Conversation to familiarize yourself with your surroundings. “I’m exploring the world” planning conversations to get to know the world around us
OOD for familiarization with the outside world "Conversation about pets"
The author's development of Olga Pavlovna Tolmacheva for children of primary and secondary preschool age may be useful for kindergarten teachers and parents.Program content: Expand your understanding of the life of pets. Call characteristic features horses, goats, cows, what they eat, what they are useful for humans. Create a desire to care for pets.
Material: Illustrations depicting domestic animals. Quiz - scheme (for each child)
Preliminary work: Conversations about pets. Reading Russian folk tales about animals. Looking at illustrations.
Progress of the lesson
Educator: Children, now you and I will go to Grandma Masha’s village. Sit on the chairs - let's pretend it's a bus. Go. S.V.'s music is playing. Mikhalkov "Song of Friends"Who is this coming to meet us?
Educator:
Champion in fast running,
Sometimes I drive carts.
Uncle groom brought me
Water, hay and oats.
(Horse)
We get off the bus.
Educator: kids, who is this?
Children: horse
Educator: This horse is a beautiful and very hardworking pet. The horse helps the man. In the old days, she was the main assistant to a person in the village. The work horse was used as a draft force for transporting heavy loads, cargo, and working on agricultural land (fields). The horse was pulling a plow and a cart. Until now, in Russian villages the horse is used as draft labor. The horse lives in a stable, eats grass and oats.
Let's play, we still have a long way to go!
Physical exercise “Horse”.
Clack-clack-clack-clack! (we stomp with both feet in turn)
I am a horse - gray side! (turns to the sides)
I'll knock my hoof (walking in place)
If you want, I'll give you a ride! (light jogging in place)
Look how beautiful I am, both my tail and mane are beautiful. (torso bends)
Clack-clack-clack-clack! I am a horse - gray side! (spinning in place)
Educator: Have you rested? Let's move on. Well, we arrived at Grandma Masha’s house. (Comes out dressed as a grandmother - nanny)
Grandmother: Hello children! Come in, I want to introduce you to Zina.
Educator: Guys, listen and guess another riddle.
I'll tell you: "Me-me-me!
Get ready for winter!
Cut my fur quickly
And knit your own socks!"
(Goat)
Children: Goat
Grandmother: Right. Goat is a pet. Goats give us very tasty and healthy milk. They also make cheese and feta cheese from it.
It is famous for its light, warm fluff, which is combed from the wool of goats. Many necessary and beautiful things are made from fluff. The goat lives in a warm barn or stable, eats grass, hay, and loves vegetables and fruits.
Educator: I suggest you solve the crossword puzzle “Pets”
Grandmother: But my nurse is standing in the stable.
Educator: Children, guess who this riddle is about?
Every evening, so easy
She gives us milk.
She says two words
What is her name - (cow).
Grandmother: Of course, everyone knows that this is a cow, but why is it called the “nurse”? (it gives tasty and healthy milk). A cow grazes on a pasture, eats grass. What is the name of the place where the cow lives? (Children's answers - in a stable, a cowshed) For these animals, a person makes a special pen, it’s warm there. In winter there will be snow on the fields, what do you think the cow will eat? That's right, hay.
Educator: listen to a poem about a cow:
V. Donskaya
Why are you mooing, Cow?
Maybe she's just unwell?
Those are swollen like the sides!
And the walk is not easy!
No! She carries with her
big milk can!
Cream, butter and kefir.
Creme brulee, cottage cheese, ice cream.
Yogurt, Varenets.
You, Cow, are great!
Here is the answer! And that's why
says the Cow “mu!”
(Cow)
Grandmother: And now I’ll treat you to milk. Children, drink milk - you will be healthy!
Let's say goodbye. Come and visit again.
Educator: Let's tell Grandma Masha - thank you for the warm welcome!
Children: Thank you!
Educator: did you like our trip? What animals live in Masha's grandmother's village? Why are these animals called pets? Well done, that's right, that's why. That they live next to people, people take care of these animals, and they, in turn, bring benefits to people. We are returning to kindergarten. Go.
Here we are back. Shall we play a game?
“The game of who does what?” with a ball.
Cow..... (gives milk).
Chicken..... (lays eggs).
Cat..... (catches mice).
The dog...... (guards the house).
Duck..... (lays eggs).
Goat..... (gives milk and fluff).
Horse..... (carries weights).
Conversations to familiarize children with professional activities
representatives of social spheres
nearby environment.
A series of conversations for children 4-7 years old
Stories about professions will be useful for teachers to conduct classes on familiarizing themselves with the outside world and developing speech; they will help broaden the horizons of children, enrich their life experience, and make the “profession” games so beloved by children more vivid and rich. All texts of the conversations are accompanied by poems, riddles, questions that force the child to think logically, develop speech, and activate memory and attention.
TASKS:
1) arouse children’s interest in the world around them, form realistic ideas about people’s work;
2) expand knowledge and ideas about professions;
3) enrich vocabulary, develop coherent speech: teach children to give complete answers to questions, preparing them to retell the text;
4) develop the ability to coherently and consistently retell the text according to plan;
5) activate children’s attention and memory, develop logical thinking.
Introductory lesson
What is a profession?
Your calling
The builder will build us a house,
And we will live together in it.
Dressy suit, day off
The tailor will skillfully sew for us.
The librarian will give us books,
The baker will bake the bread in the bakery,
The teacher will teach you everything -
Teach literacy and writing.
The letter will be delivered by the postman,
And the cook will cook us some broth.
I think you'll grow up
And you will find something to your liking
!
Teacher:
Dear Guys! Do you know what a profession is? Profession is work
to which a person devotes his life. Let's remember together what professions there are. (Children's answers.)
Right! Teacher, doctor, educator, driver, librarian, salesman, accountant... There are a lot of professions!
We will talk to you about some of the most common ones. Every morning, the adult members of your family go to work.
Tell us what their professions are. What do your family and friends do? What is your mother's job? And dad? Would you like to have your dad's or mom's profession? Why?
(Children's answers.)
Let's talk about how professions arose.
Imagine primitive people who lived in the distant Stone Age. People of the same tribe did different things. What do you think?
Men made tools for hunting - bows, arrows, darts. With good weapons, the hunt was usually successful, and the hunters brought back large game - deer, buffalo or wild boar.
What did the women do? (Children's answers.) They raised children, collected roots, fruits and berries, processed animal skins, and sewed clothes or blankets from the skins.
We see that already in those ancient times people distributed different things among themselves. Professions appeared when a division of labor arose between people! With the development of trade and the emergence of cities, new professions appeared. In the Middle Ages, guilds arose in cities - associations of people of the same profession. For example, a weavers' workshop, a tailors' workshop or a gunsmith's workshop. Each workshop had its own banner and its own holidays. The workshop protected its members. There were apprentices, apprentices and masters. To become a master, you had to create a masterpiece - that is, a very good product.
How do you still know which profession to choose?
Some children feel their calling very early. Girls love to draw styles fashionable dresses, sew, embroider, knit. Boys make gliders and build model ships. Many children behave freely and naturally on stage: they love to sing, read poetry, and dance. Others are great at drawing.
Sometimes a person searches for his calling for a long time and painfully, changing
profession after profession, and yet, in the end, finds something he likes that brings
joy for himself and for other people.
Questions:
1. List the professions you know.
2. What do your parents do?
3. Would you like to follow in their footsteps when you grow up?
4. What is your dream profession? Why?
5. What character qualities do you think will help you master this profession?
6. Do you have a favorite pastime? Tell us about it.
Librarian
A librarian is a very important and necessary profession. The word comes from the Greek "biblio", which means "book". The work of people who devote themselves to this profession takes place in the library, among books.
We have a huge number of libraries in Russia. Moscow is home to the most important Russian State Library, which contains millions of books, ancient and modern.
There is a Historical Library in the capital, which displays books related to history; In the Scientific and Technical Library, specialists can read books on science and technology.
But I would like to tell you about the work of a librarian in a children's library.
Have you ever visited a children's library? Tell us about this visit.
(Children's stories.)
No matter how many books you have collected at home, the library has an immeasurably larger selection of literature! And the owner here is the librarian. What do you think his main job is? (Children's answers.)
The librarian issues books. He constantly communicates with readers, answers their questions, and advises which book to read. After all, the book helps the young reader “build a life.” The librarian talks about children's writers, their new books, and introduces the latest issues of magazines. Organizes colorful book exhibitions dedicated to the writer’s anniversary
or a poet. These exhibitions are often decorated with children's drawings.
Librarians invite authors of well-known and beloved books by children to meet with young readers.
Perhaps the biggest holiday of children's books is Book Week, which takes place in the spring.
What qualities do you think a librarian should have?
Right! The most important quality of his soul is his selfless and endless love for books! An excellent memory is also necessary - after all, the librarian must remember perfectly where this or that book is located. Sociability, knowledge of literary works and their authors. In addition, the librarian must have self-control, listening skills, tact and attentiveness to the reader.
Questions:
1. Have you ever been to the library?
2. Do you like to read books, can you read? Maybe your mother or grandmother reads to you?
3. Name your favorite book. Who wrote it?
4. What is the job of a librarian?
5. What qualities should people in this profession have?
6. Would you like to become a librarian?
Serviceman
My dad is a captain
Dad knows everything in the world
Knows where the wind is born
How the ocean rages
After all, my dad is a captain!
We'll get a map of the world,
Let's study together
Here is the high peak of the Pamirs,
Here the seas turn blue.
This is southern Anapa,
This is northern Yamal.
Dad will tell you everything -
He's been everywhere!
I'll grow up and become one too
I, like dad, am a captain!
From the word itself it is not difficult to guess who a soldier is. This is a person in military service.
I am sure that each of you has seen on TV the military parade that takes place on May 9, the Victory Day of our people in the war against Nazi Germany. Representatives of all branches of the military are marching along Red Square in orderly rows, with measured steps. They are wearing full dress uniform.
The orders and medals of the veterans gathered in the stands to watch the festive parade shine in the sun. And in the evening, when it gets dark, bright fireworks light up in the sky.
The parade is a demonstration of the strength and power of our state, a manifestation of the patriotism of our military. Like every state, Russia has an army, that is, armed forces. The armed forces can be divided into three main groups - ground or ground
troops that operate on land; air force - they defend the Motherland in the air; and naval - keeping watch (i.e., duty) in the seas and oceans.
Military personnel serve at border outposts. Their main task is to prevent spies, terrorists, armed enemy groups, and people transporting drugs from crossing the border. Specially trained dogs help border guards carry out this difficult service.
Airborne troops (abbreviated as Airborne Forces) are assigned to a special group. The military personnel serving in these troops are physically strong and athletic. They undergo special multi-day training, mastering the rules of close combat, know fighting techniques, and study different types confrontations Paratroopers are usually transported by planes and helicopters to combat sites. They descend to the ground using parachutes.
In addition to courage and bravery, “blue berets” - as the paratroopers are called (after all, they wear blue berets as part of their uniform) - require endurance, absolute health, agility and strength.
Our army also has aviation - combat aircraft and helicopters. They are ready to defend our Fatherland from the air if necessary. The plane is controlled by a crew of pilots - these are the first and second pilots; a navigator who plots the plane's course in the sky; radio operator,
maintaining contact with the airfield; a mechanic responsible for maintaining the condition of an aircraft. The pilots wear a beautiful blue uniform to match the color of the sky. During the flight, they wear special high-altitude helmets. These military personnel must have excellent health, self-control, the ability to instantly assess the situation and make a decision, courage and determination. A young man who dreams of becoming a pilot undergoes a medical examination, then studies at a flight school, after graduating from which he can continue his studies at a military academy. After all, a pilot needs to know and be able to do a lot!
Our sea spaces are protected by warships and submarines. Together they make up the navy.
Large surface ships - battleships - are armed with guns, machine guns, and cruise missiles. A cruiser is a smaller ship, and a destroyer is a patrol ship. Military personnel who serve in the navy are called sailors.
There is always a captain on the ship. He is responsible for the entire ship. He is assisted by an assistant captain and a navigator, who plots a course at sea. The boatswain keeps order on the ship. The radio operator maintains contact with the ground and other ships. A ship's cook is called a cook. Each sailor on the team has his own responsibilities. Russia also has a submarine fleet - nuclear submarines. They hit enemy ships with special large projectiles - torpedoes. Submarines travel underwater; they go out to sea for many months. Many submarines help border guards if the border with other countries is by sea.
After listening to my story about military service, I think, dear guys, you understood that this service is “both dangerous and difficult.” Military personnel often risk life and limb to protect peace and tranquility on Earth. They selflessly love their Fatherland and their people, have great knowledge, health, strength, and readiness to carry out any order.
Questions:
1. Who is called a military man?
2. What three main groups can the armed forces of the state be divided into?
3. Tell us about the land, air and sea branches of the military.
4. What is the border guard service? Paratroopers? Sappers?
5. What qualities should a soldier have?
6. Would you like to become a military man?
Educator
Maybe we just got used to it,
But you can't help but see it,
What do teachers usually do?
Tired eyes in the evening...
We know what it is
Children are a restless swarm!
You won’t find peace here with just one,
And not with such a crowd.
This one is funny, and this one looks askance,
There the fighter is already starting a fight...
What about questions? Thousands of questions...
And everyone requires an answer.
How much affection and care is needed,
Hear everyone, understand everyone...
Grateful and hard work
Constantly replacing mom...
Mom isn't worried at work...
Children's voices are cheerful...
After all, they always watch the kids
Kind tired eyes.
The day is over... Not all songs are sung.
Children don't have trouble sleeping...
So take a bow from the entire planet,
For the children, take our bow!!!
And today we guys will talk about the work of a teacher. When you come to kindergarten you are greeted by your favorite teacher. In the mornings, the teacher does exercises with the children - simple, but very useful physical exercises. After you have thoroughly washed your hands with soap, you can start breakfast. At breakfast, the teacher carefully monitors whether you are holding the spoon correctly, sitting at the table, and teaches you the rules of etiquette. After breakfast, under the guidance of the teacher, you can do some interesting activity, for example, sew from colorful rags soft toy, make an elegant applique, draw a picture.
How much a teacher should know and be able to do! And sew, and embroider, and cut out of paper, and glue, and draw, and sculpt from plasticine, know songs, poems, games and counting rhymes. And he passes on all these skills and knowledge to the kids.
But the main thing is that the teacher must love and understand every child! He perfectly sees the relationships of children in the group, knows who is responsive, friendly, who likes to complain, snitch, who starts arguments and quarrels. He knows which of the children is generous and which is greedy and envious. Through his behavior, conversations, sometimes face to face, the teacher influences children, trying to suppress manifestations of bad qualities in them and cultivate good ones. In older groups, teachers prepare children for school. Finally, the time comes to part with kindergarten. Graduates of the senior group sadly say goodbye to their beloved teachers, dedicate poems, songs,
Dear Guys! I told you about the work of a teacher. Sometimes it can be very difficult. But the great happiness and meaning of this work is to raise a smart, kind, skillful and inquisitive little person!
Questions:
1. Would you like to become a kindergarten teacher? Why?
2. Tell us what a person who has chosen this profession should know and be able to do.
3. What, in your opinion, is the most important quality that everyone who works should have?
with kids?
4. What is the most important task of a kindergarten teacher?
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Hairdresser
At the hairdresser
Brought a child to get a haircut -
How big has the boy become!
Let's take scissors, a comb -
One-two-three - the haircut is ready.
The boy is unrecognizable
You can send it to kindergarten!
If you want to get a haircut, do beautiful hairstyle, then you will go to the hairdresser, where the skillful hands of a master will work their magic on your hair.
Hairdressers usually have a specific specialty: men's, women's or children's hairdressers.
What is the job of a hairdresser? First, the master sits you in a comfortable chair, covers your shoulders with a special cape, then thoroughly rinses your hair with shampoo. Then lightly dries them with a towel. After this, a comb and scissors appear in his hands, and he begins to cut his hair strand by strand, giving it a certain shape. After summer holidays Many children go to the hairdresser so that on September 1 they can come to school or kindergarten with a neat haircut. When the haircut is ready, the hairdresser can style your hair with a hairdryer and brush, or curl your hair into curls and coat it with a special hairspray. The main thing is that the hairstyle suits your face type and is in harmony with your appearance! Therefore, a hairdresser must have good taste, imagination and, of course, “golden” hands.
Let's think together what character qualities a hairdresser needs to work successfully? (Children's answers.) Correct! Sociability, the ability to patiently listen to the client, to understand what kind of hairstyle he dreams of. The hairdresser must be aware of everyone fashion news and master your profession perfectly. It is for this purpose that various hairdressing competitions are held, where professionals share the secrets of their skills, make new haircuts and elegant evening hairstyles, decorating their hair with flowers and sparkles.
This profession is creative, it is akin to the work of an artist!
But the hairdresser must have good health (after all, he has to spend the entire working day on his feet), and love for people, the desire to bring them joy, to make them more charming and beautiful.
Questions:
1. How many of you have ever been to a hairdresser?
2. What did you like most about it?
3. What is the job of a hairdresser?
4. What qualities does he need to successfully cope with his responsibilities?
Tailor (seamstress)
Do you remember, dear friends, this little rhyme:
On the golden porch sat:
Tsar, prince, king, prince,
Shoemaker, tailor... -
Tell me, who will you be?
The king, the prince's son and the tailor are sitting next to each other! Of course, a tailor is a very ancient and respected profession! Tailors dress us in summer, and winter, and autumn, and spring, giving us beautiful dresses and sundresses, skirts and blouses, coats and jackets. In ancient times, when primitive people wore clothes made from animal skins, they learned to sew them together using ox sinews. And the primitive needle was a thin, but strong, pointed plate of stone. Much later the steel needle and
linen thread, and for many decades they remained the main tool of the tailor. With their help, craftsmen sewed together pieces of leather, fur, and fabric.
Later the first sewing machines appeared. At first they only did
the simplest operations for sewing the edges of fabric, but gradually mechanics introduced more and more improvements into the design of sewing machines. And with the help sewing machine It became possible not only to sew, but also to embroider, sew buttonholes, quilt linings and even sew on buttons.
What is the job of a tailor?
Now this largely depends on where the tailor works. Whether he sews clothes according to an individual (i.e., single, separate) order, or works in an atelier or in a garment factory. Let's first talk about those tailors - high-class craftsmen who sew clothes according to the client's order. They usually have specialization. There are craftsmen who sew only light dresses, blouses, sundresses, elegant evening dresses from silk, wool, velvet, satin and other materials. Others make outerwear: coats, raincoats, jackets, jackets, fur coats. Still others are engaged in sewing linen. There are also those who make special clothes(short workwear) for people different professions(firefighters, rescuers, doctors, road workers, etc.).
Finally, there are tailors who are engaged in sewing headwear - hats, caps, berets (they are called milliners).
Imagine that your elder sister is finishing school and she needs elegant dress For prom. Mom has already bought beautiful silk fabric, the tailor has started sewing the dress. First, using a measuring tape, he takes your sister’s measurements and writes down all the numbers in a special notebook. Then he suggests a style and, if you like the style
girl, sketches it in the same notebook. Then the tailor begins to cut the fabric, and large, sharp tailor's scissors help him in this. When the fabric is cut, the craftsman bastes it, as they say, on a “living thread,” that is, sews it together with large stitches.
Finally, the exciting moment of the first fitting comes! Your sister tries on a semi-finished dress in front of the mirror, the tailor adjusts it exactly to her figure and only after that proceeds directly to sewing.
When the dress is sewn, it is ironed. And then comes the solemn moment when the girl puts on the finished dress. Lightweight
flowing fabric, beautiful style turn her into a real young princess! The skillful master managed to give her joy!
Listen to the poem.
Ellochka loves outfits -
I'm very happy with the new dresses!
He asks his grandmother: -
Sew me a silk dress
With a long fluffy frill!
- Well, of course, I’ll sew it!
After all, I was a dressmaker.
Threads, scissors, needle -
Here is my main tool.
We'll sew everything together in one go!
Silk is beautiful, with a blue tint,
It is thin and shiny.
We'll take the measurements first,
Let's choose a style together.
We will cover the table with oilcloth
And then let's start cutting.
We will do everything to measure,
Let's get ready for fitting.
Afterwards we'll try on the dress,
Is it sitting well, let's check.
We will sew the seams on a machine.
There will be a granddaughter just like in the picture!
Let's think together about what character traits a tailor needs? (Children's answers.) Correct! Sociability - the ability to easily and freely communicate with the customer, the ability to listen to him and understand how he wants to see his new coat or dress. And he also needs taste, the ability to work carefully, painstakingly, achieving perfection, so that people say: “This tailor has golden hands!”
Questions:
1. What is the work of a tailor?
2 Can you sew? Do you sew dresses for dolls?
4. Would you like to become a tailor?
Salesman
The seller is great!
He sells goods -
Milk, sour cream, honey.
And the other - carrots, tomatoes,
He has a rich selection!
The third one sells boots,
Shoes and sandals.
And the fourth is a table and a closet,
Chairs, hat hangers.
The sellers know the products.
They don't waste time.
Everything we ask for will be sold.
This is their usual work!
Imagine that you and your mother are going to a bookstore to buy a gift for a friend. There are so many books here! All of them are located by departments. And here is the children's literature section. There are many books here with elegant, bright covers, with color pictures. There are fairy tales, short stories, collections of poems for children... You begin to leaf through the books lying on
counter, and the salesman immediately approaches you. He knows everything about the products in his department! And who is the author of this book, and by what publishing house it was published, and in what year. The seller smiles at you, he is friendly, and easily enters into conversation. No wonder they say that “a book should be sold with conversation”!
The seller can advise you which book to choose and what other publications the store has on this topic.
You leave the bookstore happy with your purchase!
The sales profession is divided into several specialties.
(clothes, shoes, furniture, books, electrical equipment, etc.)
2. food sellers
(vegetables, fruits, confectionery, etc.).
What does a salesperson's job actually consist of?
Workers come to the store before it opens. They need to have time to prepare the goods for sale, put them on display and on the counter. The seller must know his product perfectly, its properties, remember prices, sizes,
location of goods. This means that the seller needs a good professional memory! Appearance is also important in this profession! A trade worker's overalls must be immaculately clean and his hairstyle must be neat. Agree, you don’t want to buy goods from a gloomy, sloppily dressed seller! But the main thing, of course, is a kind, respectful attitude towards people, politeness, tact, and a charming smile. What kind of people should choose a sales profession? For those who like to communicate with people. After all, most of the time the seller is on
people. The ability to maintain an even, calm mood in any situation, restraint, tact, polite speech, a friendly smile and, of course, good health - these are the qualities needed by a seller.
Questions:
1. What character qualities should a trade worker have?
2. What should a seller of electrical goods, household goods, a shoe seller and
clothes? What about the bookseller? Why is it said that "A book must be sold with
conversation"?
3. What difficulties do you think await people who choose this profession?
4. What attracts you to being a salesperson?
5. Would you like to choose such a profession in the future?
Shoemaker
Master, master, help -
The boots are worn out!
Drive the nails in harder -
We'll go visit today!
Dear friends! Look at your feet! You are all wearing shoes, some in slippers, some in shoes, some in sandals, some in boots. How many of you know how people wore shoes in ancient times? (Children's answers.)
Even primitive people of the Stone Age already wore primitive shoes: they wrapped the foot with a piece of skin or bark, which was secured to the leg using flexible roots, plant stems, strips of leather or animal veins. IN Ancient Rus' In spring and autumn, peasants wore bast shoes woven from linden bast, the thin top layer of linden bark. The bast shoes were light, comfortable, and the legs could breathe through the holes in them. In the summer, peasants walked barefoot, and this is very beneficial for both the feet and the entire human body as a whole. After all, walking barefoot is a wonderful workout! But winters in Rus' are harsh, frosty and snowy. Therefore, the Slavs learned to felt warm and comfortable felt boots from wool. In European countries in the Middle Ages, it took a long time to learn the art of shoemaking. The shoes were made in different ways. Rich people could afford shoes, shoes and boots made by a shoemaker from genuine leather. Kings and courtiers sported boots decorated with gold, silver, precious stones, and pearls. The work of a shoemaker was a real art, distinguished by careful finishing, and was highly valued by people.
In Russia, the first shoe factories were built about a hundred years ago. Now shoe factories They sew a huge number of different shoes - from slippers to evening weekend shoes, from sports sneakers to high-heeled boots. Factories, of course, are equipped with automatic and semi-automatic machines. Let's talk about what is the work of a shoemaker who sews shoes according to individual orders. These craftsmen work in a shoe sewing studio. Based on a sketch (drawing, outline) of the fashion designer, they first create the model on paper, and then manufacture it all from start to finish. As a rule, such craftsmen use hand tools: pliers, an awl. Specialists in custom shoe tailoring also work in theater workshops. Shoes for “kings”, “nobles”, “princesses”, “musketeers” and fairy tale heroes are made here. Therefore, the master shoemaker knows the history of shoes well, remembers in what centuries, what was worn by noble people and ordinary townspeople and peasants.
If your heel breaks or your sole is worn out, you go to a shoemaker. Here the master will repair your shoes, make heels, and change the soles. The work of a shoemaker will extend the life of your shoes.
Questions:
1. What kind of work do shoemakers do?
2.
What do master shoemakers do in shoe shops?
Builder
We are builders!
Alyosha and I together
Let's build a good house.
Let us not have bricks,
Kiln hardened
And there are a lot of colored cubes -
We will build a house from them!
We have an excavator.
Lifting crane. A KamAZ
Cubes is brought up by a box.
Like at a real construction site.
We place cube on cube,
The house is growing quickly.
With a bright red roof
The house came out beautiful.
Let's be like parents
We are builders!
Dear Guys! Let's talk about the work of a builder - one of the most important professions on earth.
Look around! Residential buildings, schools, shops, kindergartens, libraries, palaces of culture, and metro stations - all this is the work of builders. In Ancient Rus', our ancestors built houses from wood. Rus' was a country of dense forests, and wood is an excellent building material. They built houses from different types of trees, most often from strong, mighty spruces. No wonder it was said: “The spruce hut is a healthy heart!” Who built the log peasant huts and the carved princely and boyar mansions?
Carpenters. And the main and sometimes only tool of these masters was an ax. Saws appeared later, and carpenters used them less often. “The fact is that an ax, cutting a log, compacts and flattens the wood. The cut made with an ax is shiny and smooth, water hardly penetrates into it. But the saw breaks up the wood fibers and
makes them easy targets for rot. The carpenter skillfully cut out beautiful window frames with an ax, intricately decorated the porch, and crowned the roof ridge with a carved figure.
How to build a modern city house?
The building materials of modern buildings are wood, brick, concrete, reinforced concrete, glass, and stainless steel. Workers of different specialties take part in the construction of the house - both masons and
carpenters, painters, plumbers, tilers, as well as excavator operators, crane operators, drivers, roofers, electric welders... When a house is designed by an architect and a site for construction is chosen, the excavator operator scoops out sand and clay with a huge bucket of his machine. A pit is formed - a deep, large hole. Then the construction workers lay a solid foundation at the site of the pit, and then the masons erect the walls, laying bricks in even rows. To ensure that the bricks hold tightly, they are placed on cement mortar.
Modern buildings can be built not only from brick, but also from reinforced concrete panels or blocks. Accordingly, such houses are called panel or block. From morning to evening, work is in full swing at the construction site. Huge dump trucks deliver concrete, sand, bricks, and pipes. After all, water, gas, and
electricity. When the outside of the house is ready, roofers cover the roof and finishing work begins. Teams of painters, tilers, and carpenters get to work. Carpenters install window frames and doors, painters paint frames, staircases, whitewash ceilings, hang wallpaper, plumbers install sinks and bathtubs in apartments, tilers lay tiles in the kitchen and bathroom, glaziers glaze windows and balconies. Who else have we forgotten? (Children's answers.)
That's right, electricians who supply electricity to apartments install sockets and switches, and gas workers supply gas and install gas stoves in the kitchen.
To keep the house warm, mechanics install heating radiators and pipes. There is work for both electric welders and drivers of trucks and cranes, lifting the necessary materials higher and higher. Modern builders often master several construction specialties at once. And now the beautiful house is ready! How much joy bright, cozy apartments bring to new residents, where everything is new, clean,
made with love.
Let's think together what qualities are needed for builders of different specialties? (Children's answers.) That's right! Physical training, excellent mastery of the profession, great hard work and considerable physical strength, skillful hands and the desire to do what people need, to bring them joy with their work!
1. Why is the construction profession one of the most important?
2. What were they built from? old times in Rus'? Why?
3. What are houses built from now?
4. What are builders who work with wood called? What tool do they use?
carpenters?
5. Workers of what specialties are involved in the construction of a house?
Driver
Dear Guys! Try to solve this riddle:
He drives the car skillfully -
After all, this is not the first year I’ve been driving!
The tight tires rustle slightly.
He takes us around the city.
What kind of profession is a driver? The driver of a passenger car carries people, and a truck driver transports various goods. But that one too
and the other must know perfectly well the structure of the car and skillfully drive it, especially on the streets of a big city, where there are a lot of vehicles and pedestrians.
Rules traffic The driver must learn them by heart and never violate them! A driver who works as a taxi driver takes people around the city. He knows all the city streets and alleys well. A truck is much larger and more powerful than a car. Driving such a big car is not that easy! Therefore, truck drivers are very highly qualified.
Listen to a poem about the work of a truck driver.
My truck
That's a huge truck!
I'm used to driving it
I carry loads on it,
If they are building a new house.
To all machines he is a machine -
A real colossus!
Carries bricks, sand,
He could move a mountain!
The whole day we are alone with him,
I'm in the cockpit behind the wheel.
He is obedient, as if alive,
It's like he's my friend.
I'll turn on the music quietly
And I'll spin the steering wheel,
Is it raining, is it snowing,
Let's go, we'll go forward!
Before leaving, the driver carefully checks the serviceability of his car. If there is the slightest malfunction, the car should not go out on the track; it should be taken care of by a specialist mechanic. Many drivers work on public transport - trams, buses,
trolleybuses. Before entering the tracks, these vehicles are checked by mechanics, and the driver is examined by a doctor. The driver must be healthy! After all, during the flight he is responsible for the lives of many people.
At stops, the driver presses a special button and opens the doors. Some passengers get off the bus, tram or trolleybus, while others enter.
A lot of guys, when asked what they want to become when they grow up, answer: a driver! Indeed, this profession is interesting! The car is always in motion, the landscape outside the window is constantly changing, and the people inside the car are also changing. But the driver’s profession places high demands on a person. He must have quick reaction, excellent memory, endurance, strength, the ability to instantly make the right decision in a difficult situation, good health, and excellent eyesight.
The driver must accurately distinguish all light signals and have excellent hearing. The profession of a driver attracts people who are lively, active, and who love variety and frequent changes of impressions.
1. Tell us about the driver's job.
2. What types of transport do drivers use?
3. Why is this profession considered very responsible?
4. What should the driver know?
5. What qualities should a person who chooses this profession have?
6. Would you like to become a driver?
Doctor
If your ear hurts,
If your throat becomes dry,
Don't worry and don't cry -
After all, the doctor will help you!
Today we’ll talk about the profession of a doctor. Imagine that on a hot summer day you walked in the park, drank cold kvass, and ate several servings of ice cream. By the evening you had a headache, a fever, a sore throat, and a runny nose. It's clear - you're sick! In the morning, mom will call the district clinic and call a children's doctor - pediatrician to the house. The local pediatrician observes the children living in his area from the very beginning. early age, makes sure that they receive all vaccinations on time, treats them in case of illness, gives recommendations to parents on daily routine, nutrition, and refers children to other specialists. He is always friendly, attentive, loves to joke, and knows how to win people over. Some kids are afraid of doctors and cannot tell themselves what hurts them. Therefore, it is so important for the pediatrician to quickly find contact with the child.
Natasha has a strong cough,
And the head is hot.
Mom called Natasha
Children's doctor in the morning.
Tell me what happened? -
The doctor asked a simple question.
The girl whispers timidly:
I ate ice cream
That's why I got sick.
The throat looks red, -
The doctor says to mom,
Tea with raspberry jam -
This is a wonderful treatment.
And more vitamins -
Fresh berries, tangerines.
Since ancient times, people have tried to prevent and treat diseases. This is how medicine appeared and began to develop.
Primitive people knew beneficial features plants, mineral waters, some substances of animal origin.
In Ancient Rus', herbalists collected medicinal herbs, dried them, and used them to treat ailments. “For every disease there is a herb,” that’s what they believed. There has long been a saying in Rus': “The bow and the bathhouse rule everything.” People knew about the useful
properties of onions and garlic, they were added to food. Indeed, in fact, these plants contain special volatile substances - phytoncides, which have a detrimental effect on pathogenic microbes. Bundles of onions and garlic hung in peasant huts. There is also a saying: “The bow cures seven ailments.” Our ancestors loved to steam in baths, whip each other with birch brooms - they drove out the disease.
Modern medicine, of course, is equipped with the latest achievements of science and technology: instruments and devices, tools, medicines. But with all the achievements of medicine, the main figure in it remains the doctor and his assistants - nurses and nurses. "No device can replace the sensitive heart of a doctor, his kind soul", -
wrote the academician.
“The profession of a doctor is a feat; it requires selflessness, purity of soul and purity of thoughts,”- said the doctor and writer.
If one of the adults in the family gets sick, the clinic calls general practitioner(this word comes from the Greek word meaning care, care, treatment). The diseases treated by therapists are the most common. The work of a therapist requires knowledge, thoughtfulness, attentive attitude to the patient. First of all, the therapist recognizes what his patient is suffering from, that is, makes a diagnosis. Once the diagnosis is made, the doctor prescribes treatment. Disease prevention, such as vaccinations, is also very important in the work of a general practitioner.
Medical specialists treat various diseases.
Infectious disease physician fights infectious diseases. Once upon a time, epidemics (an epidemic is the widespread spread of any infectious disease) of plague, smallpox, cholera, and anthrax claimed the lives of hundreds of thousands of people, more than any wars. Now these diseases can be considered defeated. But even in our time, there are infections that are easily transmitted from a sick person to a healthy one. They are treated in special infectious diseases hospitals.
Surgeon- the most heroic of medical professions, a surgeon in a hospital must be prepared every day for any surprises; he has deep knowledge, enormous endurance, and “golden” hands.
The surgeon stands at the operating table for many hours, assisted by a team of doctors and nurses - operating team.
Courage, perseverance, precision are important qualities of a surgeon.
Ophthalmologist (from the Greek word for "eye") and optometrist treats eye diseases. Before entering school or kindergarten, a child must be shown to an ophthalmologist. Using special tables, the doctor determines whether the baby has visual defects. Ophthalmologists treat eye diseases and perform operations under a microscope. Ophthalmologists truly perform a miracle - a blind person sees again!
Dentist treats teeth and gums. The word "stoma" in Greek means "mouth". You, of course, know how important it is to brush your teeth to keep them healthy and strong.
Brushing our teeth
We brush our teeth with mint paste,
Fragrant and pleasant,
We use the brush skillfully.
Your teeth will become very white!
It happens that an accident occurs on the road or at work and people are injured; or a person became ill on the street, at home, at work. In all these cases we call " Ambulance"
- call number "03". The ambulance doctors have a car (you've seen it, of course - it's white with a red cross). The doctor must immediately assess the situation, quickly make a diagnosis and begin to act. If necessary, then after providing first aid, take the person to the hospital.
Now you know, dear friends, what specialties doctors have and what their work consists of.
I would like to add that doctors working in the clinic, in the hospital, are helped nurses and aides. They nurse seriously ill patients, give injections, give patients medications in a timely manner, and take them to procedures.
The nurses keep order and cleanliness in the ward and help the nurses care for the sick.
What qualities does a doctor need? (Children's answers.) Right! Love for people, responsive heart, deep knowledge, skillful hands, good memory, dedication and sense of duty.
1. What is the name of the doctor who treats children?
2. Do you know the name of your local pediatrician by name and patronymic?
3. What qualities do you like about him?
4. Would you like to become a doctor?
5. Tell us about the work of the Ambulance
Cook
Cook - master of cabbage soup, borscht
And vegetable stew.
He will cook a delicious broth,
He can bake a cake.
The cake will be decorated with chocolate,
Cream and candied fruits.
We are happy about the beautiful cake,
Let's eat it with the guys.
The cook really knows how to cook deliciously; he can prepare any dish appetizingly and beautifully: a salad or a cake. Do you think his job is difficult or easy? (Children's answers.)
Some guys may think that it’s not difficult at all! Every day they see their mother or grandmother preparing breakfast, lunch, dinner: cooking cabbage soup or frying potatoes in a frying pan. But it’s one thing to cook a delicious dinner for three or four people, and quite another thing to cook for one hundred or two hundred people! Chefs provide delicious and satisfying food to adults and children in sanatoriums and rest homes, in restaurants, canteens and cafes, in camps, schools and kindergartens. An old Russian proverb says: “A good cook is worth a doctor.” Why do you think? (Children's answers.) Correct! Human health largely depends on nutrition. Eating dry food, on the run, at the wrong time can lead to stomach diseases, as well as a monotonous diet that lacks vitamins and other nutrients.
A modern chef works in a specially equipped kitchen. What's not there! And electric ovens, and refrigeration units, and automatic machines for preparing dough, and a variety of mixers, and automatic knives for peeling and cutting vegetables. But the cook also has hand tools - long forks with two prongs for meat, a huge spoon for pouring soups, a wooden oar that actually looks like a boat oar. The cook uses it to stir the porridge. But porridges, soups, cabbage soup and borscht are not cooked in
pans, but in huge cauldrons! A chef must have an excellent memory! He knows and remembers how to prepare certain dishes, how much and what foods to put in, what side dishes to serve (i.e. vegetables, cereals) for cutlets, chicken, fish, meat.
How many ways do you think there are to cut potatoes?
Three four? No, you didn't guess. There are more than a dozen such methods. Here are just a few of them:
straws, sticks, cubes, circles, slices, shavings, barrels, balls...
The profession of a cook is usually chosen by a person who loves to cook, showing imagination and invention. Many famous chefs come up with new dishes themselves. Putting on a snow-white robe and cap, the cook “casts a spell” over the pots, mixes something, tops it up, and fries it.
By the way, people in this profession must have a keen sense of smell and well-developed senses of taste. The chefs know the chef's secrets
Cooking delicious dishes. Let's thank them for this - Being a chef is not an easy job!
1. Why do you think it is said: “A good cook is worth a doctor”?
2. What is the job of a cook?
3. What appliances are equipped in a modern kitchen in a restaurant or dining room? Which
Do you have any appliances in your kitchen at home?
4. Who cooks food in your family? Whether you help your mother or grandmother prepare breakfast,
lunch, dinner?
5. What is your favorite dish?
6. Would you like to choose this profession? Why?
Firefighter
We are firefighters
In a bright red car
We are rushing forward.
The work is hard and dangerous
It's waiting for us firefighters.
The piercing howl of a siren
Can stun
We will be both water and foam
We are putting out the fire.
And people in trouble
We can help
We will fight the flames
We are both day and night!
Since time immemorial, man has learned to make fire. People turned the hot flames into their friends and helpers. “Fire is warmth, light, food, protection from enemies. Man deified it, composing myths and songs about it.” But imagine that fire broke out from under the power of man. It soars, fanned by gusts of wind, like the fiery Serpent Gorynych, from whose open mouth hot sparks rain down. They set fire to everything in their path, destroy forests, people's homes,
livestock The power of a raging fire is very difficult to cope with! But there are people whose profession is to defeat fire, saving people in trouble. They are fearless, strong, trained, selfless. What are people in this profession called? (Children's answers.) That's right! Firefighters.
How to say correctly: “firefighter” or “firefighter”?
The modern dictionary of the Russian language explains these words as synonyms, that is, words that have the same meaning. This means that you can say both fireman and fireman. There will be no mistakes!
In ancient times, houses in Rus' were built from wood. Village houses covered with thatch, city houses, princely carved towers and fortress walls that protected the city from enemies were wooden.
Why do you think? (Children's answers.) That's right! After all, Russia is a country of forests. Wood is the most accessible, cheap and convenient material for construction in our country. Once upon a time, our ancient capital Moscow was made of wood and suffered from fires many times. When buildings caught fire in the city, firefighters rang a huge bell - they sounded the alarm, calling residents to help. They also built tall, tall towers in cities - fire towers. Firefighters were on duty on the towers day and night and looked carefully to see if there was smoke or fire in the city.
What is the job of firefighters?
It is easier to prevent a fire than to extinguish it. Therefore, firefighters inspect every building, not a single new house is built without their permission - no factory or plant is built, no new one appears construction material. Firefighters inspect warehouses, shops, hotels, cafes and restaurants and check fire safety everywhere. In addition, firefighters constantly train, conduct special exercises, and engage in
gyms, so that during not a training fire, but a real fire, they can demonstrate dexterity, strength, and dexterity.
Firefighters wear special clothing to protect them from fire and smoke. They wear a steel helmet on their head, their pants and jacket are made of thick tarpaulin, and their feet are wearing durable and comfortable boots. After all, a firefighter fearlessly goes into a fire! If you smell burning, see smoke or fire, immediately call “01” for a fire brigade.
How many of you know what firefighters use to get around the city? (Children's answers.) That's right! They have specially equipped fire trucks at their disposal. They are bright red with a folding ladder on the roof. As they rush through the streets, all other cars give way to them after hearing the loud sound of a fire siren. Fire trucks drive several at a time. Each car has a brigade of firefighters. What can cause a fire? And what needs to be done to avoid this disaster?
(Children's answers.)
How do firefighters extinguish raging flames? ( Children's answers.) Right! Fill with water from special hoses. They are called "sleeves". Water is pumped into the hoses by a pump, which firefighters bring in a fire truck.
In addition, the fire is extinguished with special foam contained in
fire extinguisher Firefighters fearlessly make their way into burning buildings and save people. They are helped by a high folding ladder, along which they penetrate into the burning house through windows and balconies.
Sometimes firefighting helicopters get involved and help rescue people from burning multi-storey buildings.
Forest fires are extinguished using special planes and helicopters. The cause of a forest fire can be a poorly extinguished fire, an abandoned burning cigarette, lightning during a thunderstorm, or even a shard of glass collecting the sun's rays.
The profession of a firefighter requires fearlessness, dedication, dexterity, self-control and
speed of reaction, strength and good health.
Questions:
1. What qualities should a firefighter have? Why?
2. Why is this work called dangerous?
3. What do you think could cause a fire?
4. Why do forest fires occur?
5. How do firefighters put out a fire?
6. Would you like to choose the profession of a firefighter?
7. What phone number should you call in case of fire?
Accountant
There is an accountant in a restaurant,
Both in the factory and in the bathhouse.
He keeps track of money:
Where is the expense and where is the income,
He knows mathematics
He can quickly count the numbers,
Here is the expense, and here is the income -
Nothing will be lost!
Dear Guys! Let's talk about the accounting profession. This is a very common profession! At every enterprise: in a store, cafe,
factories, factories, restaurants and bakeries must have an accountant.
This employee maintains special accounting books that contain documents and accounts. An accountant keeps records of all the money in a business. It takes into account expenses and income. For example, in the cafe you visited, money is spent on purchasing goods, juices, ice cream, and paying employees. Cafe managers have to pay for gas, water, electricity, and for the use of the premises. And the money comes from the visitors of the cafe: they pay for juices, pastries, cakes, ice cream and for service by the waiter.
Accounting is very necessary and important. If you don’t keep track of income and expenses, then there will be no order in the organization’s work! In addition, without accounting, the state would not be able to control the work
enterprises. What qualities do you think an accountant should have? (Children's answers.) That's right! An accountant needs thoroughness in his work, attention and concentration, good knowledge of mathematics, perseverance and patience.
Questions
1. What does the word accountant mean?
2. What does this employee do?
3. What qualities should a person who chooses such a job have?
4. Would you like to become an accountant? Why?
Manager
The manager runs the company
Both intelligently and skillfully.
Distributes money like this
So that the business grows and becomes stronger.
He gives instructions
To all your employees.
For the company to move forward.
It brought them profit.
Guys, have you heard of such a profession as a manager? If not, then I will tell you about it. A manager is a specialist or manager of an enterprise. He must have knowledge in many fields of technology, science, as well as in the field of enterprise management. After all, the decisions he makes determine whether a plant, factory, publishing house, printing house, etc. will prosper or decline. An experienced manager knows how to anticipate market demand, analyze (i.e. study by
consideration and comparison of individual aspects, properties of something) and the actions of other enterprises.
But perhaps the most important quality of a manager is the ability to work with people!
He can fire an employee who fails to cope with his duties and is unable to complete the assignment. Maybe he will hire a good employee. Any enterprise exists thanks to the conscientious work of its employees. Therefore, the manager knows his subordinates very well, their abilities, capabilities, and desire to work.
He protects the interests of employees, creates for them good conditions work and rest. First of all, the manager must be creative person, a knowledgeable specialist in his field, capable of making important decisions independently. He must be able to manage
activities of many people and allocate the resources (that is, supplies and funds that are used as needed) of the enterprise in the best possible way.
Questions:
1. Tell us about the profession of a manager.
2. What qualities must a person who has chosen such a specialty have in order for the enterprise to be successful?
3. What should a manager know?
4. Would you like to choose this profession?
Rescuer
They will come to our aid.
When the ocean is stormy
When an earthquake
Typhoon or flood.
Risking their lives, they will save us -
Such dangerous work they have!
(A typhoon is a hurricane of great destructive power.) You, of course, guessed that we are talking about rescuers. These fearless people are always
find themselves in the most dangerous places on our planet, saving lives during storms, tornadoes, hurricanes, mudflows (Mudflow is a stormy stream carrying dirt and stones that occurs in the mountains during heavy rains or melting ice.), avalanches and other natural disasters . How do they do this?
Rescuer- a special profession! Many rescuers have sports categories in mountaineering and rock climbing, they are also proficient in the profession of divers, and have the most modern equipment. They have the latest technical equipment at their disposal; rescuers are able to provide
emergency (urgent, urgent) assistance to victims.
It is the rescuers who extract people alive from the rubble of houses destroyed by the earthquake. Risking their lives, they take out victims during floods. We also turn to the help of rescuers in everyday situations when there are no natural disasters. Here the kid stuck his hand between two sections of the steam heating battery. And pull it out
can't go back! Mom immediately called the rescue service, and the rescuers cut the battery and freed the little captive. There are many examples when rescuers helped people, rescuing them from
troubles.
I think you can guess what qualities a person who has chosen such a profession should have. Of course, this is courage, strength, dedication, good sports and physical training, the ability to instantly assess the situation and make the only right decision, an ardent desire to help people in trouble. In general, a rescuer is the profession of real men!
Questions:
1. Who saves people during natural disasters?
2. Who do we turn to if we are in trouble at home?
3. What qualities do rescuers need?
4. What requirements does this profession place on people?
5. Would you like to become a lifeguard?
Oilman
Oil provides heat and light -
There is simply no replacement for her.
They make a lot out of oil:
And asphalt roads
And suits and shirts,
Amazing cups!
Remember how a diesel locomotive
I once took you to the sea...
Oil was burning in its furnaces,
Without oil, what's the point?
And not for nothing in our region,
Every oil worker knows this,
Looking forward to it
They call it black gold.
Dear Guys. You live on a beautiful land. Her world is diverse and unique. Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous region(KhMAO) is a huge territory of the north. Our district belongs Russian Federation. It has its own territory, coat of arms, flag.
Our district is surrounded by amazing forests, rivers and lakes. Geologists have discovered huge oil deposits in the depths of our regions. Oil is a mineral called “liquid black gold.” It is also called “stone oil”. How did she appear? Scientists believe that it was formed from plants and animals that lived many years ago in the warm waters of the oceans that covered the earth's surface. Dying, animals and plants accumulated at the bottom. Over time, they were covered by millions of tons of sand and silt. The pressure turned the silt and sand into hard rock. The remains of plants and animals turned into a dark liquid collected in the pores of the rock. The movement of the earth's crust turned part of the seabed into dry land. A certain amount of this liquid appeared on the earth's surface, where man discovered it.
This mineral is found deep in the ground, and extracting it is not at all easy. Maybe someone guessed what I want to tell you about? Today we will talk to you about the profession of oilman.
Oil workers extract oil from the depths of the earth. First, the drilling rig is installed. The method used to drill an oil well is a large pipe that goes deep into the ground. - Using rocker pumps, oil is lifted to the surface of the earth and sent through pipes to factories. You've probably seen these rocking pumps - they look like huge keys.
Oil drilling rigs are installed far in the taiga. The place where the drilling rig is installed is called an oil field. The deposits have their own names, for example: Samatlorskoye, Salymskoye, Priobskoye. Oil workers get to their place of work by helicopter, and move around the taiga in all-terrain vehicles. The work of an oil worker is very difficult; they have to keep a 24-hour watch at the rig, despite the weather. It is especially not easy to extract oil and gas in our harsh Northern region
Oil workers extract oil, and from oil they produce gasoline, oils, and kerosene. With the help of the oil that oil workers extract, we get light, heat, it powers cars, tractors, planes and ships - oil brings enormous benefits to humans.
1. What mineral did we learn about?
2. What is it popularly called?
3. What is the name of the oil extraction plant?
4. Would you like to become an oil worker and why?
Actor
The art of theater was born a very long time ago. But even today people love theater. You've probably been to theaters more than once to watch interesting performances. Do you know how many people worked to prepare one performance? Writers, actors, directors, composers, costume designers, artists, clarifiers and stagehands!
The actor works in the theater. Thanks to the skill of the actors, any characters come to life on stage. You watch the play and believe that in front of you are the real Pinocchio and Malvina, Little Red Riding Hood and Gray wolf. Costumes, wigs and makeup help actors transform into different characters. To become a good actor, you need special talent and a lot of work. The actors rehearse every day, learn their roles by heart, and train their voices and movements. They must know and see a lot and be very attentive to other actors on stage. This is one of the most ancient and beloved professions. In the old days, traveling actors staged performances right in the open air. They performed at fairs and during holidays and brought great joy to people.
Trainer
There is a special theater in Moscow - a corner named after. . It was once arranged by the famous trainer Vladimir Durov. In this theater, trained animals work as actors. Four-legged and feathered actors are trained for work by people of a rare and complex profession - trainers.
Probably everyone has seen brave artists who command ferocious predators. Are trainers really not afraid of lions or tigers at all?
Trainers know the habits of animals well. People of this profession are very patient and observant. They love their students and try to choose roles they like. For example, it is known that the striped raccoon loves to dip all sorts of objects into water. And the raccoon is given the role of a washerwoman in the play! Trainers usually take animals in when they are still babies, take care of them, and educate them. And the animals completely trust these people. For example, they jump on command into a burning hoop, although all animals are afraid of fire, ride a bike, play football, catch balls...
Teacher
Ask your mom and dad if they remember their first teacher? They'll probably say yes and even say her name. In the first grades, the same teacher teaches schoolchildren the basics of various sciences, transfers to them his knowledge and skills. This is a teacher primary school. After the third or fourth grade, you will be taught by several teachers at once. Teachers of native and foreign languages, mathematics, biology, physics, chemistry, history, geography, physical education, singing, dancing, labor...
To become a teacher, you need to graduate from a pedagogical school or pedagogical institute. Good teacher Not only does he know a lot. He also knows how to properly pass on his knowledge to children. Knows how to make sure that the student is not distracted, so that he is interested in the lesson. And, of course, he loves and understands his students.
The work of a teacher is very difficult and responsible. Because it is the teacher who gives the first knowledge to future cosmonauts, scientists, captains, metallurgists, writers, trainers, weavers, divers and people of other professions.
Used Books
“Conversations with preschoolers about professions” “Conversations about professions” ABC of local history “Native land” Plot - role-playing games for preschool children / . Ed. 2nd – Rostov n/d.: Phoenix, 2007 Education and play: Methodological manual. – M.: Mosaic – Synthesis, 2004
1. Introduction
2. A series of conversations for children 4-7 years old
3. What is a profession? (introductory lesson)
4. Librarian
5. Soldier
6. Educator
7. Hairdresser
8. Tailor (seamstress)
9. Seller
10. Shoemaker
11. Builder
12. Driver
15. Fireman
16. Accountant
17. Manager
18. Rescuer
19. Oilman
20. Literature used
CARD No. 1
Conversation on the topic: “Good Doctor Aibolit.”
Goals:
1. Strengthening children's health.
2. Replenishing children's knowledge about ways to improve health.
3. Development of coordination, strength and dexterity of movements.
4. Consolidation and addition of knowledge about the medical profession and personal hygiene.
Dr. Aibolit:
I'll come to Sasha,
I'll come to Vova,
Hello children!
Who is sick with you?
How are you living? How's your tummy?
Doesn't your head hurt?...
Greets and gets to know children;
Measures everyone's temperature with a large cardboard thermometer (asks the children what it is, what the thermometer is for);
Talks about hygiene before meals, about breakfast.
Reading an excerpt from K. Chukovsky’s fairy tale “Doctor Aibolit.”
Aibolit says that he received a letter and reads it:
Aibolit invites children to help cure the animals.
The doctor shows the instruments: phonendoscopes, thermometers, spatulas.
Children name (or learn the names of) instruments. Then they perform the appropriate actions, discussing them. During the actions of children, Aibolit reminds that the patient also needs to speak kind words.
A game:
Aibolit takes out a bottle of vitamins, opens it, and it is empty. Invites children to make vitamins from napkins. By rolling.
Children give the animals vitamins. Doctor Aibolit solemnly announces that the animals have recovered.
So as not to get sick, little animals,
Do exercises in the morning!
The doctor says goodbye and leaves.
CARD No. 2
Conversation on the topic: “Transport”
Target: Strengthen children's understanding of vehicles.
Reinforce the general concept of “Transport”.
In outdoor games, learn to walk in a column one at a time, slow down and speed up the movement, not push others, move together, balance movements with each other, be attentive to your play partners.
Progress: There are toys on the teacher’s table: a train, a plane, a car. The teacher asks:
Guys, what's on my desk?
Children's answers (plane, car, train).
How can you call this in one word?
Children's answers.
Right. This is transport. What is transport needed for?
Children's answers (drive, fly, travel).
And again true. Transport helps people move and travel. Do you love to travel?
Children's answers (yes).
Today we will try to travel by all these modes of transport. It's better to travel with friends.
Let's get on the train and go.
Outdoor game "Train".
The teacher says: “You will be the carriages, and I will be the locomotive!” Children stand one after another. The locomotive blows its whistle. The train begins to move. The locomotive must move slowly so that the carriages do not lag behind. Children sing while driving.
Suddenly the teacher stops:
Children's answers (gasoline, steam locomotive, wheels, rails).
Right! But the railway is over, there are no more rails, which means that the train is not going any further, and our journey must continue on something else. But on what? Guess the riddle:
Floats boldly in the sky,
Overtaking birds in flight.
Man controls it
What is this? -... (airplane)
Right! But in order for such a large iron “bird” to fly, it needs a magic motor.
Outdoor game "Airplanes"". The children stand on one side of the room. The teacher says: "Get ready for the flight! Start the engines!" After the teacher's signal "Let's fly!" they spread their arms to the sides (like the wings of an airplane) and fly - they scatter in different directions. At the teacher's signal "Landing!" they head to their seats. The game is repeated 3-4 times.
Educator:
Well, here we go. Did you like it? (Children’s answers)
Educator: - Guys, our journey ends, it’s time for us to go to kindergarten! Guess the riddle (V Stepanov):
Drinks gasoline like milk
Can run far
Carries goods and people.
Of course you know her. Children's answers (car).
Right! Tell me, if a car carries cargo, it is ... (cargo). What if the car carries people? Children's answers (passenger car).
Outdoor game "Taxi". Children stand inside a large hoop (1 m in diameter), hold it in their lowered hands: one at one side of the rim, the other at the opposite side, one after the other. The first child is a taxi driver, the second is a passenger. Children move around the room. The teacher makes sure that they do not collide. After a while they change roles.
Educator:
Well, our journey has come to an end. What, guys, helped us travel? Children's answers (plane, car, train).
Right. In a word, it can be called transport.
CARD No. 3
Conversation on the topic: "How wild animals prepare for winter"
Target:- continue to form an idea of preparing animals for winter, their adaptation to seasonal changes.
Reinforce the general concept of “Wild Animals”, learn to guess descriptive riddles about wild animals. Strengthen children's knowledge about wild and domestic animals. Expand children's horizons by introducing children to animals.
Move :
“Hello guys, today we will talk about how “wild animals prepare for wintering”
Guys, now I’ll tell you riddles, and you try to solve them.
Children's answers (hedgehog, bear, hare, squirrel)
Educator: Well done guys, you guessed all the riddles, but please answer me - How can we call all these animals in one word? (if they can’t answer, I ask leading questions). For example: Guys, where do they live? What pets do you know? Why are they homemade? What wild animals do you know? That's right guys, let's call all these animals wild. How smart you are.
Guys, what time of year is it now?
Children (winter)
The animals of the forest have the hardest time. Guys, do you know how animals prepare to meet winter?
Children's answers (changing wool, preparing holes, dens, winter supplies)
Educator: They change their summer wool to a thicker, warmer one. (Show pictures of a squirrel and a hare) And some animals will sleep peacefully in their houses all winter. Who is this? Bear and hedgehog. (Show pictures of a bear and a hedgehog)
A game:
Guys, now, let's rest a little. Let's do animal exercises. We look at me and repeat exactly after me.
Educator: - Guys, what new did you learn in class? What animals came to our classes? Wild. Where do they live? In the forest. What words have we learned? Guys, the squirrel and the hedgehog say thank you very much and they also brought you a gift, a book about them, about animals.
CARD No. 4
Conversation on the topic: “Safe road”
Goals:
Foster respect for professions. Reinforce the rules of the road with children. Know the colors of traffic lights.
Develop attention and location awareness. Know that you cannot play on the roadway.
Teach children to follow traffic rules.
Teacher's story: One day Luntik came down to our earth. He was right on the road. He stands there and doesn’t know what to do, but cars are driving around him. He sees his uncle standing and waving his wand. He approached him, greeted him and asked him: “Who are you and where did I end up?”
The uncle answers him: “I am a policeman, a traffic controller.” You are in a very dangerous place, it’s called a road. You can't play here because there are a lot of cars driving here. And they might run you over. I help car drivers and pedestrians navigate the road. I have helpers:
A wand, it's called a wand. I use it to indicate the direction of where and who can go now, and who needs to stand.
There is a special crossing for pedestrians. It's called Zebra
Traffic light. He has 3 eyes. Red, yellow and green. Pedestrians know that on red they need to stand, on yellow they need to get ready, and on green they can cross the street.
All pedestrians must walk on the sidewalk; this is a designated safe place for them.
There are also special signs that will help you navigate (showing a pedestrian crossing sign, traffic light, children).
And these are all called traffic rules. They must be followed and then nothing bad will happen to you.
Luntik was very happy that they helped him and told him everything, thanked the policeman and said:
I learned that playing on the road is life-threatening. I realized that you need to cross the street at the zebra crossing and only when the traffic light is green. Now I know the rules of the road and will be an exemplary pedestrian and will definitely tell my friends about them!
Game: "Safe crossing of the road"
1. What kind of cars drive on the road? (Cars and trucks).
2. What is the name of the place where cars drive? (Road) .
3. What is the name of the safe part of the street where people walk? (Sidewalk) .
4. What is the name of the person who drives the car? (Driver, chauffeur).
5. What is the name of a person walking along a zebra crossing? (A pedestrian) .
6. What colors does the traffic light have? (Red, yellow, green).
7. At what color of traffic light can you cross the road? (green) .
8. Where is it allowed to cross the road? (Along the zebra).
9. Who helps regulate traffic at the intersection? (Traffic controller).
10. What are the rules called that help pedestrians and drivers stay safe? (Traffic Laws)
Educator:
Road rules
You must remember.
And then they can be useful to you!
CARD No. 5
Conversation on the topic: "Favorite toy"
Target:
Develop an emotional response to your favorite poem through plot-based play. Teach children to handle toys carefully.
Progress:
Children enter the group. There is a bear toy lying on the floor; the bear is missing one leg.
Educator:
- Who is this?
Children
- Bear.
Educator:
- Why is he so sad?
Children(choral and individual answers):
- He doesn't have a paw.
The teacher reads a poem with the children.
Dropped the teddy bear on the floor
They tore off the bear's paw.
I still won't leave him -
Because he's good.
Educator:
- How can we help our bear so that he becomes cheerful?
Children(choral and individual answers):
- Sew on his paw, bandage him, take him to the doctor.
The teacher puts on a doctor's cap and sews the bear's paw on.
Educator:
- Now the bear is having fun, look at his two paws. Guys, tell me how to handle toys so that they don’t break?
Children(choral and individual answers):
- Do not throw, do not throw, put on a shelf.
Educator:
- Guys, do you want the bear to stay in our group? Let's find a corner in our group where he will live.
Children:
- Yes!
Guys, let's ask the bear if he liked it in our group? Ask the children what toys live in our group. Remind us that we love all toys and will need to handle them with care.
CARD No. 6
Conversation on the topic: “My family”
Target: learn to answer questions; form ideas about family composition, cultivate love and respect for family members. Progress of the conversation:
Educator: Guys, what do you think family is?
Children: Family is mother, father, grandmother, grandfather, brother, sister.
Educator: Yes, indeed, the closest, most beloved and loving, dearest people - mom, dad, grandmother, grandfather, brothers, sisters - your family. It's so good that you all have a family! You are the happiest children in the world, because in your families they love each other, everyone lives cheerfully and amicably together. The main thing is that there is always peace, friendship, respect, and love for each other in the family.
A family may be small - for example, a mother and a child, but if they love each other - this is a real family. It's good if the family is big. A family is adults and children who live together, love each other and take care of each other.
7. Physical education minute.
Who lives in our apartment?
One two three four. (Clap our hands.)
Who lives in our apartment? (We walk in place.)
One two three four five. (Jumping in place.)
Dad, mom, brother, sister, (Clap our hands.)
Murka the cat, two kittens, (Tilts the body to the right and left.)
My cricket, goldfinch and me - (Turns the body left and right.)
That's my whole family. (Clap our hands.)
CARD No. 7
Conversation on the topic: “Victory Day”
Objectives: To introduce children to E. Shalamonov’s poem “Victory Day”, to encourage them to take an active part in the conversation, to develop dialogical speech, to answer questions.. To form children’s idea of how the Russian people defended their Motherland during the Great Patriotic War. Tell us what holiday is coming soon, what we are celebrating.
IN Russian Army a lot of troops. Tankers serve in tank forces, rocket men serve in missile forces, pilots serve in aviation, sailors serve in the navy.
On May 9, our city hosts a Victory Parade. On this day we remember all those who fought, who died in the war, in battle, or died from wounds after the war.
Children and adults lay flowers at the Eternal Flame and other monuments. And in the evening there are fireworks displays.
Many families keep awards and letters from the front.
All children love to listen to stories about war; boys play pilots, sailors, border guards, tank crews.
Who defended our homeland?
2. Reading a poem by E. Shalamonov
3. Physical education: before continuing our lesson, let’s rest a little.
The tin soldier is persistent
The tin soldier is persistent,
Stand on one leg.
Stand on one leg, (Stand on your right leg.)
If you are a persistent soldier.
Left leg to the chest,
Look, don't fall! (We walk in place.)
Now stand on your left, (We stand on our left leg.)
If you are a brave soldier. (Jumping in place)
Teacher: Now those who fought many years ago are still alive. These are our dear veterans. On Victory Day, they put on military decorations and gather together to remember the war years.
CARD No. 8
Conversation on the topic: “Space”
Target: summarizing children's knowledge about space
Guys, today we will go on an amazing journey into space.
We have been preparing for this flight all week and already know a lot
Let us now remember what we know about space and astronauts
Slide show on the topic “Space”, accompanying conversation
Guys, who can tell me the name of the very first astronaut?
That's right, this is Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin. You know, guys, in order for him to go into space, he worked and trained a lot
If we want to go on a space flight, then we also need to train
So our training begins. To control a rocket, our fingers must be flexible and work well. Now we'll train them
Finger gymnastics"Family"
A game:
Guys, astronauts fly into space, it’s very difficult. Let's try it too.
Cubes of different sizes and colors are laid out on the floor. Your task is to run, jumping over cubes
Well done, everyone completed the task. Now I think we can go into space. So, take your seats on the rocket!
Children board the rocket (line up one after another).
Here we are! Wow! Something is flying around us. Guys, what is this?
That's right, these are planets. What shape are they? What color?
Children move from planet to planet, naming its shape and color.
That's how many unexplored planets we saw. And now it's time to go home
Returning home, each astronaut takes air baths. Let us also perform aerial procedures. Children lie down on the carpet and rest.
Guys, where have we been? What did you see? Do you want to become real astronauts? What is needed for this?
CARD No. 9
Conversation on the topic: “Dads - You are our Defenders”
Target:
To instill in children a good attitude towards their dad, to evoke a feeling of pride and joy for the noble deeds of a loved one; develop speech, cultivate a desire to read and listen to poetry; play.
Educator: Guys, soon we will celebrate the holiday “Defender of the Fatherland Day”. This is a holiday of real men, our defenders.
Who do you think the defenders are? (children's answers)
That's right, these are your dads and grandfathers, who at one time courageously defended our Motherland and served in the army.
Now Katya will read a poem about the Army (reads a poem)
Our beloved Army
Birthday in February
Glory to her, invincible,
Glory to peace on Earth!
Guys, look at the poster, who do you see in these photographs? (fathers, grandfathers)
Dima, show me a photo of your dad, what’s his name? (ask 3-4 children).
Guys, your dads different names, but they not only have different first and last names, they different appearance. And they are dressed in different clothes, which is called "military uniform".
Look, it’s different from each other: Dima’s dad naval uniform- He served in the navy. And Denis’s dad has a border guard uniform - he served on the border of our Motherland.
Well done, you know everything about dad. You love your dads very much! Do you think your dads love you? (Yes)
How did you guess about this? (They hug us, kiss us, play.)
What games do dads play with you? (Football, reading books, playing with cars.)
What else is fun to do with dad? (Walk in the park, ride in a car, go to the circus, etc.)
Guys, what are your good dads, they love you very much.
And you also have grandfathers. When they were young, they also served in the army. Someone's grandfather was a tank driver, and mine was a pilot, he flew an airplane (show photo).
Now let's play the game "Pilots". Tell me where the planes fly? (High in the sky.) You will be the pilots of an airplane.
A game:
Spread your “wings”, start the “engine”: “f - f - f”, we fly...
The plane is flying,
The plane hums:
“Oooh – ooh – ooh!”
I'm flying to Moscow!
Commander - pilot
The plane leads:
“U-oo-oo-oo!”
I'm flying to Moscow! (Naydenov)
Our grandfathers and fathers were strong and brave, they defended our Motherland. A strong person is not an offender, he is a protector. When you grow up, you will also be strong defenders of your family and your Motherland.
CARD No. 10
Conversation on the topic: "Spring"..
Target: consolidation and generalization of knowledge about spring.
Educator: Children, what time of year is it now?
Children: spring.
Educator: Would you like to listen to a poem about spring?
Educator:
I open my buds into green leaves
I water the trees, it’s full of movement
My name is spring!
Liked?
Educator: Let's repeat it again. (repetition of the poem).
Educator: Guys, what signs of spring do you know?
Children: The snow is melting, the sun is shining brighter, grass is growing, raindrops are beginning, buds are swelling on the trees, birds are flying in.
A game
Educator: Guys, let's do some finger gymnastics.
Drip, drip, drip
The drops are ringing.
It's April.
3. Educator: Guys, let’s remember the poem about “April”.
April, April, the yard is ringing, drops.
Streams run through the fields, puddles on the roads.
The ants will come out soon after the winter cold.
CARD No. 11
Conversation on the topic “Insects”
Goal: to consolidate children’s ideas about insects, teach them to identify their main features (segmented body structure, six legs, wings, antennae), and develop knowledge about how insects protect themselves from enemies; develop the ability to compare, identify common and distinctive features of insects; cultivate curiosity.
Progress of the conversation:
The teacher suggests going to the forest by train.
The train goes chug-chug-chug. Stop at a clearing with many flowers and insects. What do we see around?
- Name the flowers that you know. Who do you see next to the flowers? (looking at pictures with insects, children name those they know).
Now I will tell you by what signs you can determine that this is an insect. Their body consists of several parts, almost all insects have 6 legs, wings and antennae.
The teacher invites the children to name each insect again and reads a poem about each. Then the teacher offers to play outdoor games about insects. After the games, the teacher tells the children that they will watch insects during their walk.
Outdoor game “Catch a mosquito”
Number of players: any. Additionally: 0.5 meter long rope, handkerchief. A handkerchief - “mosquito” - is tied to a string. The rope with the mosquito can be attached to a twig, or you can hold it in your hand. The adult holds the string so that the “mosquito” is 5-10 cm above the child’s raised hand. The child, jumping up, tries to swat the mosquito with his palms. Option: instead of a rope with a handkerchief, you can use a tambourine. The child, jumping up, knocks on the tambourine with his palm.
Outdoor game "Transformations"
Now, children, I want to cast a spell: “One, two - now I’m a fairy.” And I will transform you with a magic wand in insects. Insect children fly, jump, flutter, and make characteristic sounds characteristic of a mosquito (“z-z-z”), a bee (“z-z-z”), a fly (“z-z-z”), and a bumblebee (“z-z-z”). w-w-w").
CARD No. 12
Conversation on the topic “Books”
Goals:
Consolidating children's knowledge about books;
- clarifying children’s knowledge about the purpose of books;
-development of cognitive processes;
-develop the ability to compare and find similarities and differences;
-introduction to a new work.
Guys, guess riddle
Not a tree, but with leaves,
Not a shirt, but sewn,
Not a field, but sown,
Not a person, but a story. (book)
Today we will talk about books. Look, each of you has a book in your hands. How do you know it's a book? Let's compare it to sheets of paper. By the book
there is a cover, there are drawings called illustrations, there are pages, there is a size.
Where can you find books (store, library).
I invite you to go to the place where books live.
Finger gymnastics.
Point your finger Children clench their right hand into a fist.
hare, Extend the middle and index fingers.
a book, Two open palms are folded side by side.
Mouse and Palms are placed on the top of the head.
Nut. They clench their fist.
index finger Extend your index finger up, bend it and
Everything is known best. bend it several times.
(Repeat the exercise several times, alternating hands.)
The teacher tells the children: what they write about in books (fairy tales, about nature, poems, stories); how does a fairy tale differ from a short story? how do poems differ from fairy tales? who writes fairy tales; who are the poems?
Physical exercise.
How are you? Like this! Show thumbs both hands pointing upward.
- How are you going? Like this! March.
- How are you running? Like this! Run in place.
- Do you sleep at night? Like this! Join your palms and place your head (cheek) on them.
- How do you take it? Like this! Press your palm towards you.
- Will you give it? Like this! Place your palm forward.
- How are you being naughty? Like this! Puff out your cheeks and gently hit them with your fists.
- How are you threatening? That’s it! Shake your finger at each other.
At all times, people valued and cherished books. Parents passed books on to their children.
CARD No. 13
Conversation on the topic: “Let’s get to know each other.”
Target: studying the rules of speech behavior during acquaintances, continue to teach children to use words in speech that help during acquaintances. Tasks: continue to develop children's basic understanding of etiquette.
Progress: Guys, we have a guest today.
Parsley: Hello guys.
Children:…
Parsley: Let's get acquainted.
I am a funny toy, and my name is Parsley! What's your name?
Game: "Dating"(Throwing the ball: “My name is Petrushka, what’s yours? Nice to meet you!”
Parsley: Now we know each other.
V-l: Well done Parsley! You know how to make acquaintances correctly. You must first say your name and invite them to meet you. And end the acquaintance with the words: “Nice to meet you”
Listen to a poem about how animals met in the forest.
Met a wild boar in the forest
An unfamiliar fox.
Says to the beauty:
“Allow me to introduce myself!”
I'm a boar! The name is Oink-Oink!
I really love acorns!”
The stranger will answer
"Nice to meet you!"
- Do you think the boar got to know the fox correctly?
- Why do you think so?
Parsley: guys, now you also know how to meet people. What should you do first? And then? Right. You are well-mannered children. I really enjoyed it, but it's time to say goodbye. Goodbye!
CARD No. 14
Conversation on the topic “Winter fun”
Educator: Guys, today we will talk about winter fun, but first let’s remember. What time of year is it now? What's the weather like in winter? (Children's answers).
Children stand in front of the chairs. The teacher invites the children to play a didactic game “ Sweet Nothing" The one who tells me the varnish word sits down on the chair. (The game is played: snow-snowball, slide-slide, etc.).
Educator: Well done. Now let’s work with the tongue, I will say the syllables and you repeat after me, okay (task for reinforcing the whistling sounds Z-S.)
Educator: Winter is a wonderful time of year, isn’t it? We don’t want to leave our walk home because it’s interesting outside. What interesting things can you do outside in winter? (children's answers: you can ski and skate, play hockey, build forts out of snow, sculpt a snowman, throw snowballs). The teacher demonstrates a series of plot paintings on the topic: “ Winter fun».
Educator:
Outdoor game: “Bom, bom, bom.”
Children stand near their chairs. The teacher sings a song and shows the movements, the children repeat.
Bom, bom, bom the clock is knocking. Frost twirled his mustache
He combed his beard and walked around the city
100 toys behind each child's back, one each
The snowball creaks and creaks
What a big bag of beads and firecrackers with different toys
Educator: Well done. And now I will show you how to write a story using pictures. You will listen carefully and also try to compose a story yourself.
One winter day the children went for a walk. The children were in a joyful mood. Everyone found something to their liking. Masha, Sasha and Petya began to feed the birds with rowan berries, bread crumbs and seeds. Tits, bullfinches and sparrows flew to the feeder.
Tanya and Vanya were sledding down the hill. And the boys Nikita and Maxim were skiing on the track. The rest of the guys were making a snowman. Sveta attached a broom to the snowman, and Kirill put a bucket on his head. It’s a pity that in winter you can’t go for long walks and you have to go back to the group.
Educator: Now you guys try to tell me your story. (The teacher listens to the story of 4-5 children, helps if difficulties arise, seeks a complete and detailed answer, monitors the correct construction of sentences).
CARD No. 15
Conversation on the topic “About fire safety rules”
Goal: to teach children to coherently answer the teacher’s questions;
correctly use the names of objects in speech; introduce children to fire safety rules.
Progress of the lesson:
Guys, look what new toy appeared in our group? (Car).
Who guessed what it's called? (Fire department).
By what signs did you guess that it was a fire truck? (It is red, with a ladder).
That's right, the fire truck is always red so that it can be seen from afar. Red is the color of anxiety, the color of fire.
How does the fire truck drive, fast or slow? (Fast).
Why fast? (We need to put out the fire quickly and save people).
When a car drives along the road, you can not only see it, but also hear the siren.
What does a siren sound like? (Ooh, ooh, ooh)
Guys, what do you think is in the back of the fire truck? (Tools for extinguishing a fire: axe, shovel, hose, fire extinguisher, etc.).
Guys, why do you think fires occur? (Children's different answers).
Yes, many fires are caused by careless handling of fire. Fire is very dangerous. At first it burns slowly, then the flames become higher, stronger, flare up, and rage.
To avoid trouble, you need to know the rules well. Now we will repeat the rules for children together.
You can’t take matches... (Take them).
Gas cannot be ignited...(Light).
The iron cannot be...(turned on).
Fingers must not be inserted into the socket...(Insert).
Guys, try to remember these rules and always follow them so that a fire truck never comes to your house.
Fire engine from the word "fire". And the people who put out fires are called firefighters.
What kind of firefighters should be? (Brave, strong, dexterous, courageous, etc.).
Game "Cat's house caught fire."
Material: cat house (made from cubes or chairs), bucket, watering can, flashlight, spatula, piece of red cloth, bell.
Progress of the game: Children walk in a circle and sing a song:
Tili - boom! Tili - boom! A chicken is running with a bucket,
And a dog with a lantern. Gray bunny with leaf.
Cat's house caught fire!
The adult rings the bell loudly, the children run to where the bucket, watering can, etc. are lying, take toys and “put out the fire” (the fire is depicted using red material thrown over the house).
CARD No. 16
Progress:
Educator:
Children: Hello, bird!
Educator:
Lots of red berries
Ripe and beautiful.
Children: About rowan.
Educator:
Birds feed on them in winter.
Educator: What color are rowan berries?
Children: Red.
Educator: What shape are they?
Children: Round
Educator: What size are they?
Children: Small ones.
Educator:
One, two, three turn around
Quickly turn into birds.
Game "Birds"
Birds flew across the sky
And sat down on a branch
A handful of berries were pecked
Then they flew into the sky.
CARD No. 17
Conversation on the topic: “Birds in winter”
Goal: To instill in children a caring attitude towards wintering birds.
Progress:
Educator:
When I went to work today, a small bird was sitting on the ground. She didn't have the strength to fly. She was hungry. I brought her to kindergarten and fed her. Here she is. Let's say hello to her!
Children: Hello, bird!
Educator: Do you know what birds eat in winter? (Bread, grains...)
What else can we feed the birds? (Children's answers)
There is also a special tree whose berries hang until late winter and birds peck at them. We saw him on a walk. Listen to a poem about this tree.
I see a slender rowan tree in the yard,
Emerald on the branches in the morning at dawn.
Lots of red berries
Ripe and beautiful.
What is the poem about? (Shows a bunch of rowan berries)
Children: About rowan.
Educator: That's right, look at how beautiful the berries are hanging on the branch, one next to the other, there are a lot of berries, they are collected in a brush or bunch.
Birds feed on them in winter.
Educator: What color are rowan berries?
Children: Red.
Educator: What shape are they?
Children: Round
Educator: What size are they?
Children: Small ones.
Educator: That's right, guys. On a rowan branch there are many, many small round red berries, one next to the other. How do the birds peck them? Let's turn into birds.
One, two, three turn around
Quickly turn into birds.
Game "Birds"
Birds flew across the sky
(Children wave their hands and run in a circle)
And sat down on a branch
(Stop and squat down)
A handful of berries were pecked
(Hands show how birds peck)
Then they flew into the sky.
Well, now you know what birds eat in winter. And you can feed them yourself by adding food to the feeders.
CARD No. 18
Conversation with children “My friend is a traffic light”
Goal: To acquaint children with the basic rules of street traffic, tell them what irreparable consequences a violation of traffic rules leads to.
Teacher: How many cars are there on the streets?! And every year there are more and more of them. Heavy MAZs, KRAZs, GAZelles, buses are rushing along our roads, and cars are flying. In order to make the roads safe, all cars and buses obey strict laws traffic. All pedestrians, adults and children, should know and follow the rules of behavior on the street. People go to work, to the store, kids hurry to school. Pedestrians should only walk on the sidewalk, but they should also walk on the sidewalk, keeping to the right. And then you won’t have to stumble, go around people you meet, or turn to the side. There are no sidewalks outside the city, and there are also a lot of cars. Transport moves along the roadway. If you have to walk along the road, then you need to walk towards the traffic. Why? It's not hard to guess. You see a car and give way to it, move to the side. You need to cross the road on a pedestrian path. Before crossing the road, you need to look to the left, and when you reach the middle of the road, look to the right. Our friend the traffic light helps us cross the road. Red light is a danger signal. Stop! Stop! - the red traffic light tells the pedestrian. Then the traffic light turns yellow. He says “Attention! Get ready! Now you can move on!” The green traffic light says: “The path is clear! Go!
Teacher: The law of streets and roads, which is called “traffic rules”, is strict. He does not forgive if a pedestrian walks down the street as he pleases, without following the rules. And then an irreparable disaster happens. But the law of streets and roads is also very good: it protects from terrible misfortune, protects life. So that nothing happens to you, children, follow the basic rules of behavior: Do not cross the street in front of nearby traffic. Don't play outside close to the road. Do not sled, skate, or bike on the road. So, what children must learn in order to live peacefully in the world:
1.Walk only on the sidewalk, keeping to the right. If there is no sidewalk, you need to walk along the left edge of the road, facing traffic.
2.Obey traffic light signals. Cross the street only when the traffic light is green.
3. Cross the road only on the footpath. You need to cross the street straight, not diagonally.
4.Before crossing the street, first look to the left, and when you reach the middle of the street, look to the right.
5. Cars, buses, trolleybuses must be walked around from behind, and trams - from the front.
CARD No. 19
Conversation with children “Where can I play?” Purpose: To form the idea of younger preschoolers about safety on the streets and roads. Convince children of the dangers of playing on the roadway (road). Explain why you can’t play on the street and roads. Designate places for games and riding scooters, children's bicycles, skis, sleds and ice skates.
Vocabulary: danger, discipline.
Progress of the conversation: Road rules
There are a lot in the world.
Everyone would like to learn them
It didn't bother us
But the main thing
Traffic rules
Know like a table
Must multiply.
Don't play on the pavement,
Don't ride
If you want to stay healthy!
Game exercise “Scooter”
Scooter! Scooter!
Scooter, very happy!
I'm rolling on my own, I'm rolling on my own
Scooter wherever I want! (children bend one leg at the knee with a slight spring, with the other leg they imitate pushing movements, as when riding a scooter, while the leg seems to slide, but does not touch the floor).
The teacher reminds the children that playing on the pavement is very dangerous. Ice skating is only required at skating rinks; on skis and sleds - in parks, squares, stadiums; on bicycles and scooters - only in specially designated areas. Riding bicycles and scooters on the street is strictly prohibited. Should be played on sports grounds and stadiums. You cannot play snowballs, football and other games on the sidewalks and roadways of the street or road - this interferes with pedestrians and traffic.
Physical education lesson “Cars”: We’re going, we’re going, we’re going for a long time,
This path is very long.
We'll get to Moscow soon,
There we can rest. (walking in place, moving forward on half-bent legs, moving forward and backward with bent arms). (The song plays, “It’s dangerous to play on the road,” lyrics by V. Murzin; music by S. Mirolyubov).
Outdoor game "Pedestrians and cars"
Children are divided into two groups (transport and pedestrians). Each person from the “transport” group is given a sign with a picture of the type of transport: bicycle, car, motorcycle, etc. Pedestrians are given signs - “child”, “pedestrian”. Command "Move!" for those. who has a sign with the name of the mode of transport. Team "Sidewalk!" served for pedestrians. Children must clearly respond to their command. On the command “Move!” children raise up signs with pictures of “car”, “motorcycle”, etc. At the command “Sidewalk!” Pedestrians do the same. Those who are careless receive penalty points. Then the game is played in the yard on a marked area (repeated several times). Next, they organize street traffic. Cars and motorcycles must slow down to allow pedestrians to pass. Pedestrians cross the street correctly. Then the children change roles. Errors are sorted out and the game continues.
Assignment and questions:
1. Where can you ride scooters and children's bicycles?
2. Where is it safer to play football and other sports?
3. Why can’t you play on the pavement?
4. Tell me where you can play?
5. Tell me where you can’t play and why?
CARD No. 20
Conversation with children “About traffic rules”
● teach children to correctly name the elements of the road;
● introduce the rule of driving on the side of the road;
● consolidate knowledge of familiar traffic rules
Visual aids:
Traffic light, model of the roadway, three traffic lights for the game "Traffic Light", posters depicting various situations on the roads
Progress of the conversation:
Educator
The hare came running
And she screamed: “Ay, ah!”
My bunny got hit by a tram!
My bunny, my boy
Got hit by a tram!
And his legs were cut
And now he's sick and lame,
My little bunny!
Guys, why do you think the bunny got hit by a tram? (Broken the rules.) Yes, of course, he violated traffic rules - he played on the tram tracks or ran across the rails in front of a tram traveling nearby. To prevent such a disaster from happening, you must always follow the traffic rules. Today we will talk about this.
Everyone, without exception, should know the rules of the road.
What does a person become on the street? (On foot.)
What parts is the street divided into?
What is the name of the part of the road on which cars drive?
What is the name of the path along which pedestrians walk?
Guys, what should pedestrians do when there is no sidewalk next to the roadway? Where should pedestrians go in this case?
That's right, in the case where there is no sidewalk next to the roadway, you can walk along the edge of the roadway, which is called the shoulder. The shoulder is the edge of the roadway. I will walk along the side of the road, but how should I walk along it correctly so that cars don’t hit me - along the side of the road towards moving cars or in the direction of their movement?
A model with an image of the roadway and moving cars is exhibited.
Educator. Let's look at the layout and figure out where you need to go so as not to get hit by a car? Look, if I walk along the side of the road towards moving cars, I see the car clearly, and the driver of the car sees me, and if I walk along the side of the road, in the direction of the cars, then I don’t see the car behind me, but the driver sees me. It’s uncomfortable for me, and most importantly, it’s life-threatening - if you stumble a little, you could get hit by a car.
What is the safest way to walk along the side of the road? (children's answers)
That's right, on the side of the road you need to walk towards moving cars. Who helps us cross the road?
Stop, car! Stop, motor!
Brake quickly, driver!
Attention, looks straight ahead
There's a three-eyed traffic light on you -
Green, yellow, red eye
He gives orders to everyone.
Outdoor game "Traffic Light"
When the color is red, the children are standing quietly.
When the color is yellow, they clap their hands.
On green color- the children are marching.
Educator:
Traffic rules!
Should know
All without exception
Animals should know:
Badgers and pigs,
Hares and cubs
Pony and kittens!
V. Golovko
Now you and I will be young traffic inspectors. Let's check how our animal friends follow traffic rules on the city streets.
Displays cards depicting different situations on the road.
Educator. Watch and tell us how animals follow traffic rules.
Children take turns talking about the situations depicted on the cards.
CARD No. 21
Topic: Let’s help Dunno preserve his health.”
Goal: to develop in children an idea of health, a sense of responsibility for maintaining and strengthening their health, the development of children’s speech and motor activity.
Progress of the lesson:
1. Organizing time.
All the children gathered in a circle
I am your friend and you are my friend.
Let's hold hands tightly
And let's smile at each other.
(Dunno comes to visit)
Situation “Dunno fell ill”
How do you understand what health is? (Health is strength, beauty, when the mood is good and everything works out)
Guys, do you know who they call healthy person? (children's answers).
The word "health" means "made of good wood, strong as a piece of wood.”
Guys, do you know how to preserve your health?
Do physical exercise, do exercises, toughen up, eat right, keep clean, take vitamins, follow a daily routine.
Finger gymnastics
"Morning"
Now check, have your fingers become stronger and more obedient?
You know guys, today Moidodyr came to our group. He really wanted to see you. It’s such a pity that Moidodyr didn’t wait for you, because he has so many worries in the morning! But he left you this little bag.
Didactic game “Magic Bag”
Children guess personal hygiene items (soap, comb, handkerchief, towel, mirror, toothpaste and brush) by touch and tell what they are for and how to use them.
Guessing riddles
Smooth and fragrant
It washes very clean. (soap)
I saw my portrait
I walked away - there was no portrait. (mirror).
Plastic back, hard bristles,
Good with toothpaste
(Toothbrush) serves us diligently.
Roaring, crybaby and dirty
They will have streams of tears in the morning
I won’t forget about the nose (handkerchief).
I wipe, I try
After the boy's bath
Everything is wet, everything is wrinkled
No dry corner (towel)
We use it often
Even though she's like a toothy wolf
I don't want to bite her
She would like to scratch her teeth (with a comb).
Fizminutka:
Let us warm up so that we can win at the Olympics in the future.
We will do exercises (hand jerks)
Jump quickly (two jumps)
Run fast (running in place).
Let's play sports (torso turns)
Crouch and bend (squat and bend).
Let us all be brave, dexterous, skillful
(tilts to the sides).
Because we must become the hope of the country
(step in place).
In Olympic competitions,
Win all competitions (clap your hands).
I see a smile on your faces. This is very good!
After all, joyful t, good mood helps our health. A gloomy, angry and irritable person easily succumbs to illness. A good mood and a smile are like protection from diseases. Let's give each other smiles more often
When introducing children to nature, the teacher’s story, reading natural history literature, and conversations are used.
A number of problems are solved using verbal methods. Knowledge about natural phenomena known to children, facts from the life of animals and plants obtained in the process of observations and work in nature is concretized, replenished and clarified. Children gain knowledge about new phenomena and objects of nature. Verbal methods must be combined with visual ones, using pictures and films. With the help of conversations, children’s knowledge about nature is systematized, generalized, and natural history concepts are formed.
When using conversations, the teacher takes into account the children’s ability to understand speech, duration of attention and concentration on the content conveyed by the word, as well as the presence in them of vivid, specific ideas about a particular phenomenon or fact that will be the subject of discussion, clarification, and systematization.
In early preschool age, children in joint activities are more observers than performers, nevertheless, it is at this age that the pattern of interaction with nature is crucial: children hear and absorb the affectionate conversation of an adult with plants or animals. Based on didactic tasks, three types of conversations are distinguished: preliminary, accompanying and final.
A preliminary conversation is used by the teacher before an observation or excursion. The purpose of such a conversation is to clarify the children’s experience in order to establish a connection between the upcoming observation and existing knowledge.
Accompanying conversations are used by the teacher during children's activities; such a conversation is aimed at explaining some of the children's experiences, introducing children to new, previously unknown plants.
The final conversation is aimed at systematizing and summarizing the facts obtained, their specification, consolidation and clarification.
These conversations can be of different levels in content: some are carried out after observing a narrow range of observed objects (for example, a conversation about evergreens), others affect a wider range of phenomena (for example, conversations about the seasons), to systematize children’s knowledge about the life of plants, animals, people's labor. The effectiveness of the conversation depends on the preliminary preparation of children.
The conversation is the result of the work done with the children. Therefore, the teacher is faced with the task of accumulating ideas for children through observation, work, games, and reading natural history books. You can only talk about what the guys have specific ideas about.
The teacher must objectively present didactic purpose conversations: what content needs to be clarified and specified, what essential connections should be highlighted for generalization and systematization, what generalizations and conclusions should be brought to by children as a result of the conversation.
The conversation begins with an analysis of phenomena, facts, highlighting their features, characteristics, significant connections, and dependencies between phenomena. Such an analysis provides a transition to generalizations and brings disparate facts into a system.
In the first part of the conversation, in order to prepare children for generalization, the teacher’s questions to the children are also included: “what trees do you know?”, “how do we recognize them?”, “where did we see them?” In the second part of the conversation, you can ask a question that requires generalization: “Why don’t some trees shed their leaves?” Reliance on the experience of children, logical consistency, ensures greater interest, active mental activity of children, and their understanding of significant connections and dependencies. There are a number of requirements for the teacher’s questions in the conversation. The question is proposed to the whole group, since they are always assigned a mental task that must be solved by all children. They must be clear in content, precise, and concise. Each question should contain a clear idea. You cannot ask questions that require monosyllabic answers “Yes” or “No”. Such questions do not provide development of thinking. During the conversation, the teacher makes sure that the children themselves formulate conclusions and generalizations and do not repeat ready-made ones.
It is also necessary to use a variety of visual material that helps children restore knowledge and highlight the essential features of phenomena: nature calendars, herbarium, illustrations.
Conversation, as a method of introducing children to nature and in particular to the park area, is used with children of middle and older preschool age. When working with middle-aged children, conversations are mostly aimed at recalling phenomena, in senior group to generalize and systematize existing knowledge.
Conclusions on Chapter J
1. As a result of studying and analyzing pedagogical and methodological literature on the problems of familiarizing children with their immediate environment, we can draw the following conclusions.
2. The problem of caring for the plant world on the basis of children’s knowledge about the characteristics of growth, reproduction, and caring for plants was considered in the works of S. Veretennikova, T. Zenina, S. Nikolaeva, L. Manevtsova, Z. Plokhy and others. Study of methodological literature on the problem of organizing educational work in introducing children to the plant world made it possible to determine the mandatory conditions and content of this work. The content of the work should be planned in accordance with the requirements of the “Basic component of preschool education in Ukraine”, with the programs “Malyatko”, “Crimean Wreath”, “Young Ecologist”.
3. We revealed the features of conducting conversations on familiarization with the plant world as a means of comprehensive development of preschool children, making a comparative analysis of preschool education programs.
The formation of knowledge about the immediate environment is carried out through various forms of work: in the process of observations, didactic games, game-activities. The importance of games and activities is emphasized in the methodological letters of the Ministry of Education and Science. The second chapter of our work is aimed at identifying the effectiveness of games-activities in the process of developing children’s knowledge about their immediate environment.
A conversation is a purposeful discussion of something, an organized, prepared dialogue on a pre-selected topic. Conversation is considered in preschool pedagogy as a method of getting to know the environment and at the same time as a method of developing coherent speech.
The value of the conversation lies in the fact that an adult teaches a child to think logically, helps him think, and raises him from a specific way of thinking to a higher level of simple abstraction. In a conversation, the child must remember, analyze, compare, express judgments and draw conclusions. In conversation, speech develops along with thinking. Dialogue and monologue forms of coherent speech, and above all colloquial speech, are formed: the ability to listen and understand the interlocutor, give clear answers to questions posed, clearly express one’s thoughts in words, speak out in the presence of other children. Teaching children the ability to conduct a conversation and participate in a conversation is always combined with the development of cultural behavior skills: the child must learn to listen carefully to the one who is speaking, not to be distracted, not to interrupt the interlocutor, to restrain his immediate desire to immediately answer a question without waiting for a call. In conversation, therefore, restraint, politeness and, in general, a culture of verbal communication are cultivated.
When speaking in a conversation, the child formulates his thoughts not in one, but in several sentences. Children's vocabulary is activated, clarified and expanded.
The content of the conversations is program material to familiarize children with the life around them: the life and work of people, events public life, children's activities in kindergarten(games, work, mutual assistance, friends). Conversations flow lively and naturally, hold the child’s attention, and activate his thoughts if the program material for which the conversation is conducted is understandable and close to the children’s experience.
Let us dwell on the classification of conversations.
E. A. Flerina classified conversations based on didactic tasks. She identified three types of conversations. 1. An introductory conversation that organizes children for one or another type of activity. 2. Conversation accompanying the activities and observations of children. 3. Final conversation, clarifying and expanding the children’s experience.
M. M. Konina identifies two types of conversations that complement the classification of E. A. Flerina. They are based on the material (painting, book) in connection with which the conversation is held.
In terms of content, we can conditionally distinguish conversations of an educational nature (about school, about hometown) and ethical (about the norms and rules of behavior of people in society and at home).
The role of the introductory conversation is limited. Its purpose is to identify disparate experiences and create interest in upcoming activities. Introductory conversations are successful if they are short, emotional, conducted in a relaxed atmosphere, and do not go beyond the limits of childhood experience. The conversation that accompanies the acquisition of new experience is transitional from conversation to conversation. It is carried out in the process of children's activities, excursions, observations and unites children with common interests and collective statements. Its purpose is to stimulate and direct children’s attention to a richer and more expedient accumulation of experience.
The main conversation in kindergarten is the concluding conversation, which is usually called generalizing. The purpose of the general conversation is to systematize, clarify and expand the experience of children gained in the process of their activities, observations, and excursions. It should be noted that this type of conversation, to a greater extent than the previous two, contributes to the development of dialogic speech, primarily due to the question-and-answer form of communication.
E. I. Radina identified such structural components of the conversation as:
evoking a living image in the minds of children at the beginning of a conversation based on memories of phenomena close to life experience;
analysis of these phenomena during the conversation, highlighting the most significant details leading to conclusions;
an elementary generalization that clarifies children’s ideas, contributes to the development of an appropriate attitude towards phenomena and stimulates children to engage in certain behavior in the future.
The beginning of the conversation should be figurative, emotional, restore in children the images of those objects and phenomena that they saw, and evoke a desire to participate in the conversation.
The end of the conversation is characterized by a certain finality. Most often it is associated with generalizing conclusions throughout the conversation. The ending of the conversation may vary depending on its nature and content.
If the conversation is educational in nature, the children or the teacher make a generalization (final story).
An ethical conversation can be completed by setting the following rule: “Polite people, when entering, are the first to greet everyone, bow their heads, and smile. Polite children will never forget to say hello first. Always remember this."
The conversation can be ended with a riddle, reading a poem, a proverb, or listening to a tape recording related to the topic of the conversation.
The conversation is based on constant mobilization children's attention, memory, thinking. The child has to constantly follow the progress of the conversation, without deviating from the topic, listen to the interlocutors, formulate his own thoughts and express them.
In a general conversation, visual material is used to enhance mental and speech activity.
When conducting a conversation, the teacher’s task is to ensure that all children are active participants in the discussion of the issues posed to them. The question is asked to everyone; it is wrong to address only the active part of children. Shy guys should be helped by asking a simple question, supporting their statements. Shy children can be prepared for the conversation in advance. You should also find an approach to inattentive and playful children: maybe sit them closer, approach them with questions more often and listen to their opinions, approve.
Features and content of teaching monologue speech to children in kindergarten
Monologue speech is a coherent, logically constructed statement that lasts a relatively long time and is not designed for an immediate reaction from the listener. A monologue is characterized by literary vocabulary, expansiveness, logical completeness, and syntactic design.
Any coherent monologue utterance is characterized by a number of features:
Integrity (unity of theme, correspondence of all micro-themes to the main idea);
Structural design (beginning, middle, end);
Connection between sentences and parts of a monologue;
Volume of utterance, smoothness (lack of long pauses during the storytelling process).
To achieve speech coherence, a number of skills are required:
1) understand and comprehend the topic, determine its boundaries; 2) select required material; 3) arrange the material in the required sequence; 4) use the means of language in accordance with literary norms and the objectives of the statement, construct speech deliberately and arbitrarily.
Monologue speech is, as is known, the speech of one person expressing in a more or less detailed form his thoughts, intentions, assessment of events, etc. One of the tasks put forward by the preschool program is teaching monologue speech. The goal of training is to develop monologue speech skills, which are understood as the ability to express one’s thoughts orally in a communicatively motivated, logically consistent and coherent manner, sufficiently complete and linguistically correct. This position seems erroneous, since it is this aspect of training that disciplines thinking, teaches one to think logically and, accordingly, construct one’s statement in such a way as to convey one’s thoughts to the listener. A monologue is a form of speech when it is built by one person, independently determining the structure, composition and linguistic means.
Development of monologue speech: retelling (types): detailed, condensed, with creative additions, restructuring with additions (on behalf of the hero); independent retelling: according to the source (from toys, from paintings, from experience, creative stories); according to the presenter, a psycho. process (by imagination, by memory, by perception); by purpose (function) (description, narration, reasoning). The structure of development for retelling is primary reading, analysis, secondary reading with a setting for retelling, retelling. Functional semantic nature of monologues: type text (description) - function (characteristic of an object in statics) - structure (general thesis of the name of the object, characteristics of features, qualities, actions. The final summary phrase of character assessment.); t.t (narration) - f. (transmission of events in sequence time) - s. (beginning of the event, middle of the event, end of the event, exposition, plot, development of action, climax, denouement); t.t (reasoning) - f. (explanation of a fact, proof of something) - s. (thesis of expression, judgment of evidence, conclusion, conclusion
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