How to raise a child prodigy in the early childhood development system. Methods of child development or how to raise a genius

Modern parents They rush to give children an early education, while, it turns out, causing considerable harm to their psyche.
IN last years techniques early development have become extremely popular in our country - already in the cradle of children different ways teach reading and counting. But psychotherapists are sounding the alarm - the number of children with mental disorders is increasing. A correspondent for the Interfax TIME weekly found out how the so-called early development methods differ from each other and from traditional preschool education programs.

WHAT IS EARLY LEARNING?

A virus called “early childhood development” has affected most young parents in large cities. “My daughter can already read at the age of 3...” - “And my son can count,” mothers of children boast to each other. The wide scope of interest in methods of raising child prodigies is provoked by the emergence of a class of young unemployed but educated mothers with unfulfilled ambitions.

In this case, the concept of “development” is used erroneously; in fact, it implies the mental, physical and intellectual formation of personality. But in home “schools for infants” they are engaged not so much in development as in early education in those subjects that the child later studies in primary school. The enthusiasm of moms and dads is fueled by the need to pass tests when entering elite schools. They think that with the help of early education they will give the child an “early start”, increasing his competitiveness in later life.

Throughout the world, the epidemic of early development began in the mid-twentieth century with the slogan of innovative teachers: “After three, it’s too late to teach!” The authors of various methods proceeded from the postulate that the earlier training begins, the more brilliant the student will be. This has an irresistible effect on inexperienced parents: it turns out that my child can easily become a genius! The “magic wand” for the miraculous transformation of a baby into a child prodigy is taken from a rich set of well-known innovative “brands”: Montessori, Nikitin, Zaitsev, Tyulenev. How do approaches to early learning differ from each other, what positive things can they give a child, and how can they harm him?

MONTESSORI SYSTEM

Maria Montessori, an Italian teacher-defectologist, dealt with the problem of teaching mentally retarded children. She developed exercises with cardboard frames, cards and blocks that teach children fine motor skills fingers (at the tips of which there are nerve endings that stimulate speech centers in the cerebral cortex). Mentally retarded children not only learned to speak, but also began to read, write and count earlier than their peers from a regular school. And then Montessori suggested that the same exercises could help in teaching healthy children. Today, in Montessori kindergartens throughout Europe, children of different ages and levels of knowledge study in the same group; older and more experienced ones help beginners by their example. Addition and subtraction are learned with the help of multi-colored beads strung on a thread in in different order, and children learn to read from special pictures. Elena Smirnova, head of the laboratory of psychology of preschool children at the Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education, believes that this system in its traditional version “limites the verbal interaction of children and their imagination.” In fact, in these lessons, fantasy, imagination, and the emotional sides of a small personality do not find an outlet. Human nature is such that over time, lack of communication and poverty of emotional life lead to mental disorders and psychosomatic diseases.

"NUWERS" NIKITINS

The Nikitin family owns the idea of “NUVERS” - Irreversible Fading of Opportunities for Effective Development of Abilities. By not giving a child under three years of age special skills, parents, according to the Nikitins, deprive him of the opportunity to acquire knowledge in the future and ultimately prevent the little person from revealing his personality.

On their seven children, the Nikitins tested an original method of developing abilities using cubes, tables, and logical problems. According to the Nikitin system, children should not only mentally perceive knowledge, but also develop physically. So that the body, not overloaded with unnecessary clothing, not burdened with super-calorie food, easily and willingly responds to solving intellectual problems. The disadvantage of the Nikitin system is that it places emphasis on physical and intellectual development, to the detriment of emotional development.

Employees of the Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences have repeatedly made attempts to understand the developmental characteristics of children raised in the Nikitin family. But the innovating parents refused the offer to test children and give a scientific assessment of this technique. It is interesting that the Nikitin children are extremely reluctant to talk about their early development, and none of them tried to repeat their parents’ experiments on their own children. The Nikitin system, seemingly aimed at educating geniuses, turned them into completely ordinary, albeit educated, people. So was it worth it to suffer so much if these results could be achieved in a more “peaceful” way.

ZAITSEV STORAGE CUBES

St. Petersburg teacher Nikolai Zaitsev created his original cubes by “seeing” the unit of language structure not in a syllable, but in a warehouse. A warehouse is a pair of a consonant with a vowel, or a consonant with a hard or soft sign, or one letter. Using these warehouses (each warehouse is located on a separate side of the cube), the child begins to form words. These are the warehouses that Zaitsev wrote on the faces of the cubes.

The cubes differ in color, size and sound - they are filled with different contents: wooden sticks (for cubes with dull sounds), metal caps (for “voice” cubes), bells or bells (for cubes with vowel sounds). This helps children feel the difference between vowels and consonants, voiced and soft sounds. Zaitsev's cubes help children 3-4 years old learn to read from the first lessons. Of course, learning to read using traditional methods is more difficult than using Zaitsev’s cubes. The fact is that a two-year-old child is able to learn without any problems which sounds are conveyed by which letters, but he still won’t be able to read anything, because he is not yet able to understand that individual sounds need to be combined into syllables and words. In Zaitsev’s technique “dumbness” two year old baby is overcome in a cunning way: the child is presented with the letter combination “MA” as one indivisible warehouse symbol. There are a lot of similar warehouses - about two hundred, but it is still easier for a child to learn a couple of hundred warehouses than to guess that warehouses are made from individual letters.

But later, in a traditional school, the little smart guy will actually have to relearn in order to learn to read in the traditional way. Then it is not clear why there was a need to master “warehouse” reading?

This is the name of the method of Viktor Tyulenev, who based his achievements in pedagogy on the experience of raising his own daughters. For home education, he uses cards with letters and numbers that are already familiar to us, which should be hung over the baby’s crib from birth and shown to him regularly. Also, the walls of the nursery should be decorated with geographical maps, the periodic table, portraits of poets and writers. In one of the families I knew, a girl, using Tyulenev’s methods, learned to read at the age of one year, and two months later she was reciting Lermontov’s “Borodino” by heart, typing and making words on the refrigerator from magnetic letters herself. True, the child prodigy’s mother had to hide her daughter’s talents from her neighbors in the sandbox and think about the prospects of studying in high school. Time will tell how this particular experience of early development will end, but psychologists and doctors say that active educational experiments on infants do not pass without a trace.

PITCHES OF EARLY SUCCESS

Psychotherapists cite as an example complaints from parents about “early-educated” children: “The boy is 3.5 years old, after kindergarten we take him to music and English language, while he cries and screams,” “The girl is 2 years old, she doesn’t want to draw or sculpt. He quickly scribbles and runs to roll the cars!”, “We are 5 years old - he reads only under pressure, only if he sees the belt.”

All genius education programs are structured as if the ultimate goal is for the child to preschool age I just learned the elementary school material. Of course, it is easier for a seven-year-old to read and write in the first grades, but when the time comes to seriously study computer science or algebra, it suddenly turns out that the advantages are on the side of those who, from the very beginning, are accustomed to poring over ordinary textbooks under the supervision of mediocre teachers. After entering the university, it becomes completely clear that the early forced start did not provide the child prodigy with any advantages over his classmates.

Early childhood advocates often have to fend off critics who argue that children should not be deprived of their childhood. Many methods focus on the ease of assimilation of knowledge, creating the deceptive impression that the child learns as if through play, without any mental effort. After such active learning in infancy, the grown-up child prodigies develop an emotionally damaged psyche, unable to cope with increasingly complex tasks at school. Such children suffer from fixation on certain ideas, it is difficult for them to concentrate on their own, they are constantly overexcited, and require increased attention from the teacher.

Professor Elena Smirnova believes that, in an effort to teach a 2-3 year old child to read and count, parents subconsciously avoid the need to “lower down” to his interests and needs. Not every adult knows how to play with a child - kneel down, crawl behind cars, speak for a bunny. Very often, having not played enough in early childhood, child prodigies make up for lost time at school, preferring playing under the desk to lessons.

Representatives of traditional psychology and pedagogy believe that early development is an unhealthy phenomenon, primarily because it is based on a completely false idea that teaching a one-year-old child is much easier than a six-year-old. Professor Elena Smirnova believes that the drama lies in the fact that parents do not understand developmental psychology, features of perception, thinking, and intelligence of the child. No one argues that it is necessary to develop a child, but everything is good in due time. Psychologists insist that teaching children under 5 years of age to read and write means harming the child’s psyche, which is focused on playful ways of understanding the world and is not able to adequately “digest” information expressed in symbols.

Practicing psychotherapist Natalya Pisarenko warns that if you do not stop in time in your overly active desire to raise a genius, you may then have to treat the child for stuttering, enuresis, insomnia, gastritis and other psychosomatic diseases.
Although there is a positive aspect to the early learning epidemic. Sensible parents, having “been ill” with newfangled methods, return to playing “Ladushki” and fairy tales about “Kolobok”. Psychologists admit that upbringing methods proven over dozens of generations are much better than newfangled educational products.

Sveta Orekhova

D&M. Push

I, of course, publish someone else’s article without cuts and my own insertions, as in the original source. But I would like to add a couple of phrases, somewhat softening some of the points of the article.

Firstly, the so-called “early development” does not necessarily harm the child’s psyche. Usually and most often it doesn’t cause any damage. But it partly increases the risk of such harm, this is due to many factors.

Secondly, you need to understand that the so-called. "early development" today means a huge commercial segment of parenthood and childhood associated with the elimination of kindergartens and other public preschool institutions from the process of raising and developing children. The word "early" here simply means fashion brand. Most often, commercial child development centers, sections, etc. They don’t offer anything really “early”, even though it’s written on their signs and in their programs. This is the most common development (and most often inferior in quality and richness to Soviet standards).

And thirdly, in the so-called segment. "early development" there are a lot of outright charlatans, because "love of children" - as O. Henry accurately noted - remains an inexhaustible source of luring money for a huge number of dishonest "business people".

On my own behalf, I would like to say only one thing: there is no need to strive to make your children “competitive” in the distant future, where they will be happy and grateful to their parents for this. Whether they will be happy is a big question. But if children are unhappy now, at two, three, four years old, then this is our absolute fault. Mea culpa. And there is no excuse for us, parents, if our children are unhappy in their childhood. No good intentions, no “developmental” prospects can justify a child’s misfortune.

Let's be attentive to our children, and if children are happy with life, if they eat with appetite and sleep soundly, if they actively play, laugh, cry, fight, pester with questions, if they run after dogs and splash in puddles, if they roll in the snow and jump on the sofa, if they open their eyes and listen to fairy tales and sing songs with pleasure, it means that we are now doing everything right.

This is the main thing.

And each stage of development has its time.

Talented children began to be born more often. Intellectual clubs, development centers and growth studios are on every corner. Work with gifted children has become a special area of pedagogy. Giftedness in child psychology has acquired the scale of a trophy that must be looked for in every child and diligently cultivated. Giving birth to geniuses has become fashionable and prestigious. Purposeful development of abilities has become a family expense... What kind of trend is giftedness?

From this article you will learn

It's fashionable to be special

Each new study only adds questions and everyone is looking for a way to make a genius out of a child. But is it really so important for a modern child to be gifted? Does his upbringing differ from the generally accepted one? Is every child really talented in their own way? How to measure talent?

Gifted people differ from their peers in a higher level of development of some or many qualities at once. This is usually associated with a certain type of activity: communication, learning, creativity, sports, etc. Educators and teachers in the USSR called such children in a simple word“capable” and recommended that parents develop abilities, but always maintaining the harmony of the child’s personality. The fashion for geniuses sometimes distorts the meaning of the term “giftedness.”

Giftedness is a phenomenon of time

Until the middle of the 19th century and the emergence of practical psychology and psychodiagnostics, scientists did not think too much about measuring the magnitude of giftedness. Abilities were considered a natural property of the individual, a universal human quality, and formed the basis of character and behavior.

New Age Terminology

At the threshold of the 20th century, several groups of authors almost simultaneously developed a “formula” for giftedness and defined it as a systemic, already mental, rather than psychological, quality. The main function of the gift is for a person to achieve a level of practical (mental, sports, technical or creative) activity that significantly exceeds the capabilities of other people.

The scientists’ findings can be combined into a list of traits inherent in giftedness:

The general development of personality is the primary foundation for the development of a systemic, holistic mental characteristic - talent.
A child’s giftedness and non-standard thinking, as in Maxim Galkin’s program “You are Super!”, arises as a result of the interaction of the natural components of the personality with social and cultural factors.
Success in a particular activity that significantly exceeds the success of other people, or a skill that has developed earlier than the “norm,” should be considered as a reason for in-depth diagnosis.
Giftedness develops throughout life. Its level of expression and direction may change throughout life.

From childhood to adulthood

The lifelong nature of the process, proven by scientists, does not guarantee that a talented child will grow up to be a famous scientist or graduate from college at the age of 16. Here scientists have identified several more important characteristics for high personal success:

A gifted child will not necessarily become a gifted adult, even if his development is guided and an individual educational route is built for this individual. This property is called “potentiality”.
If children's talent often manifests itself in several directions at once, then, when it passes into adulthood, it differentiates. A young scientist is more likely to choose a narrow field of scientific activity.
The child does not need motives, he is simply interested and every moment demonstrates his ability diffusely. Childhood giftedness will develop into adult giftedness if young man Passion (thirst, aspiration, passion) will arise and a bright motive will appear.
It is the motive that ultimately determines the choice of profession. IN adolescence The most important thing will not be to help you open up, but to help you find that very motive for development.

Origins of talent

Talent can be revealed gradually or arise unexpectedly. It does not obey the plan and may suddenly transform or disappear altogether. Just yesterday the young poetess was passionately reading Mayakovsky, and today she is peacefully painting spring landscapes in gouache. The little pianist suddenly wanted to dance or train his voice. Such transformations are recognized as natural and even characteristic. Instability child development- a variant of the norm.

Early and advanced development. These terms are close, but not identical. In addition, there are restrictions. For example, there is an opinion that it is not always useful for a child to start reading early. But you can discover the possibilities of the world around you in more early age than is provided for by social and pedagogical norms.

Monitoring is the main tool for teachers and parents in diagnosing and confirming children's giftedness. The following can be recommended:

Parents and classroom teacher must consider children’s abilities comprehensively, take into account information from different sources;
Observations must be carried out over a long period of time and record peak moments and periods of “stagnation”;
Involve children in different types activities and analyze the results;
Apply the expert method (collect the opinions of third-party experts when assessing performance results);
Assess the prospects for immediate development and participate in joint activities to maintain aspiration;
Carefully select and effectively combine diagnostic procedures;
Carry out diagnostics in conditions as close as possible to reality;
Evaluate real achievements (olympiads, competitions, competitions, shows);

Subjectivism is the enemy of quality diagnostics, like any shortcuts; inept “stimulation” can also have a negative impact. Awareness of the fact “you are the best among us” already limits opportunities for development: “why grow if I’m already the best?” Rational development is the main goal of diagnosing talent and giftedness.

True and “rehearsed” talent

Many children have a unique memory and can easily cope with combinatorics problems. These are more brain abilities than true genius. And parents are tempted to turn this into a gimmick. Little smart guy - it's so funny! Such children, at the age of 2–3, know by heart all the presidents of the United States, the dates of the Macedonian military campaigns, the distance to Sirius and chemical formulas.

And here child psychologist A natural question arises: does the child himself need this information? Should parents, in pursuit of uniqueness, emulate the achievements of Albert Einstein or Newton? Do you need to turn your child into a living encyclopedia with your own hands?

Is it possible to specifically train memory?? Children's memory can be very tenacious. Simulators are good for harmonization, achieving balance between mnemonic processes: memorization and reproduction, for example.

The key criterion for giftedness is the desire for innovation, and not the ability to memorize and reproduce. To create your own masterpiece is already an application. Therefore, the young polyglot is considered only a candidate for the “natural gift” category. So how do you know that an intellectual or creative genius has settled in your home?

Problems of gifted children

Children who have realized their exclusivity and uniqueness may have some characteristics:

rejection of the school education system due to a feeling of boredom;
immaturity or deviations in gaming activities;
denial of standards and rules;
imbalance of social and psychological development, violations of self-esteem;
finding friends among older guys;
excessive pedantry, perfectionism;
demonstrativeness;
rudeness in communication, etc.

The main model of behavior of teachers and parents with such children is cooperation and trust.

Difficulties in diagnosis

Abilities and talents that become obvious to parents and teachers are usually designated by the terms “interest” and “passion.” And it is this information that helps to recognize genius and giftedness.

Note! In psychology, there are several different classifications that separate types of giftedness in children. Parents should remember that no test gives an absolute result. It is advisable to use tools different types, measure abilities over time and carefully observe the child in everyday life.

Watch a very useful video about giftedness in children and what parents can do about it:

Giftedness in toddlers and preschoolers (3–5 years old)

At 1–2 years old there is hardly any point in talking about, let alone identifying, bright inclinations. The little vocalist is also interested in everything that is around him and copes well with any age-appropriate tasks. Accept this as a normal development modern child, it’s too early to test a child for genius.

There is always a very information-rich environment around, most interesting toys, technology and the attention of a well-read mother. That is why the baby so actively exceeds the age norms of psychological and intellectual development, developed in the depths of the seventies.

A genius baby (baby) is rather a figure of speech, since genius itself is considered the highest level of development of a particular inclination. In other words, a one-year-old child prodigy is unlikely to sort out the periodic table or prove the Pythagorean theorem. To do this, he simply does not have the physical capabilities or the necessary level of knowledge.

But talking about inclinations and inclinations at the age of 3–5 years is very appropriate. The main criterion, or rather, the form of manifestation of high abilities at an early age, is the child’s imagination. Support for this quality from parents and teachers is a factor in the development of giftedness, which helps children grow up active and creative.

For example, talents are so multifaceted younger preschoolers, according to researchers:

group of talents in the field of practice: craft, sports, management;
intellectual aspirations in various fields of knowledge, or academic talent;
craving for creativity and aesthetics and high results in this direction;
attractive talent - desire for leadership, outstanding communication skills;
altruistic aspirations (spiritual and value-based activities, creation of intangible objects, desire to serve people).

Indigo or genius

Often, everyday understanding smooths out the boundaries of such a phenomenon as indigo. Initially, indigo children were called children who show high intuition, creative activity, and are distinguished by especially fluent speech and prudence. But indigo is not a genius, it is a talented child whose abilities can be further developed or blocked forever.

Is it possible/needed to raise an ordinary child to be a genius? There is no clear answer to this question. Some experts believe that basic abilities can be developed to any level, even genius. Other researchers have not found a single fact in favor of the targeted cultivation of a genius child and argue that it is useless to influence the ability from the outside if it is not enough for genius.

Identification of talent at 5–6 years old

The first truly significant signs of a child’s giftedness can be noticed during the period of preparation for school - about 5.5–6 years. In this short age period, a brilliant child becomes bright, his individual characteristics become obvious to others. Most often, teachers in preschool educational institutions (kindergarten) inform parents that they have noticed a craving for math games, leadership roles or fine arts.

Don't take away your child's childhood! Even if your boy shows signs of giftedness, try to treat him like an ordinary child (and he is an ordinary child!). Don't try to fill his whole life with math or drawing, let him enjoy his childhood.

Questionnaire for parents of 4–6 year old children

Answer “yes” or “no” to the questions provided. Then count the number of “yes” and compare the result to the score scale.

Does a child often find a non-standard use for this or that object?
Do the child's interests change periodically?
Does your little artist draw abstract pictures?
Does he draw imaginary, non-existent objects, show artistic vision?
Does the young genius like science fiction stories?
Does he himself compose such stories, poems, musical compositions?
Does he sometimes successfully do something he didn't know he could do?
Does he transform space and objects according to his extraordinary design?
Can he identify the main idea of the text and reason about it?
Does he cut out intricate images from paper and cardboard?
Invents new words, is able to come up with his own plot dance?
Does he find made-up words understandable without explanation?
Does he often rearrange furniture?
Does he use things for other purposes?
Can you guess the purpose of objects that you have never seen?
Prefers to dress according to his own taste, denying yours?
Does he have his own fantasy world in which he is comfortable?
Is he trying to find an explanation for something he is not familiar with?
Asks to explain surrounding phenomena, is keenly interested in events in the outside world?
Does he like books without pictures?
Drawing his own board games, cards, etc.?
Remembers dreams well, can he retell them?
Quickly and easily establishes a connection between cause and effect, even if this connection is not obvious.

A child for whom parents have marked “yes” 20 to 23 times can be considered gifted. A result from 15 to 19 indicates the preschooler’s intelligence and interest. 9–14 points - this is a smart kid, not too inclined to creative things. 4–8 points - this child is more of a logician and practitioner than a creator. Less than 4 - ingenuity is not yet developed; teachers and parents can work on its manifestations.

You are our superman!

Telling a child how exceptional he is is a recipe for ruin. Children with high self-esteem may appear spoiled, hyperactive, and demonstrate deviant behavior. All of the above can be considered risk factors.

The price of genius. Artistic or scientific biography always starts from childhood. And every famous poet or composer went from infancy to adulthood. Please note that the fate of a genius is often sad. There are many examples in history (Pushkin, Mozart, Yesenin...). Yesterday - an unrecognized genius or mediocrity, and tomorrow - a world-famous virtuoso. This is a huge burden on the human psyche! There is also a saying that nature rests on the children of geniuses...

The mechanism of the formation and development of genius has not yet been fully studied, so be reasonable and do not rush to shock your child with tests. Seeing talent in a child is half the battle. Good parent- calm parent! Don't rush to conclusions or actions. Best choice At this stage of diagnosis there will be a psychological analysis. Use standardized questionnaires and testing and consider any deviation from the norm only as a symptom of giftedness, not a diagnosis.

It may happen that the child has hidden talent, not recognized for some reason. For example, autistic people can also be talented. The catch is that sometimes such special kids are not expected to, and therefore are not sought for, a gift.

Sh. Amonashvili tells how to properly nurture a genius in a child.

Primary school and talented teenagers

Jr school age- the ideal time to diagnose already updated abilities. Children already experience a craving for very specific phenomena. These phenomena are understandable to them, and therefore stimulate unlimited interest in knowledge. At the age of 7, the young musician already truly shows hope, having barely mastered primary class piano.

However, the interest of a recent kindergarten graduate may be unusual: dragon science, chemistry, history. And this is fully consistent with the concept of giftedness: any individual’s desire for innovation, creativity, creativity indicates talent.

The school program includes work with gifted children as a separate (mandatory) block. Therefore, teachers ignore the principle of free choice and conduct a targeted search for unique students among schoolchildren and almost forcefully draw into research activities those who at least slightly fit into the selection criteria.

Indicators expressed in numbers affect the school's rating. Oddly enough, this approach does not fail, since the school finds and develops something in the student that was missed by the parents. By the way, consultations for parents are included in the program of work with gifted students.

Position of the state On the wave of scientific progress, the country is solving the problem of shortage of personnel in this way - nurturing talents from a young age. And the school provides the state with all possible assistance in this. Don't be lazy to visit the school Parent meeting on this topic at the beginning school year. Pay attention to the concept of the Russian national system for identifying and developing young talents.

Special methodological complexes and teaching technologies have been developed and are successfully functioning for teenagers. They are aimed at identifying and supporting gifted students. For many children, teachers’ methods of working with talented children act as a formative factor: a student who is not unique, but smart and has charisma, gets the opportunity to develop his abilities to the level of talent.

Support programs are implemented within the framework of additional education schoolchildren. The child can be sent to a group like “Znayka” (3–6 years old) or “Young Erudite” (7–12 years old). Classes in an intellectual or creative laboratory help a child better master educational material, teach him structure, allow him to cope with tasks in a regular school lesson, develop creativity, and learn to work with literature. All these are universal skills that will be useful in any profession.

An example to follow

At the age of younger and high school children search (and find!) their idols. And why don’t you, as a parent, help in the search. Take an interest in historical facts together. Find the most brilliant example (for example, let it be the great scientist of his time, Leonardo da Vinci).

Get inspired by it together. Design, draw, sculpt - awaken the interest inherent in every primary school student. The birth of interest will be the first step towards the manifestation of talent in the future.

Create interest within the family. It is important for a small person to want to learn. And it will be possible to teach the subtleties with the help of teachers.

Literature on the topic

Start with A.I.'s textbook. Savenkova "Psychology of children's giftedness." Tutorial puts all the information in order and helps you get an idea of the phenomenon. It is better to continue education in this direction with materials from practicing teachers:

Giftedness: Blessing or Hindrance?
Article Passion in the structure of research talent
Personification of training and education of intellectually gifted students
Periodical publication “Gifted Child”.
Download methods for diagnosing giftedness in children.

If you want to study this issue in more depth, we recommend that you watch the webinar by Lyudmila Viktorovna Kunevskaya, Deputy Director for Water Resources Management of the Lyceum No. 9 of Novosibirsk:

Instead of a conclusion

Talent, gift, ability, divine spark - all these are concepts close to the term giftedness. All of them, to one degree or another, depend on natural inclinations. Seeing talent in a child is a matter of time and developmental psychology. Of course, we can say that a child is already talented in the womb. But it is also important to create conditions for development: to show the child the joy of discovery, to carefully guide his education, and to discard unreasonable expectations. And most importantly, both giftedness and talent should bring happiness to the child, and not burden him.

IMPORTANT! *When copying article materials, be sure to include an active link to the original

Today there are so many different methods of child development that the children themselves no longer know where to get away from them. But truly determined parents are not deterred by meteor showers, tsunamis, and paving stones: with the tenacity of a circular saw, they turn their children into geniuses. We decided not to stand aside and collect a dozen of the best recommendations for ambitious parents.

Cards

Don't waste a minute of precious time! Start showing your child cards from birth. Take them with you to the maternity hospital, hang them around the ward and show the baby animals, colors, world capitals and everything else. Of course, only in Chinese - the future belongs to them.

Breast-feeding

It’s better before school, and then see how it goes. Long contact with the mother ensures the child the harmonious development of all hemispheres of the brain, neural connections and genius. If a child refuses under the pretext of “going for a bike ride with friends,” do not listen to him and give the breast. By the time I was six years old I had completely loosened my belt! This didn’t happen in our time!

Don't forbid

Nothing at all, ever! You can’t forbid a child anything! It is clear that you will inflict mental trauma on him, he will grow up and work exclusively to pay for sessions with a psychoanalyst! And your goal is a liberated personality, free from complexes! So what if he gets shocked, what if this opens his creativity chakra?

Feed correctly

Exclusively organic food, grown by farmers you know, and carefully ground with an organic hand-held wooden blender into organic puree. It is clear that only ordinary people, alien to subtle matters and genius, grow up on canned food.

Don't let your husband

In general, it is better not to trust your husband with a baby unnecessarily. Everyone knows that men show phenomenal stupidity and imbecility when it comes to issues of education! What if he feeds him an afternoon snack not at 16, but at 16.02? AND THAT'S ALL! The entire education system will go down the drain because of a measly two minutes!

Don't give it to your mother-in-law

These mothers-in-law are trying to make you look like a fool with your brilliant education system, but what do they even understand in this life, Old Believers! No one knows how to raise a child except his mother!

Don't give me medicine

It is clear that medications are the machinations of devilish forces that negatively affect the brain! Beetroot decoction, honey and urine therapy are your choice! Need medical help natural methods, then the body will immediately understand that it has nowhere to go and will instantly become the most brilliant in the world. As a last resort, use homeopathy. At least it's fashionable.

Don't vaccinate

I don’t care about the results of many years of research and statistics! You, home-grown Sherlock Holmes, are aware that all this is a global conspiracy of vile pharmaceutical companies, hungry for profit to satisfy their black soul! But in fact, vaccinations are an alien intervention with the aim of seizing power on Earth, it’s just that everyone is silent about it.

Develop

Let your child’s development fill every free minute! Who knows what might come to his mind while he sits calmly on the carpet with a toy? If they are cubes, then they are developmental! If a wooden duck on a rope is exclusively organic and conducive to the discovery of drawing abilities! And singing! And of course, constantly evaluate it, correct it, recommend it. Where would he be without your sensitive maternal control? And his methods, his methods!

Control

Every step of the child should be for his benefit, no initiative! Does he not want to play with the ball? We urgently need to study this phenomenon! Round shapes is he frightened because they symbolize restrictions and rules? He does not like green color? Let's bring the red one urgently! Well, it’s absolutely clear that instead of any bullshit like children’s fairy tales, a child should listen to conjugations of Chinese verbs from a native-speaking nanny. The future belongs to the Chinese, remember.

Text: Yana Staven

Every parent wants their child to be smart. What does it take to make a child a child prodigy? There are many early development systems, for example, the Montessori method, Walfdor pedagogy, the Nikitin system, Glen Doman's method, Zaitsev's cubes and other lesser known ones, which help develop the child's inclinations and abilities.

Each parent chooses which method is best suited to the child’s temperament and abilities, and also closer to the values of the parent himself.

But in addition to the well-known early development systems, there are general rules, which contribute to the flourishing of the child’s abilities and inclinations, and the patterns or stages of the child’s intellectual development are also known.

What are these patterns? Let us turn to Piaget’s theory, which most clearly and fully reflects the stages of a child’s intellectual development.

In general, he identified 3 stages of development, while drawing attention to the fact that intellectual development tends to balance; at each stage it is disrupted and restored. Stages are levels of development that replace each other.

1. Sensorimotor stage (up to 2 years), pre-operational stage (2-7 years)

During this period, a kinesthetic knowledge base is accumulated, which will become the basis for further stages of development - the child needs to touch, tug, listen, even taste everything.

2. Concrete Operations Stage or Representational Intelligence (7-12 years old)

The stage when things are taken apart and put together - toys or even things of adults. This stage is necessary to move on to the stage of formal, logical operations - first, these operations need to be done visually, by the child himself, so that later there is no doubt (thinking them through only in his mind) that this is the way it is.

3. The stage of formal operations (12-17 years old) or the basis of the logic of an adult; elementary scientific thinking, working with the help of hypotheses and deductions, is based on them. Abstract thinking is the ability to form conclusions according to the rules of logic, which allows a teenager to put forward hypotheses, think about testing them experimentally, and draw conclusions.

The foundation of human intelligence is laid in the first years of a child’s life - from birth to 5-6 years, because the brain grows and develops at an accelerated pace only in very early childhood. All information received during this period will become the foundation for a person’s future successful life. The main activity in preschool age is play.

So, rules for raising a genius.

1) Communicate with your child. Communicating means talking, listening and answering questions. The only authoritative source of knowledge for the little researcher is an authoritative adult. By asking questions, the baby not only receives information about the world around him. Your reaction to his questions shapes such personality traits as self-confidence or low self-esteem, curiosity or loss of interest in everything, developed creative thinking or simply following instructions.

When planning something, let it be the dinner menu - involve your child in the discussion. It is precisely such children, whose opinions are listened to, who most easily go through the period of teenage crisis.

When a three-year-old child tells a story that happened in kindergarten- Be patient and listen to the end. If an adult dismisses a child over and over again, he concludes: “They don’t like me,” “I’m not needed and I’m not interesting.” This conclusion is followed by a loss of both trust in an adult and self-confidence, bad behavior (in order to attract the attention of an adult), and the child’s anxiety grows.

Answer your child's questions. When asking a question, the baby seems to be asking: “Do you think that I am worthy of an answer, do you love me?..” All this can be hidden behind an innocent question, “Why does the wind blow or trees grow?” Parental respect is very important for children, including attention to their questions - this develops self-esteem in the child.

2) Give your child beautiful toys that develop imagination - you are not just spending money, but investing it in raising a genius. By allowing your child to draw, even on the walls, although of course it’s better on whatman paper pasted on the wallpaper, take apart the same toys, listen to the sound of a rattle, watch how objects thrown on the floor crumble, sculpt something from plasticine or dough - you ensure the child is at a successful sensorimotor stage of development.

You cannot force a child to study at an early age - this can discourage him from learning for a long time. But you shouldn’t stop your child from playing as he wants - this can make him passive and slow down his further development. Ideally, you want to play and teach at the same time. For example, letters and syllables are written on Zaitsev’s cubes in such a way that in the process of building a house or a train, entire phrases are obtained. The cubes themselves are filled with sawdust: wood sawdust if voiced consonants are written on them, and metal sawdust if voiced consonants are written on them.

By the age of five, children can easily learn up to five languages. An important factor for successful learning is naturalness - communication with native speakers or in the form of a game, for example, reading fairy tales, listening to songs.

3) Use bright details in the design of the nursery, let the child get acquainted with different colors. Introduce your child to art already in childhood - this will develop in him a sense of beauty. Educate even when you are not at home - decorate the walls with geographical maps, pages from encyclopedias that depict species of animals, plants, musical instruments, paintings by famous artists.

The child will not necessarily become a great artist or musician, but it will contribute to his overall development. The more information from different areas a child has at his disposal, the easier it is to reveal his talent and develop his inclinations and abilities. But the child should have the opportunity to choose.

4) Take a walk with your child - after all, the brain needs to be nourished not only useful information, but also oxygen. Go with your child to the forest, to the river, look at the surrounding objects, talk. For example, pick up the leaves of several trees and show the variety of colors and variety of shapes. And this will not just be information, but also a system of interconnected ideas of the child about himself and his place in the world around him. Does your baby enjoy running, jumping and climbing? Great, because activity stimulates the development of mental abilities.

5) And lastly, do not pull the child back. Do not force your child to read a book when he wants to draw, so as not to discourage him from reading and prevent the development of his artistic abilities. A child who is constantly given comments and suggestions grows up unsure of himself and closed to receiving information. If a child feels needed, understood, accepted, he learns to find love in this world.

These are the features of educating future geniuses that author researcher Gene N. Landrum noted in his book “14 Geniuses” (Napoleon Bonaparte, Walt Disney, Isadora Duncan, Pablo Picasso, Maria Montessori, Nikola Tesla and others):

Indulgent parents. Treating your child as a unique, special person will instill strong self-esteem and self-confidence.
Show your independence. Business or entrepreneurial activities of parents instill in the child the same behavioral patterns.
Numerous trips and frequent moves. New cultures and acquaintances have a positive effect on the development of courage and teach one not to be afraid of uncertain situations.
Freedom of action and movement. Allow children to experience risk, without risking disaster, of course. The child should be given the freedom to explore the world, while parents monitor his activities so that new experiences do not harm the health and life of their child.
Develop your strengths without paying attention to your weaknesses. Optimism is what should be the main thing in consolidating behavioral qualities. Never let rationalism and negativism guide your actions.
Instill in your child that being different from others is great. Leaders are different from others. Taking risks should be encouraged without scolding for mistakes, allowing children to experiment and learn from mistakes.
Game-based learning teaches abstract problem solving. Construction sets, mosaic puzzles and radio construction sets are the toys of a genius. Solving heuristic problems develops a holistic understanding of the world and creativity. Intuition for a genius is a golden quality.
Books, films and imaginary heroes. Imaginary and mythological heroes open up unlimited perspectives for the child,become examples forgrowth and release its energy. Books and voracious reading are the keys to success.
Knowledge and curiosity should be respected. Knowledge breeds enthusiasm. Children should receive knowledge inart, exact sciences, journalism, poetry and philosophy.
Place your child in an environment that is stimulating and challenging. The unconscious absorbs everything like a sponge, and we become a byproduct of our environment. Try to enrich it, not impoverish it.
Hyperactivity- extremely useful quality. High energy and speed always win. Monitor overly active children, but do not calm them down with drugs or punish them. Such behavior is controlled, but cannot be changed. Many powerful people in this world were very active in childhood.
Don't limit your imagination. All creative endeavors of adults come from childhood fantasies, which are a by-product of the developed right hemisphere (responsible for spatial-imaginative thinking) and a holistic vision of the world.

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There is one legend that the parents of a newborn baby wanted to know when they should start raising their child. They turned to the sage for advice. “When was your baby born?” asked the sage. “Three days ago,” the parents answered. “You are exactly three days late,” the elder replied.

Modern parents are not lagging behind in their desire to raise their child as best as possible. Today there are many methods of raising children, you just need to choose the one that is right for your baby.

Montessori method. The child must decide for himself

Today, Maria Montessori's method is gaining extreme popularity. This is an Italian teacher and psychologist. The motto of her system of raising children is that the teacher should not do for the child what the child can do for himself.

There have long been kindergartens and schools in the world that operate according to this system. The most famous people who were raised according to Montessori are George Clooney, Bill Clinton, Bill Gates.

What made these people so successful? The basic principle seems to work pedagogical system Montessori - the child determines his own interests and does what he really wants to do.

We can highlight the basic principles of this technique.

1. Determine the interests of the child

But this method cannot be taken literally, because the child’s interests are different and sometimes change every day.

2. Forget about prohibitions

But we must understand the difference between total bans on everything and permissiveness. Psychologists recommend defining a clear range of prohibitions that a child can remember, especially those that are dangerous to the baby’s life.

3. Don't scold

Here you need to understand the difference between explanation and shouting. It is necessary to explain to the child the consequences of his action so that he himself understands that he acted badly, and not just say “you can’t.”

4. Don't praise

This point is probably difficult for almost all parents to fulfill. But what we mean here is that there is no need to praise your child, so that the child does not do what the parents like, but does what he wants to do himself.

5. Don't criticize

There is no need to compare your child with other children and question his even minor achievements.

6. Don't stimulate

Parents or teachers should not push a child to do what adults like. You can offer a toy, but do not encourage the baby to play with it.

The child must live in the real world. But this rule is also not easy to follow. After all, by reading fairy tales, we develop a child’s imagination, teach kindness and mutual assistance.

This system has pros and cons. The main disadvantage is that children who study according to the Montessori system or go to such a kindergarten find it difficult to adapt to school. They often do not understand the rules of discipline and are not ready to learn what is not interesting to them.

Rudolf Steiner's technique. Harmonious and creative development

This technique is considered an alternative to the Montessori system. The main goal is the harmonious development of the child.

The main points of this technique:

1. The child must develop at his own pace

At the same time, parents must provide all available means for this.

2. Toys should be made from natural materials, dolls without faces - this develops imagination in children

3. The teacher is a role model for the child

4. Educational material divided into parts: spiritual, emotional, practical

In the spiritual part they pay attention to active thinking, in the spiritual part - music, in the practical part - drawing, modeling.

5. We educate human values using historical examples

Popular methods of conversion in the knightly era. Children dress up in medieval costumes and act out skits.

Glen Doman's method. How to raise a genius

Dr. Glen Doman is a neurosurgeon. He worked with disabled children whose nervous systems were damaged. The doctor invented his own method, which turned out to be very effective for the development of memory in children. As a result, sick children after some time caught up with healthy ones in their development.

What did Glen Doman come up with? He tried to show the children cards with pictures and name what was depicted there. Such a lesson should last a few seconds, and there can be up to fifty lessons per day.

His method of education also places great importance on the physical development of children. He is sure that a newborn should spend as much time as possible on the floor or on a special device. Children need to be twisted and turned different ways, learn to overcome obstacles.

The most important principles Doman's techniques:

1. The earlier you start studying with your child, the greater the chances of raising him as an erudite.

2. Praise your child for his achievements

3. Don't teach children without their interest

4. Regular exercise is the key to success

5. Don’t test your child’s knowledge

6. Every child can grow up to be a genius, you just have to try.

7. Young children perceive and remember a huge amount of information. After 6 years, memory abilities are not so great.

Nikitin's education system. Minimum care - maximum love

This system was discovered for themselves and the world by innovative teachers Nikitins, who tested it on their own children. All methods came with time and experience. Here are the basic rules of upbringing that the Nikitins developed for themselves.

1. Temper your child

Cold is the main enemy of disease. But the child must be tempered gradually.

2. Don’t force your child to eat.

And we're not just talking about overfeeding. If any Nikitin child refused to eat, he was not fed at all. But until the next “planned” meal, no snacks.

3. Movement is life

Physical development was given great importance in the family. Children climbed horizontal bars, ropes, and ladders. At the same time, no one indicated exactly how the child should study - everything was at his own request.

4. “No” to unnecessary care

According to the Nikitins' method of raising children, there is no need to overprotect children - they can do a lot themselves. When their children began to crawl and walk, parents practically did not insure their babies. And the guys learned to group themselves, fall correctly and maintain body balance. If you insure your baby, he stops relying on his own strength.

5. Yes to adult toys

If a child is interested in playing not with a doll, but with a spoon, slippers, or a hairdryer - please, as long as there is no danger to life. But we need to clearly identify which adult things can be taken and which cannot.

6. Own example is an incentive for children

According to the father of the family, if something is done with love and interest, children will be sincerely interested in the affairs of their parents.

7. Develop your child with board games, puzzles, puzzles, riddles

It is very important that the whole family takes part in home games, this not only develops thinking, but also builds team spirit.

But this system has a second side to the coin, which the Nikitins themselves saw. Their children were erudite beyond their years. At school, they were not used to straining themselves, and when their stock of knowledge ran out, they simply did not know how to study. Despite their physical development, they did not become champions in sports.

Woe from mind

When choosing parenting methods for your child, you must remember that they must be useful for your child and suitable for him.

Think about it, is it really necessary to make a genius out of your child? Will this bring him happiness? Or are you simply trying to satisfy your ambitions by forcing your children to do things they don't need to do?

It is worth remembering the rule that all these teachers discovered for themselves: do not run ahead of the learning train, raise your child with love and sincere interest - and then the results will really surprise you.