Educational methods for children from 2 years. Early Development Techniques

The author of books for parents talks about his experiences. early development year old daughter. What educational aids to choose? The authors of what methods to believe? How can an adult enjoy all this? And what is dangerous in the passion for only "developing" games and toys?

Do not wait for the result

Inspired by the great idea of \u200b\u200bthe early development of the almost one-year-old Dasha, I began to buy "developmental aids": puzzles for the smallest (2-4 elements), pyramids, large mosaics, cut pictures, as well as frames and inserts.

The latter are plywood or cardboard boards (tablets) with holes or recesses of various shapes and sizes. The task of the game is to select the inserts for the corresponding holes. Classic frames according to the technique - with geometric shapes. But now on sale there are a huge number of other thematic tablets (animals, fruits, colors, and so on) - with a substrate (that is, a picture inside as a hint) or without.

Also in our house there were educational books on various topics (for example, “Opposites”, “At the Zoo”, “Colors and Forms”, “Learning About Me”). Then came the turn of "photo albums."

"Photo albums" is a conditional name. In fact, instead of photographs, an enthusiastic mother inserts pictures into the pockets with images of various objects, inhabitants of the animal world, etc. Next to it is a signature, preferably written “in warehouses”, in the spirit of N. Zaitsev’s methodology. Albums should be thematic (“vegetables”, “clothes”, “furniture”, “musical instruments”, “road signs”, “dog breeds” and so on). This is such a wonderful way to get your baby to know the world around.

I took pictures and inscriptions from them from the book of L. Danilova "How to give a child encyclopedic knowledge." Now on sale there are many special sets of pictures, systematized on certain topics.

And now everything was ready for classes. But ... life has made its own adjustments. My mom's palm-assisted pictures were absolutely uninteresting. No, interesting, but three seconds. Then attention turned to scattering a jigsaw puzzle on the carpet, a moment later - to colorful frames and inserts, then to slobbery bagels from the pyramid ... Then it was all flung away, and the child crawled away to roam the apartment. I ran after her with albums: “Look, look, this is a toucan, but this is a fish we’ll pour” ... To no avail. That toucan, that we burbot, that the button accordion with Dasha’s accordion were equally indifferent.

Anxiety fluttered inside me. But then, fortunately, the experience of one mother caught my eye. She said that her boy was addicted to the same albums only in 1 year and 3 months. I realized that not everything was lost, and, remembering the precepts of specialists not to force events, I began to wait.

What else were we doing at that moment? They tried to build towers from cubes: I built, and Dasha broke. Nothing, I reassured myself, this is now a period of destruction. It is time to create ahead. Our ball games, frames and inserts, rhymes, nursery rhymes, songs - all this was somehow ... awkward. I did not even see a spark of reaction to my efforts in Dasha.

I have well understood the warnings "do not grow a genius," "do not pursue records," "do not burden a child." But the installation "do not wait for the reaction and the result" somehow passed me by. And only then, a little smarter, I realized that there was no need to wait - neither interest, nor response, nor that the baby would please his mother with his successes. You don’t have to expect anything from the child! Not only at the time of his early childhood - never at all.

And I need to drive away from myself the idea that, I say, I am engaged in the “early development” of my child, how cool it is, how good I am. Such occupations should not have any hidden or obvious subtext, or any ambitious goals, except for one - the pleasure of spending time together. All maternal impulses must come from the heart, and not because "it is necessary," "useful," and "right."

Here it is, early development!

Success, as is usually the case, became noticeable when no one was waiting for them. In that very 1 year and 3 months, Dasha woke up "brutal appetite." She became interested in literally everything - and thematic albums in the first place. We began to study them every day, a little bit: I leafed through the pages, called the pictures, and Dasha listened enthusiastically. The rating of the most popular topics was headed by animals - domestic and wild.

Studying with Dasha, I discovered a lot of new things. For example, I learned to distinguish a lapdog from a Pekingese, found out what a flounder looks like and who such a long legger ... I remembered that the longest river on earth is the Nile, the largest island is Greenland, and the deepest, cleanest and the same The "ancient" lake is our Baikal.

And that was just the beginning! My child then more than once helped me take a fresh look at familiar things and remove dusty bags of knowledge from the back streets of my memory. On one memorable day, I saw that Dasha herself began to take albums from the shelf and examine them. And my mother’s heart calmed down completely - the process has begun.

Along with the albums, the child "hooked" on all kinds of frames and inserts and similar plywood games. (The correct name is Segen's development boards. These are plywood tablets with recesses of varying degrees of complexity: for example, several identical dogs of different sizes; a picture consisting of several parts, and so on.)

Our other favorite pastime was the game of "funny pyramid." These are 8 bright plastic cups, painted in all colors of the rainbow, which can be folded one into another or, turning upside down, build a pyramid tower from them. Here and the study of colors, sizes, and familiarity with the concepts of "more or less."

At that very moment, the husband went on a business trip to Hungary and brought Dasha a gift - a large “logical cube” with many holes in the form of different geometric shapes (another name for such a toy is sorter). It was necessary to stick in them the details that were suitable in form. Moreover, the cube turned out to be of increased complexity: in addition to the banal circle, square, oval, there were holes for a semicircle, ellipse, right-angled, isosceles and equilateral triangles, five-, six-, eight-, decahedrons and even a parallelepiped.

“Did the manufacturers accidentally mix up anything?” I thought. “Is this definitely a developmental aid for children of the second year of life?”

Imagine my surprise when, having stumbled over for about three weeks, Dasha began to fill the “logical cube” about once. It was then that I finally believed Masaru Ibuke - the brain of a young child has practically unlimited possibilities. It is only necessary to engage in “charging” with him every day.

Child approach

However, each child needs a different approach. Once I suggested that a three-year-old Dasha paint a picture - a girl with a sled. By the way, she still did not know how to paint. But you have to start learning sometime, right? The child enthusiastically took a felt-tip pen and ... put it in its place.

“No, mom, I won’t succeed.”

- And you try. Look, it’s not difficult at all, - and I painted the girl’s hat.

Dasha in no way:

- No, I won’t succeed.

And then I broke through.

- It doesn’t work with those who don’t even try to learn, Dasha. If you don’t try, don’t try, you really won’t succeed. It turns out only at those who undertakes business, and trains, trains, trains, without being afraid of mistakes. No one immediately succeeds, but if nothing is done at all, then it will never work. Here!

I exhaled. Then I thought about it. Who did I say all this to? Three year old girl? But can such a baby understand all these causal relationships of the "adult world", let alone take them into account?

In addition, gaining experience in "early development", I realized for myself several important things:

Maria Montessori, the spouses of Nikitina, are a thousand times right, advising her to never do for the baby something that he can handle himself. When playing with a child, in no case should you immediately point out to him his mistakes and suggest "how to" and "how to." Let him make mistakes, let him do as he sees fit. Because only by straining his head, devising his own ways of solving the problem, he will learn to think and create. Only in this way will he grow inwardly free and self-confident. It would be nice to transfer this attitude to all other spheres of a child’s life. In the future, he will least need to be strongly advised on how to live and what to do.
If the baby doesn’t succeed, and he angrily throws the toy away with the clear intention of never approaching it again, try to minimize this negativity. And once again calmly and unobtrusively show, explain, encourage, support faith in oneself. "You will surely succeed, you are so well done!"

But ... What did I see after I fell silent? Dasha, with a sigh, timidly took a felt-tip pen and began to paint mittens on the girl. Cunningly, of course, now and then getting out of the "border", but she tried! In the evening, we proudly showed a “girl with a sled” to dad who came home from work, who, of course, nearly fainted from such beauty. And Dasha since then believed in herself and asked to buy her coloring books. Who would have thought that such a hopeless case as an “adult lecture” would help her overcome the “barrier” and begin to do what she thought she would never succeed.

Useless games

Somehow, imperceptibly for myself, I began to play with the child only “developing” games, completely forgetting about the “useless” games (hide and seek, napkins, mother-daughter and others). The situation was saved by Dashin who appeared in our life nanny - Natasha. She was the music director in kindergarten and worked with us twice a week.

“Modern children are completely unable to play,” I remembered Natasha's words. - And this is the biggest problem when they come to kindergarten.

I am immensely grateful to our nanny. For the fact that she is just a wonderful person. For the fact that in two years of her work we had nothing to reproach her with. But first of all, because she taught my child to play.

Natasha did it very naturally. She and Dasha took plush toys, came up with roles, situations (a store, "at the doctor's office", on the street, at a party, at the zoo and the like), beat them, developing an imaginary plot. And although my girl at that moment spoke only separate words, the game turned out and absorbed the daughter as a whole. And very, very soon I noticed that she was no longer following me tail, not asking to be entertained, but playing with pleasure herself.

How to teach your baby to play independently?

Kids games alone, two feelings interfere: a sense of insecurity and a feeling of self-doubt. To feel protected, it is necessary that the mother is constantly in sight. And in order to feel self-confidence, it is necessary that the mother all the time encouraged and praised ("How good you are doing! You're done!").
In order for the baby to play on his own, you need to show him how to do it. Therefore, at first we play with him for a while - in a variety of games and toys that are at home. We show all kinds of options (you can do this, or you can do that), experiment and, of course, fantasize.
Sometimes, when the baby is in difficulty, we help him choose a game, offer something. When buying a new toy or game, we also play together first.
It is not necessary to immediately break down and run when the child calls to play. If we are busy, we can calmly (and firmly) say: "I am busy, but I will definitely play with you when I am free." So we let him know that mom is a separate person with her own needs, and she too may have her own affairs.

By the way, playing enthusiastically, the child comprehends the world around him much deeper and more multifaceted than when performing "developmental" tasks, as he makes significant spiritual efforts and engages creative imagination. It is very important for the baby to experience various emotional states. Survive yourself, not learn from the pictures. He himself must learn to rejoice, empathize, care, be attentive and so on. Try on various social roles and look at the world from different points of view. Only then can its development be called full-fledged.

Most human abilities are formed in early childhood. The established fact is known that every child has a great intellectual potential from birth. Therefore, it is important that the child receives and assimilates new knowledge as early as possible, as this will help him develop certain abilities in himself, thereby making life and study easier in the future.

However, unfortunately, the child does not use the potential in full, but only a small part of it. Why it happens? Everything is very simple, we parents use outdated methods of education. Many scientists and psychologists argue that most children are able to use their natural potential and achieve high results that would previously be considered phenomenal.

Most educators find it easier to teach children from 3-4 years of age than seven-year-olds. Scientific studies have proven that learning is effective during human brain growth, that is, in early childhood. Early education of children is the basis of all the methods of early development of children that exist today.

Each parent should familiarize themselves with each of the methods and choose the appropriate one. The issue of choosing a technique is important enough for parents, since there are many development methods and each is effective in its own way. Geniuses are not born, they become. By combining the best of each methodology and applying it in practice, you can uncover the possibilities that nature has laid down in our baby, comprehensively develop and prepare him for adulthood. Consider the essence of the most common methods of early development of children.

Methods of the early development of Glen Doman.
The most controversial and most discussed methodology for the early development of children is the technique of Glenn Doman. This technique began in the 40s of the last century, when a military doctor, an American by birth, Glen Doman began to treat children with severe brain injuries. Such children were taught to read using cards on which different words were written in big red letters. At the same time as the cards were shown, the words written on them were also pronounced. These lessons were very short, 5-10 seconds, but there were several dozen such approaches per day. The result of this method of learning was that paralyzed children began to move a little, and then crawl, walk and run, as happens with ordinary healthy children. Therefore, Glen Doman made a simple, but at the same time brilliant conclusion that constant stimulation of vision contributes to the overall activation of brain activity.

After that, Doman began to apply his technique to healthy children. The technique is based on the use of cards to show a child from an early age, almost from birth. By the way, cards are presented with information on various areas - these are cards with points for counting, words written in red capital letters for reading, pictures depicting animals, scientists, natural phenomena, etc. Doman called these data cards "bits of information." Cards throughout the day are constantly shown to the child for a few seconds. Doman himself believed in his methodology very much and believed that it educates geniuses. And many teachers and psychologists agreed with him that visual impressions are very important for newborns.

However, this technique, like everything in our world, has its drawbacks. It does not give full development to children. A significant drawback is the child's passivity, since only his vision is occupied by active work. And kids, everyone knows this, love to touch an object of interest to them with their hands and "try everything to taste." And when she starts talking, then different questions cannot be avoided, which is not welcomed in Doman’s methodology, since the baby must sit and watch and listen carefully. Doman constantly compares the human brain with a perfect computer, for the successful operation of which it takes to download a good database. However, a living child is not a computer, it is not enough for him to know the numbers and facts, he needs to be able to correctly analyze and use them. A small child needs experience, spontaneous creativity, conversation, games and affectionate songs. Therefore, this technique not only does not guarantee the upbringing of brilliant children, but is also very laborious. Only one math class should be at least six times a day. As a result, parents devote all their time to lessons, and at night they have to prepare cards for new activities. But some of this technique can still be adopted, for example, classes with cards can be combined with reading your favorite book. If you are not one of those who are afraid of difficulties, and believe in the power of intelligence and encyclopedic knowledge, then the technique developed by Glen Doman for you.

Early Development Technique Cecile Lupan.
The technique of Glen Doman caused a lot of controversy and gave rise to other interesting methods, such as the Cecile Lupan system. She began to study with her daughters according to the developed technique of Glenn Doman. However, realizing that many of Doman’s tricks do not work with her children, she decided to slightly improve this technique, take something from others and bring her own. As a result, Cecile Lupan developed her training system, taking into account the reality of family life. Lupan's acting education has helped create many fun games. The Lupan methodology pays particular attention to teaching reading, which must be started right from birth. For example, hum an alphabet to a kid on the motive of his favorite song. In addition, visual interest must be supported by plates with the names of objects that need to be placed throughout the house. You need to draw them in red and black, that is, highlight the vowels in red. It is also necessary to constantly update these cards. For example, first the cards should familiarize the baby with the outside world, then the signs should show the actions. For example, showing the child the word “catch a cold”, you need to sneeze, and accompany the card with the word “fall” with a funny fall. However, for parents trying to maintain their status quo, this technique is not suitable. And those parents for whom it is possible to become a child for a while while communicating with their baby, can safely apply this technique. This technique is described in detail in Cecile Lupan's book “Believe in your child”, which gives parents confidence and encourages imagination and creation.

The method of early development N.A. Zaitseva.
This technique is also aimed at early reading instruction. For this, Zaitsev developed special cubes (different in weight, color, size, make different sounds) and tables that are designed to familiarize the child with the warehouses. The warehouse, according to Zaitsev, is a combination of vowels and consonants, from which the words of the Russian language consist. As a result, when the child speaks, he will not pronounce individual letters, but the combination of "ma", "pa", "ba". The essence of this technique is that the child’s education does not come from simple to complex (letter-syllable-word). The child is immediately provided with all the warehouses that are constantly shown to him, and he remembers them. That is, the child receives the entire teaching material (tables, cubes) as a whole. To ensure that children do not get tired in the classroom and do not experience discomfort, the tables are placed at a height of 170 cm from the floor. The child should work while standing, which has a positive effect on posture, large letters do not cause eye strain, the child constantly moves, and classes are exclusively in a playful way, when children sing syllables, clap their hands, jump and run. This technique eliminates all memorization and memorization. However, this technique also has its pitfalls. Since there are more than 200 warehouses, and there are only 33 letters in the alphabet, a child studying by this method receives ten times more information than a student using the traditional system. This method of teaching reading is directly opposed to the school system. From this we conclude that the child will need to learn to read the letter again. In addition, it will be much more difficult for such a child to do phonetic and word-formation word analyzes.

Waldorf pedagogy.
This teaching methodology is based on the philosophy of the scientist, teacher R. Steiner. The bottom line is that the aesthetic and spiritual development of the individual is of primary importance, and the child’s intelligence does not matter. Therefore, the basis of the methodology is observations of nature, creativity, crafts. In the centers of Waldorf teachings, children are engaged in modeling, playing various musical instruments, crafts, take part in theatrical productions, etc. Learning to read this technique recommends starting no earlier than twelve years of age. The main mentor in everything is the teacher who teaches all subjects and is the only source that provides knowledge. The training is carried out in the form of stories by the teacher and retelling by the students, while display and imitation are of primary importance. The Waldorf methodology also has its drawbacks. Some believe that this system creates an ideal environment that is far from reality. In addition, unjustified inhibition of the development of the child is carried out. And, finally, aesthetic education, which is emphasized in this method of teaching, infringes on the development of thinking and logic. But Waldorf pedagogy is necessary for those parents who have a hyperactive, irritable and aggressive child who is not self-confident, with a low concentration of attention. In Waldorf centers, one of the prerequisites is the creation of psychological comfort for children, in addition, the teachers in these centers are psychologically well trained.

This teaching methodology is completely unsuitable for parents who are very busy at work, because for classes you will need to sculpt clay, dough, sew dolls, and also do needlework. Children are the center of attention in this technique, and parents should adapt to them. Waldorf pedagogy does not suffer any acceleration in learning, as this will help to adversely affect the healthy development of the child.

Methods of early development of children of the Nikitins family.
This technique is similar to the teachings of R. Steiner. Their training system is based on labor, the natural development of the child, and proximity to nature. This method eliminates any coercion of the child to something, it is based on the cooperation of children and parents, in which the latter simply direct the child, not ahead of his development. The main thing in this system is the creation of comfortable conditions for the child, where the well-being and desires of the child are priority. The Nikitins never tried to teach their children everything as early as possible. But they noticed that in children earlier, those sides of intelligence develop for which advanced conditions are created. For example, for a baby who is just starting to speak, it is necessary to purchase cubes with numbers and a plastic alphabet. In addition, the Nikitins family developed many children's educational intellectual games. The difficulty level of the games is diverse. Therefore, this kind of games interest the child for many years. Due to the gradual complication of intellectual tasks, the child develops independently.

When practicing with a child according to the Nikitin method, it is necessary to adhere to the following:

it is forbidden to explain and prompt the child with solving problems;
it is forbidden to require the child to solve the problem on the first attempt;
it is impossible to demand and achieve that the child solves the problem on the first try, because he may simply not be ready and it takes time;
try to come up with new games together with your baby.

The Nikitin system is currently popular all over the world. The Japanese, for example, made this methodology the basic foundation for the work of kindergartens. In Germany, the Nikitins Institute was created. But the technique of the Nikitin family is not suitable for every child, since the humanitarian and aesthetic side is absent in it. However, the developmental games are really unique, all of them are described in the book with the same name "Intellectual Games".

Montessori Early Development Technique.
The main principles of the Maria Montessori methodology are learning in a playful way and doing the exercises independently. It is based on an individual approach to the child. The child independently chooses the material and duration of the lesson, that is, develops in an individual rhythm. The main goal of this technique is a developing environment, the creation of which arouses the desire in a child to show his individual abilities. Classes using the Montessori method differ from the traditional ones, as they allow the child to independently detect and correct the mistakes made. The role of the teacher is to guide the independent activities of the child, and not in learning. Montessori methodology promotes the development of attention, creative and logical thinking, memory, speech, imagination, motor skills. In addition, this technique pays special attention to collective games and tasks, which positively affects the development of communication skills, as well as the development of household activities, which affects the development of independence.

What development methodology to choose for your child is up to you. The main thing at the same time is to maintain a real outlook on things and not to set the child with impossible tasks for him.

The first years of life for a child are very important, because it was at this time that the foundations of intelligence, physical and emotional development were laid, he quickly mastered this world and learned to live in it. And it is extremely important to teach him all the early aspects of human activity, to influence the development of speech of young children and help the baby adapt in this difficult world.

To develop the physical characteristics of the child, parents can resort to the help of books in the field of early development of babies. The methodology of Boris and Elena Nikitin insists that it is worthwhile to develop the baby physically, since it naturally contains a huge number of opportunities that, if not developed, will simply fade away.

The baby has three reflexes:

Prehensile;
swimming reflex;
step reflex.

If you do not start and develop these reflexes in a child, then swimming and walking, and any other physical development will be given to the baby much easier. Nikitins also offer to introduce sports facilities in the home for preschool children, 4-6 years old. Be sure to use hardening and massage techniques.

Glen Doman also proposed a very interesting methodology for the development of children. Physical development, according to what Doman writes, should be systemic. It offers a series of exercises and a game that will affect all muscle groups on the body of a baby from 0 to 3 years. Doman believes that dynamic gymnastics is extremely important for kids.

Dynamic gymnastics for kids

Studies have shown that if a child from birth was engaged in such dynamic gymnastics, which is recommended by Doman, then very quickly children began to get ahead of their peers. We can say that physical exercises and coordination of the baby’s movements take an active part in intellectual development and become a stepping stone to an active knowledge of the world. If you will develop a child as Doman recommends, then you will quickly see the results of this technique in your crumbs.

Doman's technique includes a set of physical exercises:

on motor skills;
on manual skills;
to balance.

Emotional development

For a child from 0 to 3 years, the development of the emotional sphere is very important. Parents should pay maximum attention to this. Until a year and a half, the peanut will unconsciously master and adopt the behavior of parents, so it is very important that they were calm and peaceful.

The main stages of the emotional development of the child

The simplest method for developing the emotional sphere is to support and believe in your baby, as well as the full adoption of any of its features.

Tip: In order for the toddler to develop normally emotionally, parents should love him, be calm next to the baby and protect him from their own emotional differences.

You must openly show your love for the baby, accept it completely as it is. Try to ensure that only a good attitude is formed in the peanut, praise it and believe in it. Offer him tasks that he can perform and try to help him understand his feelings and desires, also explain that other people also have their feelings and desires and must be respected.

Give the child of preschool age freedom within the framework of the rational and let him act independently, take risks, make mistakes and gain experience.

Encourage his interest in games, music, movement, reading, drawing, so that the peanut gets good and positive emotions.

Games for the early development of children

Games for the early development of children should be simple, but each game should have a task that will be useful for the development of preschool children.

The first game enriches the children's motor experience and makes them want to play with their parents, but it also encourages independence and initiative in children. Put the children on highchairs; these will be houses. Say:

"Rain, rain,
Stop pouring you rain
Kids sit at home
Like birds in a cage.
The sun, the sun,
Shine a little light
The kids come out for a walk
They will start running and playing. ”

Children start to run, clap their hands, you can turn on the music and dance. Under the words of the educator “It started to rain again” the kids run to the houses.

The second game is aimed at positive emotions and development in general. Play with the kid in the usual locks, children from one to 3 years old are extremely amused when people first appear, then disappear.

Do not forget to play cubes with children 2-3 years old, collect a pyramid, draw with paints and crayons, play musical instruments. The game should be not only useful, but also pleasing to the baby.

The technique of Maria Montessori

The technique of Maria Montesori is mainly based on the fact that the peanut should have complete freedom of action. The crumb should be trained effortlessly, but at the same time he must perform all the exercises independently.

Of course, parents on the idea of \u200b\u200bthis program should help, but without interfering. The approach to the peanut should be individual and must take into account all the features of a preschool child. “Help me do it myself” is the principle of practicing the Montessori system.

In many cities there are kindergartens that are based on the Montessori methodology. For each baby, a development plan is developed in a special environment. The educator should organize the activities of the crumbs so that the potential receives maximum development.

Learn colors and develop motor skills.

You can create such a Montesori environment at home, as a result, a child from 0 to 3 years old will show his abilities in front of his parents, he will develop creative and logical thinking, memory, concentration, imagination and fantasy, as well as motor skills. You can start the lesson according to the principles of the Montesori technique from 8-10 months.

Nikitin Games

Games based on the principles of the Nikitin program allow you to develop a child’s intelligence based on transitions from simple to complex. At the same time, the principles of creative activity are used in the development and the features of a preschool child are taken into account.

From a very early age, children receive food for thought and the development of creative abilities by playing Nikitin's games. Also, this technique allows you to act in stages, creating steps for children that are slightly ahead of the development of children's abilities. Children will independently grow and develop, rising to the line of knowledge of this stage and then the next step will be waiting for them.

Fold the square game

All Nikitin’s games are varied and the peanut will never be bored, he will not need to be forced to do something, the kid will want to play himself. Moreover, Ira will encourage parents to keep themselves in control and not interfere with the baby to do something for himself, make decisions and face their consequences.

Cubes of Zaitsev

The early development of Zaitsev is based on cubes as visual aids. It can also be cards, tables, funny songs. All of these materials allow children to easily absorb the material during entertainment and play. The main principle of Zaitsev’s technique is learning by playing.

Reading on Zaitsev’s cubes. Speech therapist N. Pyatibratova

Zaitsev’s cubes allow children to read from the age of two. This warehouse method makes it easy and simple to teach your baby to read during the game. You can purchase sounding Zaitsev cubes, then the baby will independently develop word-forming creativity. You can start classes according to the Zaitsev technique from 1.5-2 years. The main thing is not to start classes with children when they reach preschool age.

Useful books

“We teach the child to read” Valery Marusyak offers parents a set of games and exercises that gradually raise the child to read and interest him in holding the book in his hands. This book is perfect for preschool children and for parents who do not like to rush things.

The book “Harmonious Child Development” describes in detail the unique system developed by Glen Doman. It is focused on the activities of parents and children, and parents should take the most active role in the development of the baby and his games, Doman thinks. The exercises developed by Doman stimulate memory and already in the first year of life, the baby has a rich knowledge base. Doman proposes to learn with the baby different facts from the fields of biology, geography, history and others, from the first months to learn letters, reading and counting.

The book "Believe in your child" Cecile Lupan is considered one of the most famous in the world, it offers the disclosure of the individual potential of the baby, turning learning into a game. You can learn to read through singing letters based on children's songs, Count - making simple riddles. Parents will not need to force the baby to engage, classes can be done when the crumbs have a mood, but do not forget about regularity.

Creating a family, young people assume great responsibility for each other, and when a small person appears, it is necessary to create all the necessary conditions for his life and development. Good nutrition and healthy sleep are very important for the crumbs, but do not forget that a successful future requires a harmonious early development of the child as a person.

Modern parents can choose their own ways of developing their baby, most of the techniques are described in detail on the virtual web, there are many books, but it is best to rely on their observations of the kids. You can easily determine what the peanut is inclined to and, based on this, you can make a choice in favor of one or another methodology of early development. Psychologists and pediatricians advise starting the active development of the baby with, it is at this age that the psyche and tactile perception of the world are formed.

For a child in infancy, the attention of parents is very important and it is at this time that it is easiest to put the necessary knowledge and skills into your baby to form a strong and strong-willed character. Scientists have long believed that it is best to start developing a child before attending kindergarten, but over the past twenty years this opinion has changed dramatically. Modern kids are more active and perfectly perceive interesting activities and educational programs in a playful way.

Based on the abilities of your baby, you can independently develop a training course based on the proposed modern programs, only parents can make the right choice. Be sure to note that it is best to start training programs from six months old, consciousness begins to form under the influence of impressions from the outside world, the brain is actively growing and absorbing more new information.

How to understand that the child is ready for learning?

All people are different, in fact, the kids do not develop the same way, someone starts to perceive music earlier, someone prefers games and learning letters and numbers, but there are basic parameters that will allow parents to determine the level of preparation of their little one. Child psychologists concluded that development should begin at the age of six months, and by this time the baby should have the following skills:

Children at this age begin to well perceive the sounds and speech of others, so try to tell all your actions, pronounce the names of animals and everything that surrounds the baby. Your baby will play various sounds, which will serve as a signal for you to begin active classes.

Analytical skills begin to form, the little ones respond very well to the name of objects and try to take their names.

Most of the children at this age are already sitting and begin to crawl actively, which indicates the proper functioning of the musculoskeletal system, but most importantly, you can begin to educate the child using sensory perception and physical activity.

The growing babies are very closely following the facial expressions and emotions of the people around them, due to this there is a correct emotional development, which will allow you to choose methods of development based on emotions.

Carefully observe your baby, analyze whether he has the necessary skills to start learning. Excessive stress will adversely affect the physical and emotional state of your baby, so it is important to choose the load in accordance with the development of the crumbs.

Today, there are many gadgets, games and additional ways that allow you to teach the little one to read and write, but it is best to choose a technique that combines emotional, psychological and physical aspects. Do not forget that the basics of behavior, laid from an early age, in the future will shape the character and personality of your baby. The main task of loving parents to invest all the best, but do not forget about the formation of attitudes towards negative acts. Any child should clearly understand what is “possible” and “impossible”.

What options for developmental programs exist?

Modern parents begin to choose training courses for their babies almost from birth, without thinking about the level of load on the children's psyche. The experts from various development centers will help you choose the right development methodology for your baby, however, if you don’t have such an opportunity, you can decide on the right program yourself. Below we will present the most popular methods for the development of preschool kids.

Techniques based on visual, emotional and tactile perception

A fairly popular today method of early development of babies is the theory of the doctor Maria Montessori, which is based on a tactile and visual perception of the world.

Main advantage This technique is that the child enters an interesting world that includes various aspects of life from nature to mathematics and music.

Quite successful teachers consider a way of developing a child’s visual perception, this dyenesh techniquewho offered a large set of objects of various shapes and colors. These items represent different environmental conditions, and a task list will allow parents to find a greater common language with their crumbs.

Another way to develop analytical skills in young children is to build interesting designersthat allow you to think creatively and calculate your actions. This technique was developed in Russia in early 1990 by the brilliant engineer Voskobovich, who subsequently offered a ton of different versions of fabulous designers for children from two years old.

This group can also include educational toys, which was developed by Nikitina's parents with many children, they offered the children cubes, circles, designers and puzzles of various colors of texture and shape. Thanks to the proposed training programs, you can quickly form an idea of \u200b\u200bthe world around the peanut.

The next group of educational trainings will help develop a child's love of music, reading and mathematics.

Older children need to be taught reading, and today there are two interesting programs developed Chaplyginoy and Zaitsev.

These two programs are based on reading by syllables, in each of the sets there are several cubes with letters, as well as a special block that forms syllables. It is much easier for a child to remember letters in the form of cubes, because he can associate them with different colors.

It’s very easy to develop musical talents in your babies with an interesting theory of the family ZheleznovThis training includes listening to classical and modern music, interesting dance games, as well as funny gestures that form not only hearing but also visual perception.

According to theory Quizinerait’s easiest to educate kids about counting and the smallest mathematical operations at an early age; he developed a set of multi-colored sticks of various lengths, which are associated with numbers with a toddler. Using these beautiful sticks, you can teach your baby to distinguish between where more and where less. It is quite difficult to perceive letters and numbers even for an adult child, however, the playful form and attractive colors make this process fun and comfortable.

The above learning theories are usually intended for children from a year and older, but there are theories that everything can be taught to the baby only up to three years. Advocates of this theory can be considered Tyulenev and the Ibuk method, they argue that using special toys and manuals you can teach a young child anything. These methods are contradictory, but despite everything give excellent results, so parents need to get acquainted with these training programs. It is important to remember that a small child perceives all information only in a visual way, and it is best to observe how the child relates to the information received in the initial training pairs.

A major role for the baby is played by the accompaniment of the entire process by the parents, you must be patient and take part in all the lessons or games of your child. Only together can the desired results be obtained. Having studied all the recommendations, in consultation with teachers and psychologists, you can make the right choice, but do not forget that the development of the child should be not only intellectual, but also physical. It is necessary to use several programs at the same time, thanks to this approach you can direct the abilities of your little one in the right direction and get a successful adult in the future.

What to choose if the baby is different from other kids!

Of course, all children need the correct formation of consciousness, but sometimes situations arise when a child is slightly different from his peers and lags behind in development. Despite the presence of unique technologies, various testing of abnormalities in the womb, babies are born with various pathologies and deviations of emotional and intellectual development.

Doman's technique

Parents who are faced with a similar situation should not despair, because Glen Doman proposed his own methodology for developing abilities in children with developmental disabilities. Doman is an outstanding neurophysiologist who has been observing children with intellectual disabilities for a long time and has offered his educational program, which contributes to the rapid rehabilitation of babies. The basis of the theory is that there are a large number of cards that demonstrate various aspects of life.

The presented pictures can depict animals, numbers, composers and poets, various political figures, in a word, everything that is connected with the everyday life of any person. Cards are shown to peanuts from six months several times a day by certain groups, gradually expanding groups and adding new cards to them.

Using this theory, you can significantly expand the horizons of the child, contributing to his emotional and intellectual development.

Having obtained excellent results with children with developmental problems, the methodology was slightly improved and adapted for teaching kids with a normal level of development.

Thanks to the efforts of Glen and his assistants, a large number of scientists and even Nobel laureates appeared in the world who, in the early years, were lagging behind in their development, so it is important for parents of special kids to pay attention to the proposed program. Parents should understand one important thing, the future of their child depends on how attentive they are to the development of his talents and skills.

Using modern technologies and various teaching methods, it’s quite simple to instill in your little one a love of music and creativity, to teach reading and counting, and also to take care of psychological and moral development.

It is important for the child to feel the support of their parents at any age, so try to spend as much time as possible together. You can get the best results only by starting any business together, the main thing to remember is that the future of the child depends on what parents will invest in it.

Every little man from birth has enormous potential. It is in the first years of his life that most of his future skills and abilities are formed, so an early start to education will help in the future to avoid problems with studies.

Scientists have proved that it’s much easier to teach a baby aged 3-4 years old than a seven-year-old child. At the Doman Institute, it was argued that using child development techniques during brain growth is most effective.

Active learning, begun almost during infancy, is the meaning of all the early development techniques developed by some prominent educators.

Most of these works are scientifically validated, and are often used by parents and teachers. To choose a method of development of the baby, you need to briefly familiarize yourself with each of them and choose the best for your child. The right choice will help to unleash the children's potential inherent in the genes, to comprehensively develop and prepare the child for future life.

Doman Cards

The system, invented by the American physician Glenn Doman, was originally intended for children with developmental delays. Noticing a good result, he decided to try to work out with healthy children, which ultimately brought even better results. You can apply this technique for the development of children up to a year, the optimal start of classes is from 6 months.

The system has several directions:

intellectual development - mathematics and reading;
perception and creative abilities - work with colors, shades;
character, upbringing;
knowledge about the world.

Doman claimed that all knowledge is based on facts. The more they are inherent in the human mind, the wider the base of his knowledge. The assimilation of real facts by a baby leads to the stimulation of his brain activity and the development of intelligence. Young children grasp new information very quickly and simply, so it needs to be presented correctly, clearly, and systematically.

The main material for training is cards on which images are placed on one side and accurate information on the other. Classes are held by people close to the child - mom, dad, grandmother. Both the kid and the teacher should be in a good mood. All actions are performed in a game form.

Cards are shown one by one for 3-5 seconds, so that the child draws every attention. A longer examination of the card may lead to a loss of interest.

After each “lesson” a child must be praised in order to motivate him to new knowledge and achievements. Repeat classes should be 3 times a day, they should be short so as not to overwork the baby. Materials must be replenished daily with several new pictures. The key to success is regularity and systematic training.

The method of Doman helps the full development of the baby, positively affects his intelligence and memory. The opportunity to practice almost from birth gives an excellent start for brain activity and lays a solid foundation for the successful education of the child in the future.

The technique of Maria Montessori

The world-famous Italian teacher and doctor Maria Montessori has created an original and very effective methodology for the early development of children from 0 to 3 years old and older. It is best to start classes with children from 8-10 months.

The basis of the technique is the freedom of the child.

The motto of the system: "Help me do it myself."

The main principle is independence of the baby.

The teacher or parents must establish order, show, explain and observe, while not interfering with the child’s assignments at his own pace. The technique distinguishes in the process of growth and development of the baby age-related sensitivity, referred to as sensitive periods, in accordance with which training should be conducted.

The system consists in creating an environment around the child in which he can find all the necessary items for self-development and self-education. Indeed, it is just from the world around him that the baby absorbs the correct ways of behavior, physical interaction and emotional response. This methodology for the development of children requires the availability of practical materials to improve existing skills and learn new ones. The material includes liner frames, needlework kits, toys with laces and clasps, geometric figures, letters made from rough paper and many other items.

Today, kindergartens and early development groups work in many cities, where they work with children according to the Montessori method. If you plan to send your baby to such a kindergarten, then find out if it belongs to the Montessori Teachers Association and how classes are held with the children. An appropriate environment has been created here, there are all the necessary items, materials and manuals. The approach to each child is individual. The same environment can be created at home so that mom has the opportunity to deal with the baby on her own.

Montessori system helps the baby to become more attentive, independent and confident. Develops his motor skills, sensory skills, memory, imagination, imaginative, logical and creative thinking. The child reveals his inner potential, shows individual abilities. At the same time, he becomes a person with his own, no-one imposed opinion and outlook on life.

Cubes of Zaitsev

The teacher Nikolay Zaitsev has developed a methodology for the development of preschool children from 3 to 7 years, which is called "Zaitsev's Cubes." According to this system, you can deal with young children, from 1.5-2 years.

The development method is based on visual aids. These are various cubes, tablets, cards, and also songs. The cubes differ among themselves in the colors, sizes, and sounds that they make. Syllables are written on each face, and nothing more. The warehouse theory of teaching reading gives a much better result than if you start to learn letters first, then learn to fold them into syllables, and then into words.

The sound of the cubes helps to learn to distinguish between vowels and consonants, soft and sonorous sounds, so it will be easier for the baby to learn to read. Syllables are easier to learn than letters, despite the fact that there are many more. The absence of other images is due to the fact that in the usual alphabet of kids, colorful pictures that cause unnecessary associations can distract.

Material must be presented in a playful way. With a child it is necessary to engage regularly, systematically, in every way awakening his interest in classes. When the kid learns syllables, you can gradually translate the reading skill into a letter.

Children who are taught to read by the method of Zaitsev, already by 3-4 years old show excellent results. The main advantages of this system, in addition to teaching reading, is the development of logical thinking, the expansion of the vocabulary, and the absence of speech therapy defects. In the future, the child will competently speak and write.

In addition to the above, there are many other methods for the development of children from year to year, from 3 years old, and so on. They are with a certain focus and comprehensively developing. In addition to intellectual, you should remember about the physical development of the baby. For example, take the child to the pool or to dance.

Each baby is individual, so parents should choose the system that is most suitable for his character and temperament.

Also, the choice depends on what you would like to teach him. But, remember, no matter what method you practice, it will definitely give a good result and help the child in the future.