Teenager. Dostoevsky F. M. - “The Teenager of F. M. Dostoevsky - a book about the eternal problem of fathers and children, written at the change of eras

In his notes, Arkady Makarovich Dolgoruky (teenager) talks about himself, as well as about his life, and those people who were in his life.

In his first entries, he wrote that he was twenty years old, and that he was a high school student who graduated from this institution in Moscow. But he decided to postpone entering the university, since he had long had many plans that he wanted to implement. And this took time. One of his ideas, which had been in his mind for many years, was to acquire lots and lots of money, so that he could become a Rothschild, a fabulously rich man. Since he really wanted to become more powerful and be independent. But he didn’t know how to communicate with people very well, and therefore it always seemed to him that they were laughing at him. Since he was illegitimate, he suffered a lot because of this. He came to St. Petersburg at the invitation of his father, and entered the service there. When he saw his own father, he changed his mind about him and began to admire him.

After all, as it turned out, his father had everything that his son would always want to have - money, power, wealth and position, and in addition - the father had the character that his son would like to have.

All these moments in the life of his father and Arkady changed the teenager himself, because in that part of his life when he lived with his own father, he learned a lot - he saw real life, all the real problems. I began to truly understand in real life the character of people, and their motives, more hidden.

Picture or drawing Teenager

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The works of such a famous classic as Fyodor Dostoevsky, a thinker of modern Russian classics, have not yet lost their relevance. On the contrary, they are becoming increasingly interested not only in the circles of researchers of Fyodor Mikhailovich’s work, but also among young people and people of the older generation. Dostoevsky's novel "The Teenager" was written in 1875 and was published in the journal "Otechestvennye zapiski" of the same year. The nature of this work is such that, willy-nilly, you will think not only about the abstract meaning of life, but about your own situation, your state of mind today. The novel really makes you think deeply about your life, and besides, it also helps you feel like a searching and thinking person. This is the influence a novel has on the millions of minds that read it.

The very first idea that catches the eye of the reader analyzing the work is, perhaps, the author’s desire to reflect the relationship between fathers and children, their problems and ways out of problematic situations. And not only in private, but also on a larger scale - for example, the relationship between generations of fathers and children. Also, the theme of religion and man’s attitude to spiritual values is competently and successfully woven into the novel.

So, the development of relationships, for the most part, occurs between two heroes - this is the teenager Arkady Makarovich Dolgoruky (Arkady's last name was his formal father) and his father Andrei Petrovich Versilov. The main character, teenager Arkady, is nineteen years old. By modern standards, at this age people are already considered to be in their youthful years, and not in adolescence. But F.M. Dostoevsky sees him as a teenager quite reasonably, because everyone around him considered Arkady to be such. He was very indignant about this, saying: “What a teenager I am! Do they really grow at nineteen?”

By his age, Arkady has already graduated from the Moscow gymnasium, but he does not want to go further to study. Instead, he decided to realize his cherished dream - to become the richest man, such as Rothschild. “Why did he want wealth?” - you ask. And the answer will be this - he really wanted to be powerful and live a solitary life. “Why such a seemingly insane desire,” the reader involuntarily thinks. But the whole point was that Arkady had problems communicating with people. He always felt like they were laughing at him and he looked stupid. His character, as is typical of all teenagers, was prone to pride, pride and expansive radicalism.

So, after graduating from high school, Arkady moves to St. Petersburg, where his father Versilov invited him to find a job, or as it used to be called “enter the service.” His mother, Sofya Andreevna, and his sister, Elizaveta Andreevna, also live in St. Petersburg. Father Versilov very actively preached Russian culture, all kinds of ideas of the spirituality of the Russian nobility, “world citizenship” and “all-reconciliation of ideas.” Of course, such a person will serve as a significant authority for Arkady and occupy a major place in his life. After all, Versilov in the eyes of a teenager was not just a father, but also an ideological inspirer.

However, despite this attitude towards Versilov, Arkady still fell under the influence of gossip about his father. Therefore, he goes to St. Petersburg with some kind of internal tension and the task of finding out whether Versilov actually committed all those vile acts that people’s rumor attributed to him. And having arrived, Arkady enters the service as a secretary to Nikolai Ivanovich Sokolsky, who was previously a friend of Versilov. Having served not at all for a long time, Arkady leaves Sokolsky in his next outburst of pride and wounded pride, because Sokolsky’s daughter accused him of espionage.

And then two letters fall into Arkady’s hands. One of which is a notification that the inheritance lawsuit with the Sokolskys, which Versilov won, may be reviewed and the decision will clearly not be in favor of Arkady’s father. And the second letter was from Sokolsky’s daughter, Katerina Nikolaevna, and spoke about her father’s dementia and that he needed care. Such content of the letter could greatly anger Sokolsky and turn him against his daughter. Arkady, however, was not at a loss and hid the second letter.

Useful for young people

The story is about a teenager who wanted to develop his relationship with his father. After violent scandals and experienced moral shocks main character calms down his proud character and acquires life wisdom. A very philosophical and realistic story.

Further events and the scandal surrounding Versilov and Lydia Akhmakova, who bore him an illegitimate child, finally stunned Arkady. Moreover, he personally witnessed the scandal over Versilov. Arkady is devastated. He understands that his father, whom he almost idolized, is a dishonest man, a secret corrupter and a scoundrel. Therefore, Arkady decided to tell his father everything and leave him. But after some time he is convinced of the opposite, that Versilov is not guilty of anything and Arkady calms down. Father and son now finally have a close relationship.

After some time, Arkady became addicted to gambling and plays roulette. And, of course, he loses a lot. But one day he found out that his half-sister Anna Andreevna was going to marry Sokolsky and that she was very interested in his inheritance. And in order to solve everything in her favor, she is looking for any incriminating evidence on Sokolsky’s daughter. But he did not immediately tell her anything about the letter, which he still kept. After many events in a drunken delirium, he tells about this letter to his old friend Lambert, who also decided to weave his networks around the opportunity to warm his hands on Sokolsky’s money.

Makar Ivanovich Dolgoruky, Arkady’s formal father, is woven into all these intricacies around profit and meanness. He was a very well-behaved and wise old man who collected alms for the construction of the temple. During the moments of wise and edifying conversations for Arkady with Makar Ivanovich, life-giving light poured into the young soul of the young man. A little later, Makar Ivanovich dies. Versilov's father abandons his family and runs to his long-time passion Akhmakova, Sokolsky's daughter, who rejects him. And Akrkadia finally decides to take revenge on Akhmakova for her heartfelt bullying of Versilov. He goes to Lambert to discuss a plan for revenge using the surviving letter.

Lambert, having gotten the poor teenager drunk, steals the letter from him and, together with Versilov, lures Akhmakova to Tatyana Pavlovna, Arkady’s aunt. The repentant teenager finds out about this and rushes headlong towards her to stop Lambert's plan. Arriving at the place, he finds the following picture: Lambert, threatening with a revolver and a letter, demanded money from Akhmakova. The outcome of such a tense situation is decided by one strange act of Versilov, who suddenly turns out to be lurking behind the door. He grabbed the revolver from Lambert. I decided to shoot Akhmakov first, but then I decided to shoot myself, planning to shoot in my own heart. Arkady rushed to save his father, Trishatov helped him. Versilov still shoots in the struggle, but hits himself in the shoulder.

However, despite this attitude towards Versilov, Arkady still fell under the influence of gossip about his father. Therefore, he goes to St. Petersburg with some kind of internal tension and the task of finding out whether Versilov actually committed all those vile acts that people’s rumor attributed to him. And having arrived, Arkady enters the service as a secretary to Nikolai Ivanovich Sokolsky, who was previously a friend of Versilov. Having served for not a long time, Arkady leaves Sokolsky in his next fit of pride and wounded pride, because Sokolsky’s daughter accused him of espionage.

Useful for young people

The story is about a teenager who wanted to develop his relationship with his father. After violent scandals and experienced moral upheavals, the main character calms down his proud character and acquires life wisdom. A very philosophical and realistic story.

The composition of the novel “Teenager” is based on the same laws of “expressive art” by which all “tragedy novels” of Dostoevsky are built. We find in it a concentration of action around the main character, a dramatic development of the plot and entertaining techniques. But the writer does not repeat himself: the compositional scheme developed in “Demons” is rethought and acquires new artistic meaning. The epigraph to the novel could be the words of Hamlet: “The connection of times has fallen apart.” Humanity left God and remained alone on earth. Along with the idea of God, the idea also disintegrated unity of the world . Humanity no longer constitutes a single family, everyone has become isolated, fraternal communication has been replaced by hostility, harmony has been replaced by “disorder.”

Dostoevsky. Teenager. Audiobook. Part 1

In previous novels, the author depicted the fate of a man in “times of troubles” (Raskolnikov, Prince Myshkin, Stavrogin); he was preoccupied with the problem of a strong personality who had lost God and fallen out of the old Christian world order. In brilliant symbols he showed his terrible freedom and tragic loneliness. In "The Teenager" he poses the question not of the individual, but of human society. Can humanity get along on earth without God? This religious and social idea predetermines the construction of the novel. The crisis of communication is shown in the organic cell from which society grows - in the family. The novel is conceived in the form of a “family chronicle.” Just as in “The Possessed,” the action is concentrated around the hero, but Versilov’s personality is revealed differently than Stavrogin’s personality. The hero of “Demons” is connected with other characters only ideologically; Versilov's personality includes the entire history of his family; she is conciliar . Stavrogin – ideological center novel; Versilov – center of life . He is an ancestor, father and husband. His tragic fate determines the fate of his double family, his split goes into the split of his children. The principle of concentrating action around the hero receives a new, deeper justification. The characters are connected with Versilov by natural blood ties: they are his children or relatives. Shatov, Kirillov, Pyotr Verkhovensky - embodied ideas of Stavrogin; Arkady, Liza, Anna Andreevna are parts of Versilov’s soul, flesh of his flesh. The conflicts of “Demons” are expressed in the struggle of students with the teacher; The conflicts of “Teenager” are in the discord between father and children. An ideological drama turns into a family tragedy.

In the complex counterpoint of the novel, several plots can be distinguished, arranged in degrees of decreasing significance. The main plot, Versilov's love life, splits into two motives: love for his wife and passion for Akhmakova; the second plot, the life story of a teenager, is inextricably intertwined with the first. The son's life is functionally dependent on the father's life and is determined by love-hate, attraction and repulsion. Next come two minor plots: the connection between Versilov’s daughter, Liza, with the young Prince Sokolsky and the intrigue of his other daughter, Anna Andreevna, with the old Prince Sokolsky. The father's split feelings are reflected in love life daughters: the novels of Liza and Anna Andreevna enter into the fate of Versilov, revealing its conciliar nature. In the third plan are occasional faces captured by the centripetal force of the Versilov family. They all help develop the action and, through their participation, lead it to disaster. Such instruments of intrigue are Aunt Tatyana Pavlovna, Zverev, Kraft, Vasin, Lambert and his entourage, Dergachev and his circle, Olya and her mother. Thus, the family principle organizes the huge human world of the novel. The split in Versilov’s soul is the spark that ignites a flame in his family: it spreads to society and engulfs it in fire.

The novelist's art is manifested in the techniques of combining and interweaving four plots and several episodes. The novel consists of three parts: the first is devoted to the exposition and the first stage of the struggle between father and son. It ends with the complete victory of Versilov. The second shows us his spiritual appearance and leads us to the secret of his passion for Akhmakova. Developing in parallel love stories his two daughters. In the third, on the eve of the catastrophe, the figure of the wanderer Makar Dolgoruky is introduced. This image of spiritual beauty is contrasted with the chaos of a disintegrated world.

The principle of dramatic construction also acquires in the novel new strength. The unity of time is carried out with amazing consistency and is emphasized by chronological definitions. All the various events of the first part fit into three days, “September 19, 20 and 21 of last year.” The events of the second part take place over three days: November 15, 16 and 17.” Finally, the disaster in the third part also takes “three fateful days.” In no other novel by Dostoevsky are time boundaries so clearly defined: the chaotic world of passions and events is introduced into a strictly defined framework; Not only days are calculated, but sometimes even minutes. The reader has a clock before his eyes, and in comparison with mathematical time, he can judge the rapid rhythm of the action.

The unity of the novel is dynamic: the main plot, Versilov’s passion for Akhmakova, creates the prevailing tension: other plots accompany it, like smaller waves following larger ones. The writer knows that the power of the catastrophe is proportional to the duration of the tension and tries to distance the beginning from the denouement as much as possible. Thus, the beginning of the Versilov-Akhmakov motif is given in the mysterious hints of the second chapter of the first part, and its end is given at the very end of the novel. This love-hate runs as a hidden tension throughout the entire novel, either completely disappearing from our field of vision, or announcing itself with mysterious hints, strange actions and ambiguous words. Akhmakova always stands in the distance, as if hidden by thick fog. The lovers meet only once before the disaster. But Versilov’s passion occupies and disturbs our imagination all the time: we feel it as a terrible mysterious force that manifests itself in dull underground tremors. The tie and the release are the two tips of the bow, between which the bowstring is stretched: the further they are spaced from each other, the longer and more tense the bowstring and the farther the arrow will fly. Other plots have a shorter bowstring and a weaker shot: we begin to guess about Lisa’s romance with the young Prince Sokolsky at the end of the first part; it ends long before the final catastrophe. The tension of the intrigue between the old prince and Anna Andreevna is even weaker: it begins only in the second part and ends before the denouement of the main plot. Dostoevsky's dynamic composition can be compared to a series of waves running towards the shore. The most powerful wave begins to grow earlier than others, breaks later and with greater strength: smaller waves with their explosions precede the roar of her fall. Thus, partial catastrophes prepare the main one and are associated with it in dynamic unity.

This unity subordinates the entire complex diversity of external action. Versilov's passion for Akhmakova hangs like a rock, not only over his beloved, but also over all the characters. The feeling of fear for the hero and for his entire world intensifies with each chapter of the novel. The more we get to know him, the deeper we penetrate into his split consciousness, the more clearly we understand that he is capable of madness and crime. The author is not content with our psychological confidence in the inevitability of a catastrophe: he resorts to a hackneyed technique of a criminal novel: the teenager keeps a “document” that incriminates Akhmakova. If Versilov manages to take possession of it, he can destroy her: the external interest of the intrigue supports our anxiety for the fate of the heroes. The history of this fatal letter, its ordeal, the struggle for it, its abduction by Lambert, Versilov’s participation in this intrigue and the catastrophe caused by it create the second, adventurous outline of the novel. Spiritual discord between father and son is reduced to a base struggle for a document; Versilov's passion for Akhmakova is associated with an attempt at blackmail. Dostoevsky is not afraid to sometimes sacrifice artistry for the sake of “entertainment” and he achieves his goal. In terms of the variety of incidents, the diversity of characters, the intensity of passions and the effect of collisions, “The Teenager” is the most fascinating of all Dostoevsky’s novels.

The main character is mysterious and his past is shrouded in darkness. At the beginning of his autobiography, the teenager says about Versilov: “This man, who so impressed me from childhood, who had such a profound influence on the disposition of my entire soul and even, perhaps, infected my entire future for a long time, this man is even now extremely a lot remains for me completely a mystery " The son knows that his father was expelled from society for some “scandalous act”, that a year ago, in Germany, the young Prince Sokolsky slapped him in the face. A teenager takes on the task of solving Versilov's riddle. “I absolutely must find out the whole truth as soon as possible,” he says, because I came to judge this man.” The exposition of “The Teenager” is parallel to the exposition of “Demons”: both here and here the riddle of the hero is posed; but the difference that changes the entire ideological meaning of the novel is that Stavrogin is solved by strangers, while Versilov is studied and judged by his own son. The first are driven by ideological interest, the second by blood ties and common destiny.

The incidents in The Teenager are even more surprising and strange than the events in The Possessed. The whole catastrophe is built on a sudden and surprising combination of circumstances: Versilov breaks the image, the teenager decides to return the document and discovers that it is missing; Lambert blackmails Akhmakova, Versilov defends her and wants to shoot her; Anna Andreevna kidnaps the prince and brings him to the teenager’s apartment, etc. In no other Dostoevsky novel does the “whirlwind of events” rage as furiously as in “The Teenager.”

One of the novels that F.M. Dostoevsky wrote is “Teenager”, summary will help you get a general idea of the classic work. The novel is divided into three parts, and they are divided into chapters. The essence of each is given very briefly below.

F.M. Dostoevsky, “Teenager”: chapter-by-chapter summary

Part one:

Chapter 1. It tells about the parents of the main character Arkady Dolgoruky (aka the Teenager), a 19-year-old high school graduate, and the story of his birth. The young man is the illegitimate son of the nobleman Versilov. His mother, yard worker Sofya Andreeva, being married to her equal Makar Ivanovich Dolgoruky, sinned with the master, the relationship with whom continued throughout her life. Arkady was not raised at home and hardly knew his mother.

Chapter 2. Arkady's service with Prince Sokolsky in St. Petersburg. Receiving your first salary. Meeting his half-sister, as well as the prince's daughter.

Chapter 3. Arkady’s purchase of a home album in morocco cover with his first salary. Meeting with comrades, discussing the Russian people and their role.

Chapter 4. Arkady learns from Kraft a story from a year and a half ago, in which his father does not appear in the best light.

Chapter 5. The main character continues to harbor the idea of becoming a Rothschild in an honest way, continuously accumulating money. He denies himself everything, proud of his willpower. He wants to distribute the accumulated wealth to the poor.

Chapter 6. Arkady has a conflict with his father. The teenager recalls his humiliation at the boarding school, where he was insulted because of his illegitimacy.

Chapter 7. Versilov tries to find out from Arkady the fate of the letter that he needs to receive the inheritance. The young man has it, but he doesn’t admit it.

Chapter 8. Arkady wants to fight with his father’s offender, but the duel did not take place. He also learns that Kraft shot himself after overhearing a conversation between Tatyana Pavlovna and Akhmakova, who allegedly gave birth to Versilov.

Chapter 9. Arkady meets Olya, who came to Versilov to return his money. He gave them to her after learning about the plight, but the girl realized that the donor’s intentions were not pure and did not take them. In the same chapter, Olya’s suicide occurs. Arkady gives the letter to his father as an inheritance.

Chapter 10. Arkady learns that his father refused the inheritance, and is proud of him. Meet Sergei Sokolsky.

Part two

Chapter 1. Sergei Sokolsky becomes a friend of Arkady and gives him money. Arkady has forgotten his idea, is basking in luxury, experiencing pangs of conscience. He made peace with his father.

Chapter 2. Arkady takes 300 rubles from Sergei to pay for Versilov’s inheritance.

Chapter 3. Arkady is offered 2 thousand so that he does not interfere with the marriage of Sergei Sokolsky and Versilov’s daughter (the protagonist’s half-sister) Anna Andreevna. Arkady's maternal sister Lisa warns that Anna Andreevna has unclean intentions.

Chapter 4. Arkady tells Akhmakova that the letter compromising her no longer exists and decides to actually destroy it.

Chapter 5. Arkady's visit to his mother. An attempt to return 300 rubles taken from Sokolsky. Meeting with my father and confessing to him my immaturity, my inability to distinguish good from evil.

Chapter 6. Arkady plays roulette. A thief steals part of the money he won. The main character learns that his sister Lisa is pregnant from Prince Sokolsky.

Chapter 7. Lisa looks happy. Sergei Sokolsky proposed to her. Anna Andreevna, whom he was planning to marry earlier, refused him. She plans to marry old Sokolsky.

Chapter 8. Arkady plays roulette with Sokolsky and wins. He is accused of theft. The prince renounces him.

Chapter 9. Arkady was injured and fell into unconsciousness. They save him, but he is sick. The main character blurts out his secrets to comrade Lambert, who found him after falling on the street.

Part three

Chapter 1. Arkady's acquaintance with his formal father - the wanderer Makar Ivanovich. The disease continues. There is a desire to also travel with the old man.

Chapter 2. Lisa is proud of Sokolsky’s actions, which landed him in prison. Arkady's meeting with the mother of the deceased Olya. Arkady is increasingly happy about meeting Makar Ivanovich. Their ideals are similar.

Chapter 3. Arkady's recovery. His conversations about religion and other high things with Makar Ivanovich.

Chapter 4. Vasin, who was reported by the prince, wants to marry Lisa, but she does not agree. Makar Ivanovich feels his death approaching and asks Versilov to marry his official wife when she becomes widowed.

Chapter 5. Anna Andreevna decides to independently obtain the document that Arkady is hiding.

Chapter 6. Makar Ivanovich died.

Chapter 7. Arkady visits his father's house and finds a portrait of his mother there. From this he concludes that Versilov truly loves his mother.