the virtuoso ability of each artist to bring something new turned the group’s performances into an unforgettable show. The young musicians have solid experience of performing in their homeland, Spain and abroad.

For all fans of fiery Spanish music, a new festive Christmas concert in flamenco style will be an incredible surprise. The guitar parts accompanying one of the most beautiful national dances of Spain allow you to feel the unique flavor of the culture of this country. Two talented Spanish musicians - Pau Figueres and Juan de la Rubia - will perform before the guests of the program. Today the name of Pau Figueres is known throughout the world. This talented young guitarist has an amazing technique. It mixes elements of traditional guitar playing with modern sounds.

Excellent ownership different styles, he prefers the flamenco direction. His duet partner in this concert will be the famous Spanish organist Juan de la Rubia. Today he is the winner of the Primer Palau prize, awarded by the Catalan Palace. Fans of his work note his mastery of the art of improvisation. Not long ago, the organist performed the complete works of Johann Sebastian Bach. The evening program will feature vibrant Spanish compositions. To make a musical trip to Spain, you must definitely buy tickets for the Christmas flamenco concert.

The festival, organized by the Art of Good charity foundation, is aimed at introducing listeners to the treasury of world musical culture, preserving family traditions and maintaining intercultural dialogue in modern society. Spectators will enjoy festive concerts of organ, instrumental and vocal music. From monumental classics to folk, from crossovers to covers of popular Christmas carols, as well as two world premieres. All proceeds from the concerts will go to charity.

The winter festival will traditionally be held in the Moscow Cathedral on Malaya Gruzinskaya Street, where one of the largest organs in our country is installed - a Swiss wind instrument from Kuhn. The concerts also feature a unique Allen organ.

Leading performers from Russia, Spain, Norway, France, Sweden and Switzerland will perform as part of the tenth anniversary Christmas festival “The Art of Good”. Muscovites and guests of the capital can expect two bright premieres and performances by star performers, including: Honored Artist of Russia Viktor Zinchuk (guitar), winner of the “Performer of the Year” award (presented by the King of Sweden, His Majesty Carl XVI Gustaf) Gunnar Idenstam, titular organist of the Sagrada Familia Basilica in Barcelona Juan de la Rubia, laureate of international competitions Lisa Stoll (Alpine Horn, Switzerland), laureate of the XIV International Competition. Tchaikovsky Alexey Chernov (piano), etc.

The festival is supported by the Embassy of the Kingdom of Spain in the Russian Federation, the Embassy of Switzerland in Russia, the Embassy of Sweden in the Russian Federation, the Embassy of the Kingdom of Norway in Moscow, the Cervantes Institute in Moscow, as well as the Scandinavian Nordic School and the Antik Hotel (Moscow).

In a programme:

December 30 – traditional Christmas gala concert “Musical Dynasties about Christmas”
Outstanding performers will perform together with their children.

December 31 - New Year's Eve in the Cathedral on Malaya Gruzinskaya Street
Gunnar Idenstam (organ, Sweden): On the last evening of 2017, the only organist from Northern Europe to win the prestigious international improvisation competition Grand Prix de Chartres will perform at the cathedral. Idenstam is a recipient of the Royal Medal “Litteris et Artibus” and a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music.

January 2 – afternoon concert for the whole family – fairy tale “Twelve Months”
Organ, choir and theatrical action. Concert based on the work of S. Marshak. The children's choir "Melody" and students from the children's organ class will perform music school named after S.M. Maikapara.

January 3 – Christmas in flamenco style
Performers: Juan de la Rubia (titular organist of the Sagrada Familia Basilica in Barcelona) and Pau Figueres (guitar, Spain).

January 5th – Scandinavian Christmas
Saxophone and organ: Ola Rokkones (saxophone, Norway) and Oslo Ris Church Cantor Terje Bägerød (organ, Norway).

January 6 – Melodies of the Alpine mountains
Alpine horn and organ: Lisa Stoll (alpine horn) and Esther Bollinger (organ).

January 7 — S. Rachmaninov’s Third Piano Concerto, arranged for organ and piano
Also performed: music by P. Tchaikovsky, popular Christmas and New Year melodies of the early 20th century.

January 13 — Victor Zinchuk “Christmas concert on the eve of the Old New Year”
An unusual concert for guitar and organ will present holiday classical music in a new sound.

January 14 — premiere of the JazzAntique project
Closing ceremony of the Christmas Festival.

With a detailed program and additional information can be consulted .

Spanish New Year's traditions are not limited to feverishly swallowing 12 grapes at the last minute of the Old Year. There are many more of them and they are more diverse. Suffice it to say that at the end of December - beginning of January, Spain celebrates three events at once: Christmas, the onset of the New Year and the Day of Adoration of the Magi. Moreover, the “old night” (nochebuena) from 12/31 to 1/01, when the notorious grapes are eaten, is only an intermediate station on the long journey from the Christmas “night of good news” (nochebuena) to the day of worship of the Magi (Reyes Magos). Article “20 DIFFERENT WAYS TO CELEBRATE CHRISTMAS IN SPAIN”(20 maneras diferentes de celebrar la Navidad en España), posted on the portal of the Spanish magazine “Ola” (Hello!) – is just about this. Original text on Spanish written by E. Sancho. Below is a translation of this very informative Christmas “study”.

The variety of New Year's traditions different nations explained by the fact that the relatively young Christian holiday Christmas, or the birthday of the baby Jesus, absorbed the ancient pagan rituals performed on the occasion of the winter solstice. People celebrated the “rebirth” of the Sun, the ruler of all things on earth, and the victory of light over darkness back in Old Testament times. That is why, even in our time of general disbelief, the Christmas cycle remains the most colorful and popular winter festival, not only for parishioners.
Spain provides excellent examples of the vitality of a wide variety of pagan cults and their penetration into modern culture. After all, once upon a time such dissimilar peoples lived on the Iberian Peninsula: Iberians, Celts, Phoenicians, Greeks, Jews, Romans, Visigoths, Moors... Traces of their presence still live in the Christmas traditions of Spain.

1. Bundles of iron cans rattle along the pavement, calling to the Magi (Reyes Magos).

ALGECIRAS(Algeciras), province CADIZ(Cadiz), ANDALUSIA
On the eve of the Day of the Magi, children collect iron cans and string them on a rope. So extraordinary " musical instrument"should be ready by morning 5 January which is solemnly called "Day of Carrying Cans"(día del arrastre de latas). Bundles of iron cans rattle along the pavement in the central part of the city. A terrible cacophony fills the surrounding area. According to local beliefs, the “metal concert” is supposed to attract the attention of the Magi and remind them of the children living in the city who are eager to receive legitimate gifts. They say that such a strange custom appeared because of an evil giant who settled on the neighboring Botafuegos Mountain. He amuses himself by releasing a huge gray cloud into the sky on the eve of the Day of the Magi, enveloping the city. In the growing darkness, the envoys of the East cannot see the houses where the children live. The terrible noise made by the bundles of iron cans frightens the evil neighbor, and he forgets about his bad intentions. The desire to receive gifts awakened ingenuity and helped the children defeat the terrible giant.

2. The year begins with a sea bath.

ALMUNECAR(Almuñecar), province GRANADA(Granada) ANDALUSIA
It is believed that this tradition was brought to local residents by tourists from Scandinavia. It was from there that the first “walruses” arrived. It doesn’t matter who started it, but now the New Year’s “dip” into the cool water of the Mediterranean Sea has become commonplace for heat-loving residents of the Tropical Coast (Costa Tropical).
However, more familiar holiday entertainment has not been forgotten. On the streets of a pretty seaside town, Pasacalia is played by a local orchestra, theatrical scenes are played out, clowns, fire swallowers and other life-threatening long objects, and acrobats perform. Movement, bright colors, and music delight not only children. Adults join in the general fun with no less pleasure.
Special classes in drawing, dancing and modeling are organized for children. The holidays end on January 5 on the magical night of the Magi, when a solemn and colorful procession passes through the city, welcoming the envoys of the East.

3. Christmas carols (villancicos) in flamenco rhythm.

ANTEQUERA(Antequera), province MALAGA(Malaga) ANDALUSIA
"Christmas in Flamenco Style", along with the Juan Casillas Flamenco competition and the "Noche Flamenca de Santa María" concert, is one of the three most important cultural events of the year in this ancient Andalusian a city located near Malaga.
The tradition of pre-New Year performances by flamenco artists appeared relatively recently, but immediately attracted increased attention not only from the local public. At first the artists performed in the Church of Santa Maria la Mayor (la Real Colegiata de Santa María la Mayor), but very soon they moved to the more spacious temple of San Juan de Dios (Iglesia de San Juan de Dios). Singers and dancers delight the audience with simple but heartfelt Christmas songs (villancicos). The truth is that in their unusual performance, traditional hymns in honor of Mary and the child Christ sound very unusual. Visitors to the concerts will be in for a pleasant surprise - before the concerts there will be a tasting of anise liqueur, pacharan, dessert wine and local pastries. It is clear why a very relaxed atmosphere reigns in the hall throughout the evening.

4. Medieval market and “Living Pictures of Bethlehem”.

ARCHENA(Archena) province and region MURCIA(Murcia).
Every Christmas, the imposing streets of Archena's center are transformed into a stage for a historical spectacle called the Medieval Market. Thousands of people come here to walk through the city as if by magic magic wand, thrown back 500 years. At 50 “sales points” they sell clay jugs, baskets, wine tails, herbal mixtures, love potions and other “medieval” delicacies. Visitors are entertained by clowns, sword swallowers, witches and fortune tellers. The picture of the past is complemented by taverns, where whole meat carcasses are fried before your eyes, and there are no tablecloths or forks on the tables. Children will certainly be interested in the demonstration of eagle hunting.
In addition, recently the local choir group “Aires Andaluces de Archena”, uniting about 100 people (mostly women and children), brought Bethlehem to life in the era of Jesus Christ. Scenes from the life of the biblical city are recreated in Villarías Park (parque de Villarías).

5 . Arrival of Olentzero

BALMACEDA(Balmaseda), province BISCAYA(Vizcaya) BASQUE COUNTRY.
In addition to the traditional Magi (Reyes Magos), there is another messenger in the Basque Country called Olentzero. A cheerful and good-natured drinker, he lives in the mountains where he mines coal in a mine. By a strange coincidence, Olentzero is the first to learn about the birth of the infant Christ, and on the night of December 24, he hurries to spread the good news around the world. His appearance is especially vivid in the small town of Balmaceda, where local residents give Olentzero a truly royal reception. He is greeted no less magnificently than the Magi in other parts of Spain. On Christmas night, gifts are lowered into houses through chimneys for children to find in the morning. Olentzero himself, just like Santa Claus, wanders around different areas of the city all day and wishes Merry Christmas to children in kindergartens and schools.
Among the residents of Balmaceda there are especially many mountaineering enthusiasts. Therefore, not so long ago, a special tradition appeared in the town - to organize a New Year's ascent to the nearby Mount Kolitza on January 1. This peak is the symbol of Balmaceda. On it, climbers celebrate the New Year with stew and txakolí, and a festive mass is celebrated in the chapel.

6. Roman baths in a Christmas atmosphere.

CALDES de MONTBOUI(Caldes de Montbui), province BARCELONA(Barcelona), CATALONIA
Caldes de Montbui, a town founded by the Romans and located 30 km from Barcelona, ​​is famous for its Christmas market, where approximately 130 stalls appear each year. It is very lively here both during the day and in the evening. The town itself is very cozy and pretty, and it is also surrounded by magnificent nature. It would be worth coming here just for this reason. But Caldes de Montbui has another, very special attraction - natural thermal springs right in the center of the city. The water temperature in the fountains reaches 75ºC.
The Christmas market opens on December 3rd and 4th. Here you can buy a wide variety of things and products made by the hands of local artisans, and at the same time take craftsmanship lessons from barrel makers, basket makers, blacksmiths and carpenters. On Sundays at 17.30 residents sing New Year's songs.

7. More than 20 “Bethlehems” created by the hands of skilled craftsmen.

CALONGE(Calonge) province GIRONA(Girona), CATALONIA
For more than 10 years, “Living Pictures of Bethlehem” have been organized in Calonge. More than 200 artists are involved in the grandiose pantomime performance. The stories of the New Testament come from the pages of the Bible, and viewers see with their own eyes such pictures as: “The Annunciation of Mary”, “The Birth of the Baby Jesus”, “The Adoration of the Magi”, etc.
In the nearby town of Sant Antoni de Calonge, from December 22 until the end of January, there is an exhibition showing 20 different Bethlehems (installations reproducing the scene of the Birth of the Son of God). In Catalonia they are called "pesebres". Those exhibited in Sant'Antoni de Calonge are true works of art. Craftsmen spend at least 2 months making such “Pessebres”.

8. Traditional “Dances in honor of the Child” (Bailes del Niño)

CAUDETE(Caudete), province ALBACETE(Albacete), CASTILLE-LA MANCHA
This unusual Christmas ritual is organized by the Confraternity of the Good Name of Jesus (Cofradía del Dulce Nombre de Jesús). It was founded in 1576 with the aim of spreading Christian Christmas traditions in Caudet. The fact is that until the end of the 16th century, the influence of Islam was very strong in the town, which led to frequent riots. The danger posed by the religion of the vanquished forced the church authorities to use the most different ways to introduce new correct traditions into the mass consciousness.
Currently, the main ceremonies are performed by members of the fraternity on December 25, January 6 and the first Sunday in January. On these dates, dances are held for the “Children's Kingdom” (“Reinado infantil”), and then for the “Adult Kingdom” (“Reinados adultos”) on the Church Square (Plaza de la Iglesia). The orchestra always plays the same pieces: “Tari-tai-tero”, “Tri Jota”, “Los Igos”, Malagueña and Seguedilla La Mancha. The movements of the performers are very reminiscent of the steps of Valencian folk dances. From the square, the celebration smoothly moves into the halls of the local Compars Association (la Asociación de Comparsas), where the fun continues.
On January 1, a procession with the image of the Infant Jesus (18th century) takes place along Caudeta. At other times of the year it is kept in the Church of St. Catalina (Sta. Catalina).

9. Procession in search of the Virgin.

ELCHE(Elche), province ALICANTE(Alicante) COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA
The holiday in honor of the finding of the Virgin, which is considered the prologue of the famous Mystery, and it is much more popular than Christmas, which coincides with the timing.
The origin of the holiday is directly related to the legend of a huge chest found on December 29, 1370. He was discovered on Tamarit Beach by coastguard Francesc Cantó. On the lid was the inscription “Soc per a Elig” - translated as “delivery address” Elche. Inside lay the Virgin of the Assumption. Some sources claim that in addition to it, the chest also contained the script and notes of the famous Mystery. The first written mentions of the holiday of the “Arrival of the Virgin” date back to the 18th century. Nowadays, the main events of the holiday are: the “historical reconstruction” of the discovery of the chest with the Virgin on Tamarit Beach (December 28) and the solemn procession through the city streets (December 29). The Virgin is accompanied by a group of children dressed in angel costumes.

10. Living act of faith

GALISTEO(Galisteo), province CACERES(Cáceres), ESTREMADURA
Every year for the past 300 years, residents of the town of Galisteo, in the province of Caceres (Extremadura), have celebrated Christmas in a very special way. The celebration is organized by an ancient brotherhood (cofradia), formed in 1662. Since then, every year on Christmas night its members perform an Act of Faith (Auto Sacramental). Amateur actors perform only one “play” from the rich “repertoire” of the brotherhood. Preparations for the performance begin on the first Sunday in November. The manager (Majordomo) chooses a theme and rehearsals begin in his house. At about 10 o'clock in the evening, on Christmas Eve, the assistant steward comes out and beats the drum, calling the members of the cofradia to the Mayordomo's house, where the cradle with the Christ Child is located in a special place. The brothers approach her and bow to the symbol of the deity. Having completed the ritual, they, led by the Steward, set off to collect Christmas alms. Along the way, members of the cofradia sing traditional Christmas carols (“villancicos”). On December 25, after the solemn mass, Mayordomo treats the brothers and actors to lunch. At this very time, dressed in a jester costume, Carantolla (la Carantolla), personifying King Herod, “scares” children and adults on the street. The celebration ends with the performance of the “Sacred Act”, which begins at 3 pm.

11. Flamenco accompanied by sambomba* (zambomba).

SHERRY(Jerez), province CADIZ(Cadiz), ANDALUSIA
On the eve of Christmas, Jerez literally blooms, both literally and figuratively. The festive season opens with the New Year's illumination, illuminating the city at night with bright multi-colored lights. But they are not the only ones that bring joy to the big and small residents of Jerez. IN holiday program: Christmas market, Villancicos competition, Cotillion festival, large procession of the Magi.
But the most important feature of Christmas in Jerez is the special tradition of singing hymns in honor of the Virgin Mary and the Child Christ, accompanied by an ancient noise instrument - the sambomba*. Impromptu concerts are organized by associations of fans of this instrument, musical groups and simply groups of friends and relatives. To the accompaniment strange sounds, produced by an ancient membraphone, clearly of African origin, amateur and professional artists sing Christmas songs in flamenco rhythms.

*Sambomba(zambomba) is an open container (often a clay pot) covered with a membrane (paper or fabric). A long bamboo rod is inserted into the center of the membrane. The performer extracts sounds from the instrument by moving his hand along the rod (approx.).

12. Arrival of Zangarrón with the trident

MONTAMARTA(Montamarta), province ZAMORA(Zamora) CASTILLE y LEON
On New Year's Day, a strange character named Sangarrón appears on the streets of this typical Castilian town. Fun is especially awaited by those who have reached conscription age (kintos), as well as single boys and unmarried girls of all ages. From among those who would previously have joined the army, two are chosen. It is these guys who will get the tasty role of Sangarron. One will have to chase young women on New Year's Day, and the other on the day of Epiphany (January 6).
On each of these days, Singarrón comes to life at 6 am. The first thing you need to do is dress him, and the suit of towels and blankets is “sewn” right to the living. Then a wide blouse is put on a tightly fitted corset. bright colors. The look is completed by a black mask covering the face. Bells and a trident are hung on the belt. At about 9 o’clock the “revival” procedure is completed and Singarron is ready for his exit. At first, he only collects “New Year’s alms.” After the mass, Singarron enters the temple, makes three respectful bows, and then pierces two loaves of bread that lie on the altar with a trident. Having completed his mission, the strange parishioner leaves “like wine,” that is, he moves backwards towards the exit. When leaving the temple, he should under no circumstances turn his back to the altar.
At the end of the ritual in the church, Singarron proceeds to action. Now he can attack with his trident everyone who is at that moment in the main square of Montamarta. Those whom he catches up with receive three strikes in the back with a trident.

13. 100 skaters at the skating rink

PALAFRUGEL(Palafrugell), province GIRONA(Girona), CATALONIA.
From December 5 to January 6, the main town of the municipality of Palafrugell hosts Christmas market and An open-air skating rink opens in the Plaza de Can Mario. Up to 100 fans of such an unusual sport for Spain can be here at the same time. Ice skating classes are open for those interested, and tents are opened around the ice arena selling new Year gifts and souvenirs made by local artisans. You can refresh your strength in the bars that are open here, churrosquerias (* Spanish donut bars). Children's matinees are organized around the skating rink and competitions are held.

14. Mix of Christianity and Basque mythology.

PLANTSIA(Plentzia), province BISCAYA(Vizcaya) BASQUE COUNTRY
The concept of Olentzaro or Olentzero is a small example of the deep belief of the ancient Basques that all surrounding nature is alive, and if so, then man is able to influence it through his actions. In this case, to bring about the winter solstice by lighting a fire. Our ancestors thought that the power of fire was transferred to the sun.
Since those time immemorial, in many places in the Basque region, a strange tradition of burning a log or small log called Olentzaro in the hearth has continued to live. In the town of Plentzia, a meeting with Olentzaro was turned into a real theatrical performance, at which a variety of characters from Basque mythology appear. Divine creatures such as: Mari (the highest female deity), Amalur (mother earth), Ilargi (lord of the Moon - the place where the dead live) and the Sun God Eguzki (Eguzki) jointly drive away Momtsorro (evil spirits) so that Olentzaro, who symbolizes a period of prosperity and the kingdom of good spirits, could be born. After the end of the holiday, the Olentzero doll is set on fire. The performance, which is performed in Plentitsia, combines pagan and Christian traditions in the most unexpected way.

15. Magical Christmas in the mountains of the Peaks of Europe (Picos de Europa).

PONGA(Ponga) in the Principality ASTURIA(Asturias)
The action in a small Asturian village is one of the most interesting New Year's events in this region of Spain. It is no coincidence that “El Guirria” has been declared a holiday of national tourist importance in Asturias by the council of Ponga. Girria is a mythological spirit that every year on January 1 descends from the Pongi mountains and, having taken possession of the body of a single young man, chases young girls and women, trying to break their kiss. He runs, jumps, breaks into the houses of residents of San Juan de Beleño and Cainaba. Girls and women try to escape from the impudent and rude spirit, but everything is useless... Girria gets hers. The magical surroundings – the snow-capped Peaks of Europe – add special charm to the ritual.

16. A mysterious character demanding gifts

SAN JUAN de BELENNO(San Juan de Beleño), principality ASTURIA(Asturias)
Mysterious figure in fancy dress appears on January 1 in the fields near the small village of Belenyo. The strange character who collects New Year's offerings is accompanied by at least 40 young men on horses. The main character of the ritual, “Girria,” is dressed in white trousers embroidered with bright red fringe, and on his head is a high cap (about 40 cm) in the shape of a pound made from one or two sheep skins, decorated with a fox tail. “Girria” has a bag full of ash hanging on his shoulder. With it he beats women who happen to meet on the path of the “spirit” and do not allow them to approach him. The female screams that are heard at the same time make it easy to determine where in this moment the hero of the festival is located. The election of the “artist” for the role of “Girria” is carried out in secret on the eve of the holiday and his identity remains unknown to anyone until the end of the ritual. The main qualities that an applicant must have: dexterity, the ability to evoke sympathy, audacity mixed with impudence.

17. Installation of Bethlehem from biblical times, occupying the entire village

SAN LORENZO DE ESCORIAL(San Lorenzo de El Escorial), province MADRID(Madrid)
Situated in the mountains near Madrid (sierra de Madrid), the gigantic monastery complex of El Escorial is the most famous example of the herreriano style, named after its creator, the famous Spanish architect Juan de Herrera. The Escorial building, impressive in its size and asceticism, was ordered to be built by King Philip II in the 16th century. Since then, the ghost of gigantomania has lived in this place, which still haunts local residents. This is probably why a few years ago the entire village turned into a construction site, where they created a Christmas installation of Bethlehem from biblical times. The figures of the main characters in the story of the birth of Jesus and numerous everyday scenes from the life of the ancient city were recreated in life size and occupied the entire El Escorial, turning it into Bethlehem. Since then, this has happened every year.

18. Religious hymns with humor

SAN MARTIN de MONTALBAN(San Martín de Montalbán), province TOLEDO(Toledo) CASTILLE-LA MANCHA
The village of San Martin de Montalban has a long tradition of singing religious Christmas and Easter carols (“cantar Las Pascuas”). It consists of performing a series of couplets (more precisely, seguidylia) in various rhythms, accompanied by the most exotic instruments: sambombas, bottles of anise liqueur, pipes. A familiar guitar in such an environment looks like an alien.
"Anthems" are sung with humorous overtones by groups of amateurs who gather in bars known for their fun and relaxed atmosphere. Almost all the couplets are distinguished by picaresque content. Many songs humorously tell about the difficult times of the civil war and famine, the events experienced by the older generation of local residents. Unfortunately, the cheerful song tradition is gradually disappearing, but funny couplets can still be heard in the period from December 24 to January 6, and sometimes even after these dates, as the famous Spanish proverb says: “Pasquas continue until St. Anton's Day” (“Hasta San”) Antón Pascuas son").

19. Crazy shopping at any hour of the day or night.

SITGES(Sitges), province BARCELONA(Barcelona), CATALONIA
During the Christmas holidays, Sitges dresses in a ceremonial costume of illuminated and New Year's garlands, which give a special charm to the city, which is very attractive at other times of the year. Sitges - good place for New Year's shopping, since the range of goods in its many stores is surprisingly diverse, and, in addition, is of high quality and originality. But the special attraction of Sitges is that the shops here have the right to flexible hours, and therefore they are open until late evening, many work on Saturdays and Sundays.
An additional bonus for fans of New Year's shopping can be an exhibition of installations of Bethlehem (Belenei) and dioramas on the theme of the Nativity of Christ, which opens in December. It takes place in the “Palace of the Moorish King” (Palau del Rei Moro). The procession of the Magi on January 5 in Sitges is considered one of the most impressive.
And also, from Christmas to the Day of the Magi, two of the most respected associations of the city, El Prado and El Retiro, organize gambling"traditional quinto", the rules of which are very similar to bingo.

20. Sambombás walk through the streets

VEJER de la FRONTERA(Vejer de la Frontera) province CADIZ(Cadiz), ANDALUSIA
Vejer is without a doubt one of the most beautiful towns in Andalusia. The village climbed to the very top of a slender hill, to a height of 190 m above sea level. Due to its advantageous position, Vejer was a place where all known ancient civilizations visited: Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans... But the Muslims left the deepest mark.
During the Christmas holidays, Vejer is filled with music and other “seasonal” entertainment. When people talk about music, they mean the ancient sambombo noise instruments, the sound of which can be heard everywhere. In addition, the city hosts a Beleni competition, in which not only organizations, but also ordinary residents participate. At Christmas time, the local Scout group (Eden 309) organizes a screening of "Bethlehem Live Pictures".

Each country has its own characteristics and traditions of celebration winter holidays. Spain is no exception in this regard. In all cities and provinces, streets, shop windows, and residents' homes are decorated with various lights and Christmas trees are put up, which creates a festive mood for residents.

Christmas Eve is celebrated in Spain on December 24, the day before Christmas. This family celebration, like Christmas, so only family members gather at the table. According to established tradition, children sing songs and eat sweets that are laid out on the table.

Children also receive symbolic gifts. The pagan character "Caga tio" is not uncommon in Catalan homes. This log doesn't look normal. It has a human face, front legs and is covered with a blanket. Children either buy it or make it themselves. It is believed that if you take care of it, it will bring gifts.

Caga tió (Tió de Nadal)

At night, at two o'clock, all the people gather for the Rooster Mass (Misa de gallo). According to legends, it was the rooster who saw the birth of Christ first and then spread the news throughout the world.

When is Christmas celebrated?

Christmas is officially celebrated on December 25, but the celebration itself begins a little earlier. Christmas is an exclusively family holiday in Spain. Every family gets together, even the most distant relatives come. All houses, according to ancient custom, are illuminated with kerosene lamps. On Christmas night, the festive table is filled with numerous sweets and seafood. The main dish is turkey with mushrooms. And after dinner until the morning everyone has fun and sings Christmas songs at the tree.

Christmas traditions

The celebration of Hogueras is ancient Spanish tradition winter solstice celebrations. This is the shortest day of the year. In some regions, Spaniards jump over fires, and this is considered a ritual that protects against disease.

The most popular and important traditional symbol is, of course, the belen. It is shaped like a model that demonstrates the birth of Christ. It is a real decoration of the city and houses. All shops, offices, restaurants display their own henbane on public display. And the most beautiful Christmas compositions are located on the main square of each city. These are real works of art that reflect a piece of life. Now any store in Spain sells items for the construction of a henbane, and the material is very diverse. Therefore, each family has its own composition.

Every year, residents are entertained by fireworks shows, music, Christmas markets and traditional fairs. All this provides a special mood. In a town located in the province of Málaga, in Andalucía, Christmas is celebrated in flamenco style, with competitions and corresponding concerts. This is the most important cultural event. The tradition is not ancient. It arose quite recently. Residents enjoy performances by singers and dancers. And also, tasting of anise liqueur, dessert wine and locally produced pastries.

Archena becomes a real medieval shopping center at Christmas. The market sells antique jugs, herbal mixtures, and wine tails. Clowns, witches and fortune tellers are an integral part. Residents seem to be transported back to the last century.

Every year on December 25, the first Sunday of January and January 6, the Fellowship of the Good Name of Jesus performs an unusual ritual in Caudete (Albacete province). On these days, dances are held “Reinado infantil” (“Children’s Kingdom”), then “Reinados adultos” (“Adult Kingdom”). The scene is Church Square. From the square, all the fun is transferred to the halls of the local Compars Association.

Residents of the town of Galisteo, located in the province of Caceres, have a slightly different Christmas experience. Members of the brotherhood, formed in 1662, perform an Act of Faith. The actors present to the audience only one “play” of the brotherhood. Preparations begin on the first Sunday in November. The director himself chooses the theme of the rehearsals. On Christmas Eve, at about 10 o'clock in the morning, the assistant steward appears on the street and beats the drum. Thus, he calls all the members of the brotherhood to the steward's house. There is already a cradle with the baby Christ there. All the brothers bow to the cradle. After a peculiar ritual, they all collect Christmas alms. During the process they sing various songs. And on December 25, the manager treats all the brothers to lunch. In parallel, Carantolya, who personifies Herod, “scares” people on the street with his appearance. The performance of the “Sacred Act”, starting at 3 o’clock in the afternoon, brings the holiday to its logical conclusion.

Jerez, located in the province of Cadiz, amazes the city with New Year's illumination on the eve of Christmas. The Christmas program includes a market, competitions, and the Cotillion festival. The tradition is to sing hymns in honor of the Virgin Mary and the Child Christ accompanied by sambobo. This is an ancient noise instrument. Impromptu concerts are also held and songs are sung.

Vejer de la Frontera in the province of Cádiz has its own traditions. During the Christmas period, the town is simply filled with the sounds of sambobo. There is also a whitewashing competition among all residents and a screening of “Living Pictures of Bethlehem” is organized.

Spanish New Year's carols, or "", originated in the 13th century and spread to Spain in the 16th century. The term itself is associated with the word “villa” - village. That is, this suggests that songs originally originated in villages. In those days they were performed by peasants at various festivals and had absolutely nothing to do with Christmas. But already in the 19th century everything changed. These songs became associated with the birth of the baby Jesus.

December 28th is celebrated. It is an analogue of the Russian April 1st. The Spaniards are cheerful people, so they know how to joke with each other. On this day, newspapers publish various false advertisements and fountains are filled with soap foam. A standard joke is to stick a “monigote” figurine to the back of a friend. It is also popular to replace sugar with salt at the family table. This day, by the way, has a religious origin. According to Catholic traditions- This is the Day of Infant Martyrs. And it is celebrated in memory of the children who were beaten on the orders of Herod in Bethlehem.

When is New Year celebrated?

Celebrated on the night of December 31 to January 1. It is public in nature, as all residents flock to the main squares of cities and wait for the chimes to strike. New Year in Spain this is exactly what distinguishes it from a quiet and family Christmas with the family. Of course, on New Year's Eve, the Spaniards have dinner with their family at home or in restaurants, but after that they always go out.

New Year traditions

The most famous tradition is the eating of 12 grapes, which must be eaten when the chimes strike. Grapes in Spain have long symbolized wealth, happiness and health. By the way, stores sell ready-made packages of grapes (12 pieces).

Red, which mostly symbolizes Spain, is also the color of choice for the New Year. It is believed that wearing red underwear will bring good luck and happiness in the New Year.

The Spaniards have one symbol called “Caganer” (“El Caganer”). This is not an ordinary figurine. It represents a man defecating, which turns out to symbolize good luck in the new year. It is believed that it thus fertilizes the earth.

San Juan de Beleño has its own unique New Year celebration. A mysterious figure collects New Year's offerings on January 1st from the people of Belegno. This figure is accompanied by 40 people on horses. "Girria" - the main character, wearing pants white with red inserts, a cap on the head, and a bag of ash on the shoulders. With this bag he beats women who prevent him from approaching him. Every year "Girria" is different. And the face is revealed only at the end of the ritual.

Final holiday

The series of Christmas and New Year's holidays and traditions on January 6, which is the day. This is a children's holiday. There is a performance on the square with the participation of fairy-tale characters. According to traditions, children write a letter not to Santa Claus, but to the Three Wise Men.

During the holiday you can also watch the procession in all cities of Spain. Kings on camels walk through the streets and scatter candies, and children and adults collect them. It is on this day that children receive long-awaited gifts. The procession itself begins around 7 pm and is broadcast on all central channels.

Christmas and New Year traditions in Spain are numerous. Each town and province has its own, but the festive mood, brightly decorated streets and cheerful character of the Spaniards make the series of New Year's holidays unforgettable.