Seven tips to help your child grow. We develop a baby from the first days of life: advice to parents How to develop a baby at 1

From a tiny lump, he turned into an independent person. But he still has a lot to learn. Often parents ask themselves what a child can do at 1 year old and how their baby develops. By the age of one year, most children should have mastered a set of skills, which you will learn about in our article.

Physical development of a child at 1 year

The pace of the baby's physical development after 12 months begins to slow down. The growth and weight of the baby will no longer increase as quickly as it did in the first months of life. It is necessary to register these indicators every 1-3 months to make sure that the development of the child does not deviate from the norm.

Table of weight and height of a child from 1 year to 2 years by month

Month	Girl		Boy
Month	Height	The weight	Height	The weight
12 (1 year)	73,8	9,5	75,5	10,3
13 (1 year 1 month)	75,0	9,8	76,8	10,6
14 (1 year 2 months)	76,1	10,1	78,0	10,9
15 (1 year 3 months)	77,2	10,3	79,0	11,1
16 (1 year 4 months)	78,3	10,6	80,0	11,3
17 (1 year 5 months)	79,3	10,8	81,0	11,5
18 (1 year 6 months)	80,3	11,0	82,0	11,7
19 (1 year 7 months)	81,3	11,2	83,0	11,9
20 (1 year 8 months)	82,2	11,4	83,9	12,1
21 (1 year 9 months)	83,1	11,6	84,7	12,2
22 (1 year 10 months)	84,0	11,7	85,6	12,4
23 (1 year 11 months)	84,9	11,9	86,4	12,6
24 (2 years)	85,8	12,1	87,3	12,7

The parameters of height and weight may not fit into the norm, it can be both a lag in growth and an advance of the parameters averaged by pediatricians. Each child grows and matures on its own schedule. It is possible to speak about a violation of the pace of development only when the child has an abnormally low or high height / weight in comparison with his peers.

The main points on increasing the height and weight of the baby by one year, how many times a one-year-old child eats and what skills he begins to master at this age are also discussed in this video:

Proportionality body

The appearance of the baby changes more than the size of the body every year. The largest parts of the body of a one-year-old baby are the head and tummy, which is protruding forward. The face has a rounded, soft outline. The arms and legs of the child relative to the body are short, soft, without a hint of muscularity.

Increased head volume

The head circumference at this age reaches 46.6 cm and by one and a half years it increases to 47.9-48 cm.During the second year of life, the volume of the head can increase by 2.5 cm. By the age of two years, the size of the baby's head will be almost 90% of the standard size of the head of an adult.

Number of teeth

This indicator is more dependent on heredity. The abundance of calcium in the body is also of great importance. On average, the figure can vary from 4-6 to 10 erupted teeth. It is important that the infant's diet contains dairy products (breast milk, baby curd, kefir), as well as vitamin D.

On a note! The pediatrician can assess the physical development of a child at one year on the basis of proportionality, which is taken into account along with the weight and length of the body. In a well-built baby, the chest circumference is larger than the head circumference by a number of centimeters equal to the child's age.

Differences in the development of boys and girls per year

According to the standard WHO data, the parameters of height and weight differ in children of different sexes. You can compare indicators from one year to two years by month using the table above. Growth and weight per year according to the WHO average data in one-year-old babies are as follows:

Boys. Weight - from 10.0 kg to 10.9 kg. Height - from 75.3 to 78 cm.
Girls. Weight - from 9.0 kg to 10.6 kg. Height - from 74.0 to 77.4 cm.

As for skills, boys and girls develop them in about the same way, although, according to the observations of experts, girls may start speaking earlier. Also, some research suggests that boys are more active and mobile in games, but this difference is not very significant.

First achievements - what skills the child learns by the year

Knowing what skills the baby should master by 12 months, parents will be able to better understand their child and come to his aid in case of difficulties. It is worth remembering: the more difficult the skill, the longer it will take to master it. For example, a baby can take the first steps both at 11 and at 15 months. If you notice the prerequisites for a child to master new skills, then real successes are not far off.

Table of the development of basic skills in a child at 1 year old
Hearing	Recognizes the sounds of objects (washing machine, clock, phone) and simple melodies; tries to imitate the sounds (the car is driving - "zhzh") and the voices of animals (the cow hums - "muuu").
Speech	Pronounces about 10 words (including babbling); simulates sounds from the environment.
Motor skills	Takes independent steps without support; squats and bends.
The game	He looks at his reflection in the mirror with interest; draws short strokes and dots on paper; at the request of an adult, he can show parts of his body.
Emotions	Treats others differently; reacts to the word “no”; begins to empathize.
Social development	The child understands and fulfills simple requests (give / take); points a finger at an object of interest; holds a cup of water and drinks from it; inserts feet into shoes.

Child's speech at 1 year old

From a year old, a kid begins to understand literally everything that an adult tells him. The responsiveness of the child disposes to communicate with him. With a one-year-old baby, you can gradually learn to name objects, colors, body parts, without replacing their correct name with “childish” language. By setting an example of correct speech from a young age, you can help your child learn to pronounce words with a minimum of difficulty.

The main points of the development of speech at a given age:

He points with his finger objects or pictures in the book that his parents call him (“where is the ball?”, “Show the dog!”).
Pronounces a few simple words (by 15-18 months);
Follows simple instructions and requests (“let's go have breakfast”, “bring a doll”);
Tries to repeat the words he heard;
Expresses denial by twisting his head (“no”).

It may take a while before you learn to understand your child, including his gestures. Remember, you should never laugh at your toddler's speech mistakes, even if they seem funny to you. The pronunciation will gradually improve, you just need to be patient and attentive to your child.

Not without difficulties: crisis of 1 year of life

At twelve months, the child begins to show a "crisis of negativism", which manifests itself in full by the age of two. Its existence can be guessed by some signs:

the baby demonstrates disobedience, stubbornness, becomes uncontrollable;
the child's behavior is contradictory, it is impossible to predict it;
the desire for independence and independence is clearly expressed.

The fact is that during the second year of life the child is in a constant desire to take independent steps, but at the same time keep his mother close to him. He can move away from the parent and test his abilities and skills “in action”. But the thought that he is a separate independent person scares the kid. He needs care and warmth to a large extent, especially when the child is tired, offended, or does not feel well.

How to deal with infant emotional instability?

Provide your child with physical contact as often as possible. Your goal is to strengthen his sense of security and well-being. Sit nearby, hug, be attentive to the baby's mood. React when he is happy and when he is upset. Support and the necessary discipline will help the child get past a difficult period.

Important! Explaining the rules of conduct or punishing a baby a year is completely useless. The child simply will not understand you, and regular such actions will lead to anger and aggression on his part. The best way to help a one-year-old baby regain self-confidence is to provide him with the support and attention he needs.

We also recommend watching a video with the experience of a young mother, who talks about the achievements of her one-year-old baby:

5 useful activities for a one-year-old baby

The main goal of playing with a child at the age of one year is communication and pleasure. The kid needs to express his emotions, develop dexterity and hand motor skills. It is better to put educational aids aside for now, do not overload the intellect with them. The child will be able to master knowledge with the help of a strong base in the form of skills, which must first be created.

Water games

Kids love to splash in the water, that's a fact. To combine business with pleasure, arrange water games a couple of times a week. Pouring water from a glass into a glass, floating ducklings, a water construction set with suction cups and squeaking toys / sprinklers - all this will bring a lot of pleasure to the mother and child and contribute to the development of the baby's skills.

Simple applications

Applications help develop imagination, fine motor skills and perseverance. Cut simple geometric shapes from colored paper - circles, squares, triangles. Show your kid how a rectangle and two circles will make a car. Having lightly smeared with glue stick, invite the baby to stick the nose or ears of the bear. Such simple activities with a parent will bring a lot of positive emotions to the baby.

Sensors with bulk materials

A one-year-old child is just beginning to get acquainted with various materials, developing his perception of sensations. A good way to develop sensory perception is playing with rump. Start small: put cereals or small pasta in baby food jars, let the child shake them. It will be more interesting if you add food coloring to each jar. You can also play with semolina - distribute the cereals on a tray and paint with your baby with your fingers on it.

Learning to sculpt

A great way to develop your baby's fine motor skills is to let him play with a piece of regular dough. Show your kid how to crumple the dough in a lump. Making small movements with the hands and fingers, the child develops dexterity, stimulates the development of brain activity.

Interesting! Salted dough is also suitable for classes. It is very simple to make it: you need to mix 200 g of flour, 200 g of salt, 125 ml of water and 2 tbsp. vegetable oil. The first "handicrafts" of the baby or a handprint on the dough can be dried in the air and saved as a keepsake.

A very good video - finger gymnastics for kids. Helpful for your baby's development:

We read fairy tales

At one year old, the kid will not be able to keep his attention on the book and listen to it, but he will certainly pay attention to the vivid illustrations. Meet simple fairy tales - "Kolobok", "Teremok", "Chicken Ryaba". The child will gradually memorize the characters, and after a year and a half he may try to reproduce a fragment from his favorite story. Good stories from childhood teach the correct behavior and communication skills.

More recently, you have studied the literature on easy childbirth and the establishment of breastfeeding, and now the first days with a baby in your arms are over. The baby is slowly getting used to life outside of mom's cozy tummy, and you get used to your new life - full of great joys and small worries. Somewhere in the corners of memory, scraps of what they read about, something about nursery rhymes, spreading on the stomach, stimulating the grasping reflex begin to emerge ...

But let's talk about everything in order. And do not be surprised, please, by the title of the article.

It is imperative to develop a newborn

I will not urge you to rather start showing your baby cards with letters and teach you how to fold a pyramid to a baby who is just learning to focus his gaze on an object that interests him and gets to know his own body. All the activities that we will discuss below are based on the physiology and psychology of the newborn.

But you must remember - everything that you are doing for your baby now - the songs you sing, the tone of voice and facial expression with which you speak to the baby, how you carry out standard hygiene procedures, how you react to his crying , what you fill in the short intervals of his wakefulness - all this does not go unnoticed and contributes to the development of crumbs, the formation of basic trust in the world, the establishment of emotional contact with his mother and the laying of other important foundations of his character.

Therefore, we will not waste precious time and will try to make these first weeks of our baby's life comfortable, useful and pleasant for him.

Before you start talking about how to develop a newborn, it will not be superfluous to remind you that immediately after discharge from the hospital, you should be visited by a patronage nurse and a local pediatrician, who will examine the baby and give you some recommendations regarding, among other things, possible activities with the child. Listen carefully to these recommendations, because they take into account the individual characteristics of your baby, discovered during the examination and study of documents received upon discharge.

When to develop a newborn

In the first month of life, the newborn sleeps a lot - by the end of the first month of life, the sleep time is about 16-18 hours. Add in the time required for feeding, washing, etc., and you will no longer think about how to develop a newborn and about when to do it. Of course, during the wakefulness of the baby - after feeding and the necessary hygiene procedures. The kid should be well rested, slept, well-fed and dry - then he will gladly respond to the activities you have proposed, and after them he will have a sweet sleep and give you some rest too.

Remember that the games and activities that you can spend with a newborn take only a few minutes, but this time will also be enough to stimulate the cognitive interest of the baby, as well as its full mental and physical development.

Educational games and activities for a newborn

Laying out on the stomach

The simplest and most useful exercise that you and your little one, I hope, began to perform already in the hospital - laying out on the stomach.

Place your baby gently on a flat, hard surface (a changing table works great) while holding the head. Talk to your treasure and gently stroke it on the back without touching the spine. Start literally with one minute and gradually increase the exercise time to 10-15 minutes. It is useful to lay the baby on his stomach before each feeding. In this case, the exercise will not only contribute to the correct formation of the curves of the spine, strengthen the muscles of the neck, back and abdomen, but will also help comfortable digestion of the crumbs, prevent regurgitation.

Little advice: try to put the baby's head in different directions each time for even development of the neck muscles.

If the baby is very resentful when you put him on his stomach, go for the trick. Put the baby on her stomach on a blanket spread on the floor and yourself, too, lie in front of him - so that you can look at each other. Now is the time to show your acting skills - grimace, sing, talk to your child, deliberately increasing articulation. My son was very amused when I blew lightly on his face. Children love to watch the changes in the human face, and the kid will surely love this exercise.

Fitball lessons

I hope you have already purchased a fitball? This large and durable inflatable ball is sold in sports and children's stores and is an indispensable assistant when carrying out gymnastics with a baby (by the way, exercises on a fitball will help mom to quickly regain shape after childbirth). Fitball lessons train the vestibular apparatus, promote the development of the muscles of the back and abdomen, and, of course, delight children of any age! Here how to develop a newborn using a fitball:

1. Put the baby with its tummy on the ball (the ball is on the bed, covered with a diaper). Holding the baby with one hand on the back, with the other hand fix the legs and gently rock it back and forth and from side to side. Accompany the exercise with a funny nursery rhyme or a rhythmic rhyme, for example, my son loved this:

The ball is rolling forward, forward, forward,

The ball is rolling back-back-back

Back and forth, back and forth

It's time to get off!

2. And the next rhyme is suitable for another exercise - "springs". Also, holding the crumb on the ball, perform springy up and down movements with a small amplitude. Make sure that your little acrobat does not feel discomfort or frightened.

I'm a jumper - a fun ball

I don't like the one who cries

I don't like the one who cries
Have you recently become a mother of a baby?

I love the one who rides

Look at a few

Push the ball away

Another fascinating ball exercise will help your baby to strengthen the muscles of the legs and abdomen. You will need a light inflatable beach ball with a diameter of about 25-30 cm (do not use an inflatable ball for this game, as it can burst during the activity and scare the baby). Tie a string to the ball and hold the ball by it. Place the child lying on his back on a sofa or changing table - naked or at least with bare feet. With your free hand, slightly lift the baby's butt so that the legs are suspended and touch the ball. When the baby's feet feel a slight resistance from the ball, he will forcefully push it off with his feet. Praise your little strong man!

Hand massage

Look at the handles of your baby. With what force he clenches his fists - this is how the grasping reflex of a newborn manifests itself! You can help your little fingers become even stronger and dexterous.

During feeding and bathing, when holding the baby in your arms, massage his palms and fingers. Be very gentle and careful. Use circular motions on the back and inside of your hand, gently pressing and tapping with the pads of your fingers. Try to massage your palms, picking up scraps of fabric of different textures - a terry towel and a waffle towel, a piece of fur, corduroy, flannel, cotton, satin ... Stimulate your child to grab the scraps and describe his feelings - this way you contribute to the development of sensory impressions of the crumbs and the accumulation of passive vocabulary ...

Little tip: wash the different textured pieces of fabric on the fingers of the gloves and use it for this activity.

Look at the video, how else you can do hand massage

Rattle games

The first ones are also aimed at the development of the grasping reflex. rattle games... Draw the baby's attention to a bright, melodiously sounding rattle (read more about how to choose the right toys for a newborn) and let him grab it with his hand - try to keep the baby's thumb opposed to the rest of the fingers. Now gently try to pick up the toy and give it back to your baby. Try giving your child a rattle from below, then from above, then to the right, then to the left, and use toys made of different materials, textures and sizes. So the child will learn to grip the object from different positions and correct the movements of the hand and fingers, depending on the object of what shape and size he wants to grab.

Little advice: During the exercise, repeat the words "Give!" and "Na!", and, soon, the baby will understand and remember their meaning.

When the baby learns to confidently focus his gaze on the rattle, drive it in front of the baby (at a distance of about 30-40 cm) from side to side, up and down, zoom in and out, perform circular movements. Movements should be slow, smooth, small in amplitude. During the exercise, make sure that the baby is not overtired. As soon as his gaze begins to "float", finish the game, take the baby in your arms, praise and caress.

Bath games

Make full use of bathing time in order to entertain and develop a newborn... Supporting the baby with one hand, pour water on his arms, legs, tummy with the other and say a nursery rhyme, for example, this:

Water, water,

Wash Yegorka's face, (replace with your baby's name)

To make your eyes shine

To make your cheeks turn red

So that the mouth laughs,

To bite a tooth.

After the umbilical wound has healed, you can bathe your baby in a large bath. When the child is comfortable with it, try "Swim" his. Putting the baby on the back and supporting it by the neck, run it several times from one end of the bathtub to the other. During the exercise, stimulate the baby to push off with the legs from the bathtub wall. To do this, "swim" the baby closer to the wall - so that the legs are bent at the knees, and wait for him to push off. You can put some bright toy on the edge of the bathtub. Many children's clinics have swimming pools, where an experienced instructor will introduce you to all the nuances of early swimming.

Musical minutes

Daily gymnastics, massage, air baths can be carried out with musical accompaniment... The "Seasons" by A. Vivaldi, "Little Suite" by C. Debussy, "Children's Polka" by MI Glinka, Antira's Dance from the suite "Peer Gynt" by E. Grigue and other classical compositions, as well as mother's tender singing will do. While listening, watch the reaction of your baby and adhere to two simple rules:

Music should not be too loud, fast, rhythmic.
Music should not be played in the background all the time throughout the day.

Dancing on the arms

It happened: the baby is one year old! At this age, children become incredibly curious and active. The choice of games and activities is becoming more and more extensive. What is the best way to develop and educate a child during this period? What to focus on? What activities with a child and toys to choose?

Many mothers, encouraged by early childhood development educators' advice, rush to buy toys and teaching aids as soon as their child is one year old. But in most cases, the baby completely ignores puzzles, "lacing" and other "development". And the child reacts negatively to the imposition of such toys. He cries, throws them on the floor, tries to escape. This is not a reason to despair and put an end to the development of the baby!

There is no need to force him to play what he is not interested in yet. Such useful toys will certainly interest him sooner or later. At the very beginning, it is better to focus on the development and consolidation of the child's already existing skills, namely, walking, the first words, fine motor skills, sensing. Games for 1 year old children are very diverse and will help parents not only consolidate, but also greatly improve the skills of the baby by adding new skills and knowledge.

No need to wait for instant results. The child needs a little time to master a new game or learn to play with a new toy. Parents need to be patient and deal with the baby every day.

This should be done as positively as possible, without getting tired, showing how to properly build a tower from cubes or collect a pyramid. The results are bound to appear, perhaps much faster than mom and dad think. You can't put pressure on a child! Not interesting - it's okay.

Speech development

The development of speech is the most important area of training with a baby. How to develop speech in a one-year-old child? Of course, talk to him. Constantly. Do not be lazy to tell your child how the day went or describe what you are doing (cooking, cleaning the apartment). Describe the world around him when you walk on the street. Name objects, their color, size (the terms "large" and "small" are enough).

Fairy tales, children's songs, nursery rhymes and poems are great for developing speech. Many beautiful children's books with poetry are now on sale. Rhythmic phrases are easier to hear and remember by the child. It is very good to buy a lot of different books with bright pictures, including special copies for bathing, in order to have a fun and educational time in the bathroom.

When the baby turns one and a half years old, you can pay attention to the method of working with cards with bright pictures and words. Montessori, Doman, Lupan, well-known and reputable early development teachers have such classes.

The meaning of the lesson is to show the crumbs a card and talk about its content, naming an object or animal, describing a color, etc. Such activities with a child can be carried out several times a day, using no more than three to four cards. It is necessary to ensure that the baby is not tired.

Cards can be purchased in ready-made sets or made by hand

Development of fine motor skills and sensing

The development of motor skills and sensory skills is of enormous importance! Such exercises are the best way to develop brain activity, correct perception of the environment, psycho-emotional formation of the personality.

In this area, you can come up with a great variety of entertaining games. Children love to play with cereals. For one-year-old babies who are still pulling everything into their mouths, it is better to choose semolina. It is relatively safe, it is impossible for it to choke, to block the ear or nose.

"Find a toy":

You will need a large bucket, bowl, or plastic container (at least 10 liters).
Several packs of the cheapest semolina.
Several small toys such as ping-pong balls.

It is necessary to pour the cereal into a large container and bury the toys in it. Further, the child is invited to find in the decoy what is buried there. The game is very fun. Children will be happy to rummage through the groats, pour them in their pens, and look for toys.

It is very good for motor skills to practice finger games - the usual "Ladushki" or "Magpie-Thief". This is not only fun, but also great for developing coordination and rhythm.

Children love playing with water. You can play in the bath, pouring water from bowls of different sizes, catch small rubber or plastic toys in a large basin or bucket.

An excellent purchase will be various rubber toys for the bath, special children's nozzles for the faucet or shower, which make bathing interesting and fun

Development of creativity

What to do with a child a year to develop a creative vision of the world? Finger painting and plasticine sculpting are perfect. It is better to postpone the modeling until the baby stops pulling everything into his mouth. But drawing with finger paints can be practiced immediately after 1 year or even earlier.

Perfectly develops motor skills and thinking playing with cubes, pyramid and sorter toys. These are educational toys that you can safely purchase by the year or earlier. If you actively play these games with your child, teach how to build a turret and assemble a pyramid, then in a month he will easily do it himself.

They perfectly develop motor skills and coordination of attempts to eat on their own. Don't be afraid to give your child a spoon. Yes, at first most of the porridge will be on the clothes and on the floor, but it will take several weeks, and you can happily watch the crumb eating on its own.

It is best to choose special paints, bright and safe, and whatman paper is the largest size. Today, such products can be purchased at any stationery store or children's supermarket.

Physical development

With children, you need to play not only games that develop the brain, you need to devote no less time to physical education. How to take care of the physical development of the baby?

The first and foremost rule is to walk more! In this case, you need to allow the child to stomp his feet down the street. It often happens that a year old babies still do not know how to walk on their own. No problem! In a year and a month, most of these children are already taking their first independent steps. It is necessary to encourage the baby in every possible way, to praise and admire his efforts.

At home, you also need to organize activities such as gymnastics and exercises. At the same time, it is important not only to teach the child the exercises, but also to show by example, practicing with him every day. Parents will benefit from this practice.

Experts believe that in childhood, physical and mental development are inseparable from one another.

You can include the following exercises:

Rolling the ball from mom to child and back.
Running ("catch-up" with parents).
Tossing the ball.
Walking on an incline.
Climbing stepladders, steps or ladders with the support of mom or dad.
Climbing on a chair, chair, sofa. Climbing from there.
Rolling on a large inflatable ball with the help of adults.
Walking in place.
Raising your arms up and to the sides.
From one and a half years old, you can start jumping on the spot.
Towards the age of two, it is good to practice exercises such as "windmill" with your hands and raising your legs, bent at the knee, at right angles to your torso (marching).

Of course, do not despair if the baby does not immediately begin to repeat the movements. Or he will not like some of them. A month or two will pass, the child will get used to it, and gymnastics will become his favorite pastime.

You can't be lazy to teach your baby something new. The development of a child per year is very important! Every month it is necessary to introduce new activities, give the baby useful knowledge, teach the necessary skills. This work will quickly bear fruit, and the baby will give more and more reasons for pride.

It would seem that quite recently the parents brought from the hospital a small package containing such a long-awaited baby. He couldn't do anything on his own yet. And after twelve months, adults see a small personality in front of them: the baby already knows how to walk or is trying to take his first steps, pronounces individual words and shows character. After all, a one-year-old child is already a person, with his own desires and requirements. Doctors never tire of repeating that every child is individual and the pace of development of babies may differ. But the World Health Organization has developed norms and standards within which the baby must fit at the age of one. Let's take a closer look at what a child should be able to do at twelve months. What signs indicate that you need to see a doctor.

Features of the physical development of boys and girls

By the age of one, the baby makes a big leap in physical development. Some children begin to walk on their own, while others fearfully master the first steps. At the same time, babies continue to crawl actively, for them this method of movement is more familiar and faster. It is on all fours that the child fully feels his body and can control it.

Experts pay attention that parents should not worry if the baby does not walk on its own even in a year. But the baby must confidently stand and walk at the support, hand in hand with adults. If at twelve months the child does not try to perform these actions, this is a reason to consult a doctor for advice.

By the age of one, babies are very curious, they know how to sit down and get up, they can climb onto a sofa or bed and get off it. Many parents notice that by the age of one year, children are very interested in music, they have an excellent sense of rhythm and, to the sound of songs, they begin to sway from side to side. Despite the fact that each baby is individual and the timing of when he learns new skills and abilities may differ, there are generally recognized norms for the physical development of children. A child develops according to age, if by the age of twelve months he can:

sit on your own, confidently holding your back;
crawl actively: doctors warn that some children will bypass the crawling stage and immediately begin to sit down and then get up. This is also considered a variant of the norm. Such babies can master crawling after they take their first steps;
climb onto the bed, climb the steps of the stairs;
stand on your own feet, stand with or without support;
walk with support or by the hand with an adult;
drink from a cup with the help of parents and try to perform this action on your own, eat from a spoon with mom's help;
transfer objects from place to place, collect your toys, point to an object of interest to the child.

Some children are already walking independently by the age of one year. But experts draw attention to the fact that if the child did not go by himself at twelve months, this is not a reason to panic. Normally, babies begin to take their first steps by themselves by the age of 1.2.

By the first anniversary, the baby has an average of 8 teeth. But this figure is approximate: some children erupt 4-6 milk teeth, while others can boast of having as many as 12 helpers to chew food.

Sleep and rest time at twelve months

The child's daily routine also changes: the baby is more awake than asleep. A night's sleep takes 11 hours, and during the day the baby rests only 3 hours, which are divided into two daytime naps. Some children already at this age go to one day's sleep. Dr. Komarovsky explains that this is not a deviation from the norm, but the individual needs of the body. The fact is that babies who go to sleep later in the morning wake up later in the morning, so they do not need rest in the first half of the day. The body has enough sleep in the afternoon.

If the child is active, has a good appetite and develops according to the norms, then one day's sleep is enough for him. Dr. Komarovsky recommends listening to your baby's needs and not making him sleep twice a day.

Baby's height and weight depending on gender - table

Height and weight are the main indicators that confirm that the child is developing according to the norms. From birth, every month, the doctor and nurse evaluate the baby's gain in centimeters and grams. Underweight in children under one year old can signal anemia, problems in the digestive and endocrine systems, as well as disorders of the central nervous system.

Experts draw the attention of parents that the constant underweight, which leads to a deficiency in the child's body weight, can cause a lag in the physical and mental development of the baby.

Basic reflexes, skills and abilities of a child at 1 year old

Children of different ages have their own parameters of psychological, mental and speech development. Each mother compares her child to others. And if her baby lags behind by some criteria, he immediately rushes to the doctor. Experts warn that the pace of development depends on the temperament of the baby, as well as on the genetic predisposition. Therefore, at the appointment, the doctor assesses the skills that the baby has acquired by the year, his height and weight, and explains to the parents whether it is worth worrying or whether there is time to wait a little for the child to master new skills.

Psychological and emotional development of a one-year-old baby

It is at this age that the baby begins to show character. Some parents are perplexed: only yesterday the child was completely obedient, did not arrange hysterics, and today he simply cannot be recognized. Child psychologists attribute this behavior to the first psychological crisis. The baby is studying the boundaries of what is permissible: the baby can not pay attention to the word "no" and throw a tantrum on every occasion.

Psychologists explain that parents should not allow a small child to manipulate themselves. At this age, children understand that crying can achieve what they want. Adults must clearly define the boundaries, if something is forbidden to the baby, you need to stand your ground, even when he is crying and hysterical. Over time, children understand that parental prohibition cannot be lifted with tears.

This behavior can last up to six months. At this time, parents need to be patient in order to explain to the baby why certain things are not allowed. In a year, he already understands well what can and cannot be done. Knows how to discern praise, and also reacts when he is scolded for misconduct. The child understands when he is asked to bring or serve something. Distinguishes between parents and friends: joy appears on the face at the sight of mom and dad.

At the age of twelve months, communication is important for a child. He learns to connect with peers. The kid is no longer so afraid of strangers, but his mother remains the most important person for him. The presence of mom calms the baby, he feels safe. Child psychologists recommend that parents teach their children to communicate in the company of their peers. It is at this age that one can explain to a child that toys can be shared, and peers must not be offending. Early development schools are perfect for social adaptation, where the baby will study in a group with other children.

How to determine if the psychological development of a child is normal - video

Learning to speak: speech development of the baby

Children at twelve months can pronounce the simplest words: mom, dad, baba, dai, am, lala and others. There are already 10–20 words in the baby's vocabulary, although the child does not utter many of them completely, some sounds are missing in them. But he tries to repeat the words after his parents, and over time, the vocabulary will expand.

Some children do not speak a year, or their vocabulary is limited to two or three words. If the doctor does not see any developmental abnormalities, this situation may be due to a genetic predisposition and the characteristics of the child's temperament. But parents should pay attention to the development of speech, read more fairy tales to the crumb, often talk with him. During the game, you can explain each action and name objects.

The child is already trying to tell something to his parents with the help of words. For example, at the sight of a car, he can say "bb", or ask to submit an object or toy of interest to him: "give." The kid tries to voice his requests and discontent. At this age, he has well-developed facial expressions and intonation: what the baby cannot express with the help of words, he tries to say with the intonation of his pronunciation.

How to develop your baby's speech

read stories and fairy tales every day;
consider pictures and illustrations in books, while naming each object, animal, etc., clearly pronouncing the name;
explain to the baby all actions and situations: for example, while bathing, you can tell him that this is water, and this is soap, etc.;
to make children's songs: a child at this age is very fond of music, this also develops a sense of rhythm;
develop fine motor skills: scientists have proven that such activities directly affect the mental development of the baby, including the formation of speech.

How to help your baby learn to speak: the opinion of Dr. Komarovsky - video

Development of the child's motor skills

collect your toys in place: in a play corner or a basket for toys;
take objects with two fingers;
play on your own for half an hour;
collect the pyramid;
put a cube on a cube;
play with the ball: tries to throw it into a box or basket.

If parents notice that the child does not show interest in toys, the ball, cannot hold objects in his hands, this is a reason to seek advice from a pediatrician and a neurologist. One of the reasons may be muscle hyper- or hypotonicity. Only a doctor can make an accurate diagnosis and give recommendations.

Introducing Beauty: Musical Development

According to psychologists, attention should be paid not only to the physical and mental, but also to the musical development of the child. At the age of twelve months, he already has a sense of rhythm, he is interested in moving to music, listening to children's songs and funny notes. Many children love to play toy musical instruments: they like to reproduce sounds, make sounds happen. Music has the properties of relaxing and calming: the sounds of nature have a positive effect on the nervous system of the child.

Musical development is essential for children. Music influences active processes in the brain, and also has a positive effect on the development of thinking, memory and attention.

Often, doctors recommend using music as a healing therapy. For example, children with hyperactivity are prescribed by neurologists to turn on the sound of water, sounds of dolphins to calm the nervous system and relax the baby. Psychologists recommend playing music to your child every day. These do not have to be classical pieces, children's songs or noises of nature can happen. The main thing is that the crumbs like the music. But do not overload the baby's hearing: 10–20 minutes a day is enough to listen to music.

Norms and timing of child development - video

Necessary activities: how to develop, what to teach a child at this age

A child cannot develop independently, he needs help, prompts, and most importantly - create comfortable conditions. Doctors warn that parents should pay equal attention to physical and mental development so that the baby develops harmoniously.

Sport is a must

From the very birth, doctors insist that to strengthen the muscles of the crumbs, it is necessary to do massage and gymnastics. Although a child is already more independent in a year, it is not worth giving up exercise. After waking up, it is recommended to do gymnastics, which will invigorate, set up for active pastime. Relaxing massage can be done in the evening.

walks in the fresh air, games on sports grounds, as well as exercises with a ball are obligatory;
if possible, a sports complex for a baby can be installed at home. Doctors are only for if the child is introduced to sports from an early age. It perfectly strengthens the muscles, is the prevention of back problems;
swimming in the pool is useful. You can study with an instructor or on your own. Hydromassage is also very useful for the general condition of the body, as well as strengthening the muscles of the whole body;
exercises on fitball are not only popular with children, but are also useful for training the vestibular apparatus.

Fitball exercises for a one-year-old baby - video

Development of fine motor skills

The development of fine motor skills plays a huge role in a child at the age of one. It is at this time that the baby becomes more active and inquisitive. And the task of the parents is to direct his interest in the right direction. Today, adults can sign up a crumb for classes in children's development centers, where experienced teachers will work with them. Also, parents can independently develop a lesson program so that they can perform various exercises with their child at home.

There are copyright techniques that have been developed for children of different ages. Parents can engage in one methodology or choose individual tasks that are interesting to the baby. The most popular today are the methods of Maria Monessori, Glen Doman and Nikitin.

Exercises for fine motor skills - video

Teachers and child psychologists say that at twelve months you can deal with the baby:

modeling: plasticine, salted dough, or a special mass for modeling perfectly develop imagination, thinking and fine motor skills;
games with sand and water: children are interested in learning different shapes. Liquid can be poured from one container to another. And from the sand to make different figures or castles. Today, there is special kinetic sand on sale that does not leave stains and you can play with it at home when it is cold outside and you cannot go to the sandbox;
exercises with a business board: hard or soft developing boards, rugs or books will surely interest the child. Details and elements that are fixed on the business boards perfectly develop fine motor skills, patience, logic, thinking and attention;
drawing: the development of creativity affects speech development. You can begin to acquaint the baby with a brush and paints, if the baby is not interested in this way of drawing, it is recommended to try finger paints;
Constructor games: for children of this age, there are constructors on sale with large blocks that they cannot swallow.

Doctor Komarovsky claims that children must be dealt with. But there are certain rules: classes must necessarily take place in a playful way, and also only if the child wishes. If the baby is naughty and does not want to do the exercises, it is better to postpone the classes to a later time or another day.

Early child development: the opinion of Dr. Komarovsky - video

Childcare in one year

Cleanliness is the key to health. This phrase is familiar to everyone from childhood. For a one-year-old baby, special care is required, because he still cannot perform many actions on his own.

Water procedures

Water procedures are mandatory: in the morning it can be a light shower, during which the mother washes the child, brushes her teeth, ears and nose. In the evening it is better to take a bath and the baby can swim and play in the water for at least 30–40 minutes.

Pediatricians and dermatologists warn that special shampoos or soaps designed for children of this age should be used for bathing a child. Adult shower gels can cause an allergic reaction, irritation or excessive dryness of your baby's delicate skin.

How to bathe a child - video

How to dress your child correctly

Another important point is the right choice of clothing:

things should be made of natural materials to allow the skin to breathe and not cause allergic reactions;
you should not dress the baby too warmly: in children, thermoregulation is different from adults, so the child should be dressed according to the weather;
clothes should be comfortable: they cannot be too tight or loose. A small margin is allowed so that the baby can move freely.

Walks in the open air

At any age, it is useful for a child to walk on the street. Pediatricians recommend walking even in bad weather, except for severe frosts, below -15 degrees, and showers. The rest of the time, you need to be outside for at least two hours a day. In good weather, it is recommended to spend one of the daytime dreams in the fresh air. It is very beneficial for the health of the baby.

Do not forget about the fresh air in the room where the child sleeps. The room should be frequently ventilated and wet-cleaned at least twice a week. If there are indoor plants in the nursery, make sure that they cannot cause allergies in the baby, otherwise the flowers must be removed from the room.

Child and walks - video

Nutrition for a baby at twelve months

In a year, the child already eats not only breast milk or formula, but also many solid foods in the form of mashed potatoes or juices. The kid takes food 4-5 times a day, with an interval of 3-4 hours. Children at this age have an average of eight teeth, so chewing skills are actively developing. Parents should help the child learn to chew, for this you can not grind the dishes in mashed potatoes, but leave small pieces. There are special cereals on sale for training the chewing reflex.

The baby's nutrition should be balanced, the menu includes:

meat and fish purees;
vegetable dishes;
fermented milk products: cottage cheese and kefir, yogurt;
yolk;
butter and vegetable oil are added to dishes;
fruit purees and juices;
porridge.

All dishes are steamed or boiled. It is strictly forbidden to give a child at this age smoked and fried foods, because an unformed gastrointestinal tract is not able to take food prepared in this way. Children's gastroenterologists warn that it is too early to transfer children to a common table.

Pediatrician's advice on nutrition for a 9–12 month old baby - video

Children are developing every day. A child is very curious a year, strives to learn as much new as possible, and also repeats everything after adults. Experts do not stop repeating that it is imperative to deal with the baby. A properly planned daily routine will allow you to allocate time in order to have time to walk with a baby, conduct developmental activities, take food on time, and also leave time for rest. Attention should be paid not only to mental development, but also not to forget about physical exercise. The child must develop comprehensively.

Hello dear readers! Psychologist-defectologist Irina Ivanova with you. Today I want to tell you about how to develop a child up to a year by months. Recently I happened to be present at a discussion that unfolded in the company of young modern women.

It was about the now popular. All mothers spoke with enthusiasm about the achievements of their children. Someone takes them to the studio of early development, of which there are now a lot of them. Someone uses the technique at home, and their children know the letters by the age of three or four and are almost preparing to read books on their own.

There were even adherents of the now half-forgotten, but not less valuable, system of upbringing the Nikitin family, which was very popular at the end of the last century. Well, and only those who are not interested in anything at all do not use the manuals now. But ... all this concerned kids over one and a half to two years old. But what about children who are not even a year old? Do they need only healthy sleep and good nutrition?

One of the participants in the discussion, a girl who works as a psychologist in a developing children's center, undertook to educate the audience on this score. I want to introduce you to what she told us. First, she gave us the authoritative opinion of many well-known experts in the field of child psychology. It turns out that one should not place unjustified expectations on artificial stimulation of development.

Each skill will come to the baby only when the psyche, brain cells and the entire body in its development rise to a certain level to master it. This is a genetically inherent property in a person. After all, you cannot immediately sit on the twine if you have never done gymnastics? Even if you put two chickens on one egg at once, the chick will still hatch only on the 21st day.

Yes, it is necessary to prepare the basis for new skills and abilities. When the time comes, the grain will fall into the prepared soil, but it is unnecessary to force things too much. As for babies up to a year, they can and should be developed, but in accordance with the capabilities of the baby.

What to do with an infant

There are no words, it is very important that both "the bottom is dry" and "the tummy works like a clock", but one must also remember that every day of a baby's life is invaluable for his development. Here are some recommendations on how to develop your baby for months, what to play with and do with him.

First month

There is no need to care for a child in complete silence. Talk to him in a calm, gentle voice, and by the end of the month he will hold his gaze on your face, and you will wait for the first precious smile - an invitation to further communication. Hang a bright rattle over the bed at a distance of 60 cm, let him try to focus his gaze on it. For the first time, this is enough.

Second month

Take the baby in your arms more often, and he himself prefers this position. This is how the desire for knowledge, genetically inherent in a person, is realized. Moreover, when you are holding a crumb, do not try to argue with someone at this time or get angry. Only kind facial expressions, only a calm and even tone of conversation. At this stage of development, the main thing is to satisfy the orienting reflex.

Third month

Spread the baby on the tummy with a bright object in front of it. Talk to him, respond to his hum: a-a-a, a-a-a, a-a-a, a-a-a-a... Sing songs, turn on melodic music, do not leave crying in the crib for a long time in order to "teach" yourself to occupy yourself. These are the prerequisites for a future neurosis.

Fourth month

Decorate the interior as colorful as possible, in which the baby spends the most time - bright colors of fabrics, a carousel with melodic music, or moving modules will create the right mood, prepare them for mastering forms and shades of color. Put rattles in its handle, hang them at hand level, change the position of the crumbs more often: now in the crib, now in the arena, now on the hands.

Fifth month

This is the month of showing interest in toys. From this time on, the child can take them himself, grab them, pull them to him. Now teach him to deal with them: knock, shift from pen to pen, carefully examine. Show him moving toys - jumping, spinning. Developing attention is the foundation of future successful learning. Do not forget to respond to the hum, which by the fifth month becomes active and very melodic. In this way, you are helping to develop speech, the foundations of which are being laid right now.

Sixth month

The child strives to start crawling, and now it is necessary to create conditions for this. It is better if it is a special arena, but a part of the carpet covered with a thick blanket will also work. Place toys in front of the baby lying on the tummy. He will reach for them and try to crawl, perhaps on his tummy or on all fours.

The main educational games this month are all kinds of boxes and modules in which you can put and get items out of them. It is advisable that they be equipped with lids that the baby really likes to open and close.

Seventh month

This is a period of intensive development of understanding of speech. Talk to your baby, show objects of the surrounding world, toys, name them. This is how a passive vocabulary and preconditions for him to begin to speak are developed. The best toys at the moment are a box or a box with cubes and balls, small toys. Let the child take them out and put them back.

Games with water while swimming, with objects floating in it are very useful. From this age, it is necessary to reasonably introduce the concepts of "can" and "not" into everyday life. Do not forget that indulging in whims is the basis for the development of hysteria, and excessive severity is a prerequisite for raising either a rebel or an indecisive person in the future.

Eighth month

Do not lay out a lot of toys at once, it is better to periodically hide them and take them out in turn. In order for thinking to develop, you need to act out small scenes with them that are understandable to the baby. Let the dolls walk, eat, sleep, feed kitties and dogs. Accompany these performances with clear commentary and onomatopoeia. They will bring much more benefit to the development of the intelligence and speech of children than the best educational cartoons.

Ninth month

Play hide and seek when you hide yourself, your baby, or a toy under a scarf or diaper. In children of this age, modulated babbling appears. Select syllables from it that are similar to the words of your native language, repeat them expressively several times. So you create the prerequisites for your baby to say them.

Play music for listening, let it be light melodies or nursery rhymes. Standing on the floor or in the arena, children will dance to them. Play with toys together, show their capabilities, name the color and shape of objects, ask them to give you a certain thing. The tenacious memory of the crumbs will preserve this knowledge, and soon he himself will operate with these concepts.

From 10 months to a year

During this period, you need to tirelessly talk with the child. Say whatever you want, you can't just be silent. Accompany your actions with comments, talk about what is happening in the house, what you see during a walk, outside the window.

All kinds of pyramids, inserts, games where you need to put something somewhere (such as the "mailbox" game), rings put on pins, nesting dolls, large plastic puzzles - this is the minimum set of educational games and toys. Give your baby a sheet of thick paper and a soft pencil. He is already able to leave a mark on the sheet, draw a line. Read books, play finger games, sing songs to him and tell nursery rhymes.