If the child is bottle-fed from birth. Artificial feeding: how to feed a baby

02.03.2016 8555 4

Sometimes a child is forced to be bottle-fed instead of mother's milk. Of course, such a diet will not have a beneficial effect on the baby’s health, because store-bought formulas do not contain many elements and vitamins that strengthen the immune system. So, let's try to figure out how breastfeeding differs from artificial feeding? And how to properly feed an artificial baby?

A formula-fed baby cannot be fed with formula alone for a long time. Within a few months after birth, the baby will begin to reach for the plates of adults, which means that it is time to introduce new products into his diet. How to correctly calculate the daily intake of the mixture and when should you start the first artificial complementary feeding?

Artificial feeding from birth to 3 months

Whether or not to breastfeed a baby is a personal matter for each mother, but there are also cases when indications for artificial feeding are given by a specialist. Typically these include:

Prematurity of the child.
Difficult birth (requires time to recover).
Insufficient lactation or its complete absence.
Inability to breastfeed the baby (mother works a lot) and lack of expressed milk.
Chronic or infectious diseases in the mother.

The composition of store-bought formulas is as close as possible to breast milk, but they still lack the antibodies produced in the body of a nursing woman. Therefore, you will have to monitor the health of the artificial child until his immunity is fully strengthened.

Approximate diet for a baby from birth to 3 months:

For a baby up to ten days old, it is recommended to prepare a mixture, the daily norm of which is calculated by the formula: 70 ml (80 ml if the birth weight was more than 3200 g) * P (baby’s age in days). For example, the baby is 6 days old, which means the daily amount of formula for him will be 480 ml (80 * 6).
After ten days of life, up to 2 months of age, the amount of formula per day will depend on the baby’s weight (1/5th of body weight or 600-850 ml).
From two to four months, the rate of formula feeding per day will be 1/6th of the child’s body weight (or 750-900 ml).

Also, do not forget to give your baby boiled water.

It's time to introduce complementary foods. Nutrition from 3 to 6 months

If the first complementary feeding is breastfeeding is introduced when the baby is six months old, then the artificial baby will need additional food already at 3 months. Such an early change in the baby’s diet occurs because mother’s milk differs greatly in composition from store-bought milk. So, What is the difference between breast milk and formula?

Breast milk is produced exactly in the amount that the baby needs.
Biologically active water is the main component of mother's milk (88%). Thanks to this component, a breastfeeding baby does not need to be given additional water.
Carbohydrates (7%), fats (4%), proteins (1%), iron, minerals, vitamins, growth hormones, white blood cells and antibodies for immune protection (0.2%) are presented in the ideal ratio necessary for the baby. Such a composition is difficult to find in mixtures.

But your baby artificial, so your diet will have to be balanced on your own. It's time to introduce complementary foods, where to start? Doctors usually recommend giving your baby fruit juice as a new product. First, it is better to offer him half a teaspoon so that the baby gets a taste. Then the portion can be gradually increased, of course, if the child does not develop an allergy and he willingly drinks a new drink.

A good helper in how to introduce baby's first complementary foods, tables for calculating portions and products according to the baby's age. There are quite a lot of them on the Internet, but they are all different. Therefore, it is better to draw up a menu for an artificial baby with the help of a doctor or take a complementary feeding table from your pediatrician.

If the child is gaining weight well, then the next new product in the diet may be vegetable puree. The main rule is not to add salt. his. Spices, salt and sugar are not recommended for a baby at this age, but this does not mean that boiled vegetables will seem tasteless to the baby. The child’s receptors have not yet been spoiled by adult food, and he will happily eat everything that is given to him. As the first vegetables, you can give your baby zucchini, pumpkin, cauliflower and broccoli.

Another good product for first complementary feeding can be cereal porridges, for example, buckwheat or rice. They are recommended for those children who are not gaining weight well.

Diet for 6 to 8 months

Products for artificial babies at 6-8 months are not very different from the same diet for infants, so the daily regimen will look something like this:

6 a.m. 180-200 ml of mixture with milk or water.
10 hours. 150 g milk porridge, 4 g butter(can be added to porridge) and 60 g of fruit puree.
14 hours. 150 g vegetable puree, 0.5 tsp. olive or sunflower oil (can be added to puree), one fourth of the yolk and 30 ml of fruit juice.
18 hours. 150 g of milk mixture, 40 g of cottage cheese, 30 ml of fruit juice and 3 g of crushed biscuits.
22 hours. 180-200 g of mixture with water or fermented milk products.

If parents introduce complementary foods from 6 months, you can already select recipes for dishes for the baby yourself.

Approximate menu for a year old

At this age, babies should move to more solid food, which means that the one-year-old’s menu will become much more varied.

Breakfast. Any milk porridge at the discretion of the parents (oatmeal, rice, semolina), cottage cheese casserole or omelet.
Dinner. The first and second courses must be present. This could be meat soup and vegetable puree with a cutlet (steamed), borscht and fish (boneless) with cauliflower and much more.
Afternoon snack. Time to please your baby with something tasty. Offer him cookies with kefir or yogurt. Don't forget about fruits.
Dinner. This is the easiest meal, so it is best to feed him porridge with milk or vegetable puree.

Regardless of whether the baby is artificial or is on breastfeeding, do not rush to give him adult food (sausages or exotic fruits), because such products can only cause allergies and poisoning.

Feeding regimen for a bottle-fed newborn

Every mother knows that the best way to give a newborn baby all the necessary and vital nutrients, vitamins and microelements is to breastfeed him during the first six months of his life. But sometimes natural feeding of a baby is various reasons impossible. And then the baby needs to be switched to artificial feeding with special formulas.

We will analyze what mixtures there are, and how they differ from each other, we will determine correct mode feeding a bottle-fed newborn and feeding rules.

Why is breastfeeding not available?

First, let's look at the reasons why a newborn baby needs to be completely or partially transferred to artificial feeding.

There are several of them:

Difficult childbirth, accompanied by complications, after which the mother needs a long period to regain her strength.
Mom needs to take medications to restore her health or maintain it normal.
Some infectious diseases of the mother.
Insufficient production of breast milk or its complete absence. In this case, you should first try to restore lactation, following the doctor’s recommendations. If this does not work, then transfer the baby to formula feeding.
Long absence of mother, when there is no possibility of breastfeeding breast milk.

note that artificial feeding a newborn is a necessary measure. Mothers should not resort to it only for their own convenience or for fear of losing their external attractiveness. These false motives for not breastfeeding can have a very negative impact on the baby.

To choose the right mixture, you need to focus on the baby’s age, the characteristics of his body, and the presence of allergic reactions.

Formulas for artificial feeding are divided according to their composition and consistency.

In composition they can be:

highly adapted - as similar in composition as possible to mother's breast milk. This is achieved through the use of special whey.
mixtures with less adaptation. They are made from the milk protein casein. This is the most common type of baby food.
subsequent mixtures that are used to feed children aged 6 months and older.
hypoallergenic. Such nutrition is necessary for babies who have severe allergic reactions, and simply replacing one mixture with another does not lead to results.
specialized. They are used only as prescribed by a doctor and contain supplements of various beneficial vitamins or microelements necessary for the full development of the child and the solution of a specific problem.
sour milk Such mixtures are used when a child has problems with the gastrointestinal tract, but cannot serve as a constant source of nutrition, only as an auxiliary measure.

Based on their consistency, infant formulas are divided into dry, liquid and concentrated liquid.

How much?

The norm for feeding a bottle-fed newborn is somewhat different from the norm for breastfeeding. This is due to differences in composition and different nutritional levels.

In general, standard formula feeding standards for healthy children are as follows:

from the 1st to the 10th birthday - the daily norm of the formula consumed is calculated by the formula: 70-80 ml multiplied by the number of days lived by the child;
from 10 days to 2 months – the daily norm is 1/5 of the child’s weight;
2-4 months – the daily norm is 1/6 of the child’s weight;
4-6 months – 1/7 of the child’s weight;
from 6 months to a year - the daily norm is 1/9 of the weight.

Once again, let’s make a reservation that these are standard norms for healthy children. If there are any deviations in the health or development of the baby, then you should contact your pediatrician for special nutritional recommendations.

... and how often?

Also, mothers whose babies are bottle-fed are interested in the feeding schedule of the newborn.

In fact, it is not particularly different from the feeding schedule of breastfeeding.

Many mothers prefer to feed their baby on demand. If in the case of breastfeeding this may have a certain meaning, then when artificial feeding it is better not to get carried away with this practice. Infant formula is more nutritious than breast milk because it contains more protein and therefore takes longer to digest. And if the baby is fed too often, he may develop excess weight and develop obesity.

The optimal interval between feeding a newborn should be 3 – 3.5 hours. This time is usually enough for the stomach to completely digest the mixture, and the child is ready for the next meal.

Now let's look at how to properly prepare formula for feeding newborns.

If you prefer a dry mixture, then it can be diluted directly in the bottle in the ratio with water and the amount indicated on the package. Be sure to stick to the prescribed dosage. If you add less formula, your baby may not get enough to eat. If, on the contrary, you shift it, then the increased amount of nutrients and microelements can have a bad effect on the process of digesting food, which will lead to stomach colic.

Before diluting the mixture, bottles, nipples and caps must be sterilized. To dilute the mixture, boiled water must be used, if it comes from the tap, or special baby water. When diluted, its temperature should be 60-70 degrees, then the finished mixture is cooled to 36-37 degrees. Before giving it to your baby, place a small amount of the mixture on your wrist to make sure it is at an acceptable temperature.

As for liquid nutritional formulas, they are simply poured into a bottle, heated to the desired temperature and given to the baby. Concentrated liquid mixtures are diluted with water to the desired consistency. The main thing is to hold the bottle correctly when feeding a newborn so that he does not catch air.

To keep your baby fed and happy, you need to follow a few more recommendations that must be followed when bottle-feeding:

If the baby has not finished the mixture, you should not leave the leftovers and then add a new portion to them. Always discard any leftovers and the mixture should always be freshly prepared. This will help avoid poisoning and disorders of the child’s gastrointestinal tract.
Change nipples on bottles regularly. They tend to thin out over time, the hole enlarges, and the mixture flows in a thin stream. This makes the sucking process easier for the baby, he may become lazy, and is not very useful for digestion.
Make sure the bottle nipple is always filled with formula. This will prevent the baby from swallowing air during feeding and relieve him from colic and gas formation.

Health to you and your children!

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Contents [Show]

Artificial feeding of newborns

Feeding your baby with breast milk from the first days of life is perfect option for both mother and child. Well, if it so happens that your baby is on artificial feeding. then you need to take the issue of observing the rules of artificial feeding of a newborn very seriously.

Indications for artificial feeding of newborns

There are circumstances in which breastfeeding newborns is partially or completely impossible. Then the baby is fed additionally or even transferred to artificial feeding. This happens in cases where, for example, the mother had a difficult pregnancy and childbirth, requiring recuperation and taking medications; hypogalactia (insufficient milk production, which is confirmed by control weighing of the child). Or the mother is forced to work, and there is not enough expressed and frozen milk.

Before completely switching a baby to artificial feeding, you need to carefully weigh the pros and cons. Be sure to consult with a pediatrician, neonatologist, or breastfeeding specialist. Even just a little breast milk will benefit your baby.

How to choose formula for artificial feeding of newborns

Before purchasing any formula for artificial feeding, first of all pay attention to its date of manufacture. The pediatrician will tell you which formula is better to choose for artificial feeding, taking into account all the characteristics of the child’s development, including his body weight. If the formula suits the baby, he will eat it with pleasure, but if not, he will turn away, spit it out and regurgitate a lot, cry - this means that the formula needs to be changed. Again, after consultation with a pediatrician.

However, even if the child eats the formula for artificial feeding well, the formula for artificial feeding needs to be changed in the following situations:

allergic reaction to formula feeding
the child has grown up (each formula for artificial feeding is intended for a specific age)
in case of illness, when special medicinal mixtures for artificial feeding are introduced into the baby’s diet (exclusively as prescribed by a doctor)
After recovery and a course of medicinal formulas, the baby is again transferred to his usual formula for artificial feeding.

How much formula is needed when artificially feeding newborns?

The diet when feeding newborns with formula for artificial feeding remains free, as with breastfeeding. And the amount of formula for artificial feeding largely depends on the child’s body weight, how quickly he grows, his metabolism and, of course, appetite. It must be remembered that the amount of food that is used per feeding is not always the same throughout the day: sometimes more, sometimes less than the norm recommended by the doctor (the child may not be hungry or tired, has not had enough sleep, and therefore does not want to eat ).

Approximate daily intake of formula for artificial feeding for a child under 12 months of age (if the baby’s body weight meets the average age norm)

Daily volume of formula for artificial feeding, ml.

Rules for mixed feeding of a newborn

Mixed feeding of a newborn is a feeding in which the baby is given both breast milk and artificial formula. It is very important to maintain the necessary proportions. The volume of breast milk should be at least 1/5 of the daily amount of food consumed by the baby.

Artificial mixtures should be given only those prescribed by a doctor. At the same time, he must examine the newborn and study the characteristics of his body. To prescribe mixed nutrition for your baby, you cannot do without consulting a specialist.

Reasons for mixed feeding

Hypogalactia is a severe lack of milk in a nursing mother. Such a decrease in the functions of the mammary glands is observed in 5-10% of women. The reason for this may be severe late toxicosis, bleeding on later pregnancy, postpartum injuries or obstetric negligence, during which dangerous infections could be introduced into the mother’s body.
Social conditions - when a young mother is simply unable to be with her baby for 24 hours. This is due to many factors: study, work, or simply she is a single mother and is forced to work to the detriment of the child.
Severe illnesses of the mother - requiring immediate hospitalization and treatment for a long time. These may be cardiovascular diseases, diseases internal organs and respiratory systems.
The presence of defective breast milk in a nursing mother. Chemical composition milk does not meet the required standards. It is too liquid and non-greasy. In this case, the pediatrician transfers the newborn to mixed feeding in order to provide the baby’s growing body with all the microelements and vitamins it needs. If this is not done on time and the baby is left to breastfeed, he will experience the following diseases: malnutrition and anemia.

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Mixed feeding of a newborn: basic rules

It is necessary to start feeding with breast milk.

This is due to the fact that it is more nutritious and will best satisfy the baby’s need for food. In addition, at the beginning of the diet, the newborn has an active appetite and he happily sucks on his mother’s breast. If you offer him right away artificial mixture from a bottle, then, having had enough of it, he will not want to suckle breast milk, because this is much more difficult to do. As a result, milk can simply burn out if it is not expressed in time. It is necessary to breastfeed a newborn until it is completely emptied, and then move on to supplementary feeding of the baby with an artificial formula.

In cases where there are social and domestic problems or the mother is forced to undergo treatment, the baby can be offered artificial nutrition twice a day, but no more, and then supplemented with expressed breast milk or milk from the children's kitchen.

It is better to feed the baby from a spoon (if the volume of the formula is not too large), because the supply of formula from a bottle facilitates, on the one hand, the process of feeding a newborn, but on the other hand, it can completely atrophy the instinct to suck the mother’s breast. If the amount of supplementary feeding is too large, then you cannot do without a bottle. Try to purchase an elastic nipple with a small hole so that the baby cannot distinguish it from the mother’s breast and also eats the mixture offered to him with appetite.

As for the feeding regime, everything here is also very individual. Depending on how well your newborn baby is gaining weight, the amount of food may be increased or decreased. It is better to find out this after consultation with a specialist who will correctly prescribe the amount of food for your baby, and also write out a detailed schedule in which you will feed. Strictly follow the doctor's recommendations if he tells you which of the two types of food should be reduced and which should be increased. Ultimately, the health of the newborn depends on this.

Remember to sterilize all baby feeding equipment. Nipples and bottles must be kept perfectly clean so that no infection or bacteria can enter the baby’s body through them.

The temperature of the finished mixture should not exceed 37-38 degrees. To do this, before offering the baby his food, try it on your wrist.

Complementary foods with mixed feeding are introduced into the baby's diet 2-3 weeks earlier than with natural feeding.

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How to calculate a baby's daily requirement for basic ingredients

To calculate the baby's needs for food ingredients, it is necessary to take into account his age and weight. It is also important to know exactly what kind of feeding the nutrition is close to, natural or artificial.

The type of mixture is also of great importance. Depending on the doctor’s recommendation, both an adapted and non-adapted mixture may be prescribed.

Mixed feeding of newborns and correct calculation of nutritional ingredients are the key to your child’s health.

A more detailed calculation should be confirmed with your doctor.

Artificial feeding of a newborn baby

There is nothing healthier for a newborn baby than breast milk. After all, with it the child receives not only useful substances, but also maternal immunity. But, unfortunately, it often happens that for some reason the mother cannot give him this. Complications after childbirth, requiring treatment with drugs dangerous to the child, decreased lactation as a consequence of postpartum depression. hypogalactia (insufficient milk production) and other factors can cause the inability to breastfeed. Many mothers who are faced with such a problem have a hard time dealing with it psychologically. But don't despair so much. Nowadays, there is such a variety of baby food that every mother can choose the most suitable one for her baby in all its parameters. So, artificial feeding is the topic of this article.

How to switch to artificial feeding?

First, let's figure out how to switch to mixtures. If a child begins to be fed formula immediately after birth, he will get used to it quite quickly. Even in the maternity hospital, a neonatologist or a breastfeeding consultant for newborns will select a formula that is most suitable for the baby. The situation is more complicated if from the first days after birth the mother fed the baby with breast milk, but it so happened that she was forced to switch him to artificial feeding. It is more difficult because many children who switch to formula begin to have some problems - refusal to eat, allergic manifestations. constipation By the way, constipation during artificial feeding is a common “side effect” of switching to artificial nutrition. Therefore, it is important for the mother not only to choose a formula for the baby, but also to know how to feed the baby with it.

Rules for artificial feeding

It is good if the transition to artificial feeding of the child is gradual, i.e. for a period of two weeks or more. At first it will be possible to give one serving of the mixture per day, then, after a few days, two, etc. This will make it easier for the baby to get used to the new food. It happens that a child refuses a bottle. In such cases, a gradual transition would also be more appropriate. But if you need to wean off the breast immediately, then nothing can be done - you will have to make a sharp transition to artificial feeding. And this is more difficult, because the child may not immediately adapt to the innovation. What should mom do in this case?

Choose the most suitable mixture (with your doctor).
Dilute it according to the instructions. You cannot put more or less powder than indicated on the package.
Warm the water for the formula to the same temperature as breast milk.
Feed your baby on demand.
For short-term constipation, give your baby dill water. For prolonged periods, contact your pediatrician.
If you are allergic to the mixture, change it immediately.
For any noticed side effects consult a doctor immediately.

I would like to note that it is better to find out how to switch your baby to artificial feeding in consultation with a pediatrician or a breastfeeding specialist. When choosing food for a child, you need to be guided not only by knowledge about the proper composition of the product or its manufacturer, but also about the individual characteristics of the baby. Therefore, it will be easier for a doctor who knows these features better than the mother to choose the most suitable mixture for the baby.

How to choose a mixture?

Most formulas on the baby food market today are based on cow's milk. It is processed in a special way to reduce the risk of allergic reactions in the child. The composition of infant formula is adapted, making it similar to breast milk. Nowadays, mixed or artificial feeding of children under one year of age with formulas is possible due to their diversity in composition. There are two main types of mixtures:

-maximally adapted containing easily digestible whey protein, which are suitable for children from birth,
-partially adapted, containing casein (complex milk protein), intended for children over 6 months.

You can also distinguish the mixtures by the numbers on the packaging. The number “1” means that the formula is maximally adapted and can be given to the child from birth. The number “2” indicates that this mixture is for children from six months.

In order to choose the ideal formula for your baby, you may have to change it more than once. But this will not be endless, as it might seem at first. After all, from three months of age, children’s digestion becomes better and they absorb food well. However, sometimes problems such as constipation in newborns remain for a long time. Here the mother will have to help the child cope with it.

How much formula should I give to newborns?

The most important thing to remember is that artificial feeding of a newborn does not differ from breastfeeding in the feeding time. That is, artificial animals also need to be fed on demand. Now about the amount of mixture prepared per feeding. Each baby food package contains feeding instructions. However, for any indication, the doctor may prescribe his own dosage.

In any case, every mother needs to know that a newborn baby from the moment of birth to 10 days usually eats an amount of milk per day equal to 70 ml × the number of days of life. From 10 days to 2 months - 1/5 of body weight, from 2 to 4 months - 1/6, from 4 to 6 months - 1/6, from 6 months to a year - 1/8. If, for example, the baby is 3 months old and his weight is 6000 g, then his daily nutritional intake will be 1/6 of his body weight, i.e. 1000 ml. And since the mother visits the pediatrician monthly and knows the child’s weight, it will be easy for her to calculate nutritional doses.

If you strictly follow the instructions and prescriptions of the doctor, then formula feeding will actually seem not such a problem. And a mother should not despair that she cannot give her milk to her child. After all, the baby doesn’t really understand what he eats now; the main thing for him is that his mother is nearby.

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Quantity
Schedule
Cooking process
Feeding process
Rules

If it happened that the baby became artificial and was for some reason deprived of breast milk, parents should take this with full responsibility. First, you need to familiarize yourself with the approximate daily amount of nutrition needed by children of different ages. Secondly, you will have to focus on a specific meal schedule by the hour. Thirdly, there are rules on how to feed a newborn with formula: you must adhere to them and try not to deviate from them.

All this will help the baby quickly adapt to the new world around him, develop normally and grow energetic and healthy.

Quantity

If it turns out that the newborn needs to be fed with formula, first you need to choose it correctly. The modern baby food market offers a wide variety of options: highly or partially adapted, dairy and dairy-free, anti-reflux and gluten-free, liquid and dry. Having studied the ratings and reviews (reviews, types and ratings the best mixtures for newborns you will find in our article), after consulting with a pediatrician, parents select one of the most optimal options.

After the necessary powder (or emulsion) has been purchased, one of the main tasks is not to overfeed the child or, conversely, not to leave him hungry. And here the table “Daily norms of the mixture” turns out to be of great help.

Since the table contains several parameters, we will consider each of them in more detail.

Age

Despite the fact that our task is to feed the formula specifically to a newborn (who, by definition, should be from 0 to 1 month), the table provides data for more late age. This way, parents will be able to compare indicators and focus on them in the future, as the baby grows up.

Amount of formula per 1 feeding

These indicators have a fairly wide range of scope, as can be seen from the numbers already on the first line. So how much mixture should you give? 20 ml or 60? This indicator will depend on what schedule the mother will feed the newborn. If 7 times, according to the recommendations of pediatricians, then the number will be the same. If according to the first requirement (the so-called free artificial feeding), the number of meals will be greater, and the dose will be less.

Amount of mixture per day

There is no longer such a wide range here. And if the numbers from the second column are easily adjusted depending on how often you feed the newborn with formula, then in the end you should still get the numbers from the third column - focus on them.

Although they also depend on the weight and health status of the newborn. If he is premature or has some pathology, he will not eat much in any case. But if a hero with remarkable health and large weight is born, he will, accordingly, need more mixture. But this difference is taken into account in another, more convenient, from the point of view of many parents, table.

Eat various ways calculate how much formula you should feed your newborn based on his individual characteristics (in particular, weight). You can use these formulas. They will give more accurate figures. Once you decide on the volume of food, you will need to create a feeding schedule.

Helpful advice. Most often, all these tables and formulas turn out to be unnecessary for parents for one simple reason. Most artificial formulas for newborns contain detailed instructions on how much powder to dilute in what amount of water at a time. Some manufacturers contain this information on the box, while others have it directly on the measuring bottle that is included in the mixtures.

Schedule

Decide right away how you will feed your newborn with formula - on time or on demand.

In the first case, a specific schedule will be developed that will organically fit into the daily routine. This is convenient, will allow the mother to do household chores at intervals, and will teach the baby and his stomach to be in order.

On the other hand, many pediatricians say that it is much healthier to feed the baby at his first request, in accordance with the natural urges of his body. However, there is a risk of overfeeding and further obesity.

Parents need to solve this dilemma on their own or by listening to the opinion of the local pediatrician. If you select the hourly schedule option, you can use the following table.

This is an approximate schedule for artificial feeding of a newborn by the hour, which can be adjusted at your discretion, taking into account the daily routine and the individual characteristics of each family separately.

Ages from 1 to 5 months are given for comparison and for convenience: after all, then it will be quite easy to stretch the intervals between meals if you immediately teach the child to eat on time, and not on demand. So choose a scheme and it’s time to learn how to prepare the mixture correctly.

You need to know this. Today, the World Health Organization (one of the most competent bodies in medicine and pediatrics) recommends that young parents abandon a strict hourly schedule in favor of feeding on demand of the newborn.

Cooking process

The well-being of a newborn who is bottle-fed will most directly depend on how correctly the mother prepares the formula.

All such products are accompanied by detailed instructions, which must be carefully studied, and all its points must be strictly implemented. Among them, several general points can be distinguished.

To dilute the dry mixture, use bottled water, which does not need to be boiled in order to preserve all its beneficial properties.
Tap water must be boiled.
Follow the dosage specified in the instructions for the mixture exactly. Too much powder and not enough water will cause colic and dyspeptic disorders. Too little dry base and too much water is a guarantee that the newborn will be capricious and ask to eat at the wrong time.
Dilute the mixture immediately in the bottle.
First, water is poured in, preheated to 50°C. If its temperature is higher than this indicator, it will destroy the beneficial bacteria of the mixture.
After pouring the powder into the bottle, shake it well so that there are no lumps.
Before feeding your newborn, check the temperature of the formula again: it should not exceed 37°C.
The width of the hole in the nipple should force the newborn to make some effort to strain the mixture from the bottle.

The process of preparing the mixture is one of the main stages of feeding. The correctness of its implementation will determine how satisfied the baby will be with the food, whether he will be fully satisfied, as well as his health and further physical development.

Once you have mastered the basics of cooking for these babies, you will have to take small “courses” to learn how to feed them correctly.

Lifehack. To determine the temperature of the finished formula for a newborn, drop a little milk liquid from the bottle onto your wrist. If the skin does not feel anything, you can feed your hero. If she feels a hot or cold touch, the food will have to be cooled or heated.

Feeding process

Very important point for all young mothers - learn how to properly feed a newborn with formula, because the technique of this process is significantly different from that used for infants.

The faster you master it, the less problems will arise with nutrition and further development. Some useful tips will help you do this.

Newborn position

It should not lie on its back, as the mixture will flow out of the bottle itself. Because of this, the child may choke or choke. The sucking reflex will also be formed incorrectly.
The head should be located slightly above the body, on the bend of the mother’s arm bent at the elbow.
The head and spine of a newborn should form a straight line.
The baby's position during formula feeding should be the same as when breastfeeding.

Feeding technique

A newborn should not be allowed to grasp the entire pacifier with his lips. Correct position: only the oblong part should be in his mouth, but the lips should lie on the round part.
Make sure that the oblong part of the nipple is constantly filled with the mixture. This way, the newborn will not swallow air and then suffer from colic.
Don't rush your baby while you feed. He himself knows the pace at which he is comfortable sucking. Don't shake the bottle, don't yell at him, and try not to show your impatience yourself.
If your newborn refuses to eat, do not force him to eat every last drop. If the dose is less than usual, take a closer look: he may not be feeling well. In this case, consult your pediatrician.
After feeding, pat your baby lightly on the back - this will make him burp the air he swallowed while sucking.

Breaks

Do you want to learn how to properly feed your baby formula? Then you should take short breaks directly while eating.
The fact is that when sucking, the baby still swallows air, which creates a false feeling of satiety. To get rid of it, you need small stops. They allow the newborn to burp, that is, to free himself from air, and again feel that he is not yet full.
As soon as the baby moves away from the bottle, hold him in a semi-vertical or vertical position in a column and wait for the burp.
For the same purpose, you can put it with its tummy on your shoulder, and its arms on your back.
Another way to get rid of swallowed air is a light massage of the back, gentle pats on the butt.
If you put him on your knees with his tummy down, the result will be the same.
Practice different ways and choose the technique that will allow you to quickly achieve the desired effect.
At the same time, do not forget to protect your and his clothes from regurgitation.
If you don’t take a break and wait for regurgitation, swallowed air will cause colic and gas.

Mother and baby bond

Very often, women who do not breastfeed their babies feel guilty, since it is believed that babies have a much closer emotional connection with their mothers. However, even with artificial animals, it can be established just during the feeding process.
Hold your baby gently while eating.
Talk to him: call him affectionate names, try to convey all your love and tenderness through your voice.
Stroke your newborn while feeding - this will create close physical contact, which artificial babies so lack.
One of the advantages of feeding with formula is the interaction of the newborn with other relatives, in particular with the dad, who can also feed him with formula from a bottle. However, in order to establish an emotional connection with the mother, it is she who must feed the baby during the first month of life.

This is the technique for feeding newborns with formula. If you learn to do it correctly, this will allow you to avoid many unpleasant moments that are considered disadvantages of artificial nutrition.

Adapted food is as close as possible in composition to breast milk. Emotional connection and close bodily contact can also be achieved. So there shouldn't be any problems. To top it off, a few more useful tips will help dispel any last doubts.

A small nuance. During a break in the middle of formula feeding, when you help the baby burp up swallowed air, you should not put him on your lap with his tummy down, although this method exists and is used in practice. Yes, the air will come out, but the pressure exerted in this position on digestive tract crumbs, can cause disruption in its operation.

Rules

By following all the above tips, you can quickly learn how to properly feed a newborn with formula from a bottle. If you have any doubts, you can always consult your doctor or look at the list of general recommendations.

Do not leave your newborn alone with a bottle.
Change the nipple periodically as it becomes deformed and worn out.
Keep an eye on the expiration date of the mixture.
Do not feed your baby when he is depressed or irritated. First you need to relax and calm down. Newborns sense their mother’s mood very subtly. If you are tense, the baby will also be worried.
Do not feed your baby if he is screaming or crying to prevent him from choking. Try to calm him down first.
Keep in mind that formula is harder and longer for your baby's stomach to digest than breast milk. Therefore, the intervals between feedings should be at least 3 hours.
The bottle and nipple are disinfected for each meal.
Do not leave the mixture uneaten until next time.

All these nuances of how to feed a newborn with formula are very important for his further development and health. If you do everything according to the recommendations of specialists, based on individual consultations with a pediatrician, no problems will arise.

You don’t even have to worry that your baby is deprived of breast milk. Modern baby food adapted to the developing gastrointestinal tract of a small organism and contains a large amount of useful and nutrients necessary for its normal development. Feed your child correctly with high-quality, carefully selected mixtures - and he will delight you with his good health and irrepressible energy.

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All young mothers understand perfectly well that in the first months of life more healthy nutrition than breast milk for a newborn baby. But sometimes a situation arises in which it is necessary to switch the child to a different diet (there is no breast milk or the mother cannot breastfeed). Artificial feeding A newborn baby requires the right approach to both choosing a formula and following a new diet. Consultation with a pediatrician is mandatory before starting IV.

Indications for switching to IV

Feeding even the highest quality formulas will not be able to replenish the microelements that the baby receives with mother's milk. Therefore, the introduction of adapted nutrition should always be justified. Pediatricians identify several circumstances when artificial feeding is considered necessary:

Difficult childbirth, after which the mother must restore her strength;
Taking certain groups of vital medications by a woman;
Infectious diseases of the mother;
Lack of milk in the breast glands or its insufficiency. Lack of milk is determined by control weighing the baby after feeding;
Inability to feed the child due to temporary absence. This indication is justified when there are no conditions for storing expressed milk or the period of mother’s absence lasts for weeks.

Insufficient milk production must first be restored with the help of drugs that enhance lactation. Artificial feeding of the child begins only if these drugs do not bring the expected result. There is no need to introduce formula completely at once; even a few grams of breast milk are beneficial for the baby’s body and it is impossible to deprive him of this benefit.

Pros and cons of using artificial mixtures

Not all young mothers seriously think about what awaits them and their baby when switching to using infant formula. Often, just because of her convenience, a woman deprives her child of microelements necessary for his immunity and general health. Before deciding to switch to IV with a formula recommended by a pediatrician, you need to weigh all the advantages and disadvantages of the new diet. The obvious advantages of artificially feeding a child include:

Possibility of feeding the baby with other relatives. That is, the mother can calmly go away on her business and not worry that the baby will cry from hunger;
When feeding a baby from a bottle, the mother always knows how much he eats at one time and, if there are problems with his health, he immediately notices this by the amount of food remaining;
The occurrence of allergies is always associated with the type of mixture. In order to determine the allergen in a breastfed baby, a nursing mother has to completely review her diet;
The formula takes longer to digest than milk, so the number of times your baby eats is reduced.

These are some of the advantages of formula feeding, but there are many more disadvantages:

Artificially born people get sick more often colds, allergies in subsequent years. This fact is explained by the lack of special enzymes in their body, which the baby can only get from mother’s milk;
The use of bottles requires that they be kept sterile at all times. If cleanliness is not maintained, then the development of dyspeptic disorders is possible;
Formula-fed babies often suffer from colic and periodic regurgitation - a low-quality nipple contributes to the swallowing of air;
When traveling with a child, you have to take with you a separate bag with formula, bottles, sterilizers, that is, excess luggage;
It is often necessary to change several types of mixtures in order to find the most suitable one;
Artificial feeding of a child also involves certain financial costs. A good formula cannot be cheap, and as the child grows up, more and more of it is needed.

There are many more disadvantages of formula feeding than advantages, and therefore you should first try to restore hypolactation, and only then resort to such an extreme measure.

How to choose a mixture

The selection of the mixture must be coordinated with the pediatrician. The doctor knows the health characteristics of your child and will recommend the most gentle nutrition. It is necessary to independently show increased attention to the choice of mixtures and be sure to comply with the following criteria:

Best before date– the most important condition for the absence of unwanted reactions. Choose those boxes that have a reserve of several months of use;
The packaging must not be opened or deformed. The presence of dents and scratches indicates non-compliance with transportation conditions, and such a mixture may be spoiled;
Meals are provided according to age categories. A newborn baby should not be given formula intended for older children; the unformed stomach and intestines can react with serious illnesses;
You need to accustom your baby to the introduction of hypoallergenic mixtures;
If a child has certain health problems, then the food may contain additives that are useful to improve the functioning of the organs.

Mixtures may contain herbs to boost immunity, iron to treat anemia. Read the detailed article:

How and which mixture is better to choose When giving formula to your baby for the first time, be sure to keep an eye on him. skin

, behavior, frequency of bowel movements and stool character.

How to prepare food

When bottle-feeding a baby, his well-being will directly depend on how you prepare the formula. The instructions must be read and its points must be followed.
The dosage must be fully observed. Excessive amounts of dry mixture or lack of water can lead to oversaturation of the intestines with nutrients, and this is reflected in colic and dyspeptic disorders. The lack of dry foundation leads to the fact that the baby is capricious and asks for a bottle at the wrong time;
The mixture is diluted directly in a bottle, into which water with a temperature of no higher than 50 degrees is first poured. More heat leads to the destruction of beneficial bacteria;
After dilution, shake the mixture and make sure there are no lumps. Before feeding, check the temperature - it should not be higher than 37 degrees;
The hole in the nipple should be such that the baby makes some effort to suck. Flowing out in a thin stream leads to complete refusal of the breast and to the fact that the stomach begins to quickly stretch.

The mixture can be prepared in advance, but it should be stored in the refrigerator for no more than a day and heated in hot water.

Video instruction:

How to feed your baby correctly

Formula-fed babies often weigh much more than their peers who drink their mother's milk. This is not as good as it seems, and with increased obesity comes a variety of health problems. To avoid this, you do not need to overfeed your baby; you must take into account how much he drinks and how long he can go without a bottle.

A bottle is chosen when the baby is completely fed with formula or the amount reaches 2/3 of the total nutrition. The nipple must have a narrow hole, this will not allow the baby to wean off the breast (how to choose a bottle for feeding);
A teaspoon is used when the child feeds mainly from the breast, and receives the missing amount of food in the form of formulas;
Sometimes a child refuses both a bottle and a spoon, but he needs to be fed. In this case, the diluted mixture is poured through a syringe without a needle in small doses.

Feeding technique

The baby should be in an almost vertical position, this is convenient for sucking and will not allow you to choke.
Make sure that the milk completely covers the nipple and air accumulates at the bottom of the bottle. This will prevent air from entering the stomach.
After feeding, the baby must be held in an upright position so that trapped air can escape.

We read: How to teach a baby to use a bottle

If you feed your baby formula, this does not mean that he should be left alone. The baby may choke on milk or lose the bottle. The emotional contact between mother and baby is also important, so holding him in your arms you can calmly watch the baby’s concentrated face and take a break from household chores.

The nipple on the bottle needs to be changed periodically; it quickly becomes thinner, and the mixture flows through the hole in a continuous stream. You should always use the mixture after preparing it or store it in the refrigerator. The remaining food is poured out immediately.

An artificial baby needs to consume additional complementary foods earlier, this will make up for the deficiency of missing microelements.

How much formula should a baby eat:

A newborn baby in the first month of life eats from 700 to 800 ml of the adapted mixture 8-10 times. At 2-3 months of life, the amount of the mixture increases to 900 ml. When complementary foods are introduced, the volume of mixtures decreases.

It is believed that a child needs enough nutrition, which is 1/5 of his body weight per day. That is, if a baby weighs 4 kg, then he should drink 800 ml of milk per day. In the first days of life, the baby can drink 30–40 ml at a time, then up to 100 ml. In this regard, the frequency of feedings after the first month of life decreases. See the material: how much milk (formula) does a baby eat in the first month?

Frequency of sterilization of feeding bottles and nipples:

In the first month of life, all bottles and nipples should be sterilized after each feeding. First, the remaining mixture is removed with warm water and a brush, then all devices are boiled for 10 minutes. It is best to purchase a special sterilizer; using it, you will always be sure that the dishes are clean.

After the first month of life, it is enough to wash the nipple and bottle and rinse them with boiling water. But still make sure that the bottles are washed thoroughly, special attention should be paid to the threads, hard-to-reach places where bacteria can multiply in a few hours.

Is it possible to store the prepared mixture:

The prepared mixture is stored at room temperature for no more than 2 hours, in the refrigerator for no more than 12 hours. The remaining mixture after feeding is poured out; drinking such milk after an hour can lead to poisoning.

Video: Proper bottle feeding

Free IW

Baby's food needs different time days are not the same. But you still need to adhere to a certain schedule with a deviation of half an hour in one direction or another. This way you will always know what time your baby usually eats and will be able to guess the time of a visit to the clinic or for a walk. If the regimen is followed, the baby falls asleep easier and is less susceptible to excessive weight gain,

Situations in which it is necessary to replace the mixture:

The mixture is not suitable, it causes frequent regurgitation, diarrhea or constipation, allergic reactions;
Reaching a certain age. There is no point in giving a 6 month old baby formula for newborns;
The need to use special medicinal nutrition.

Problems with artificial feeding:

Artificial feeding of a child is considered in medicine as “metabolic stress” and therefore causes a wide variety of reactions. Allergies, problems with stool, colic occur in the first days in most babies. Some of them get used to it, others have to change mixtures.

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Breastfeeding is unique in its nature, because only mother’s milk can provide the baby not only with the necessary amount of fats, microelements, vitamins (and in an optimal state for absorption), but also with biologically active substances such as enzymes, hormones, immunoglobulins, and leukocytes. These components are very difficult or even impossible to introduce into artificial mixtures. It is not without reason that scientists are currently proposing to legally prohibit the use of the terms “mother’s milk substitutes” in the literature (or in information about formulas), since such mixtures simply cannot be created. Beyond this purely practical significance, the importance of breastfeeding is undeniable for psychological comfort mother and baby, mutual understanding between “mothers and children” from the first days of life.

However, there are circumstances in which breastfeeding is not possible. And then the baby is transferred to artificial feeding, i.e. feeding the baby with formula milk.

When is a baby switched to artificial or mixed feeding?

Medical circumstances: cases of difficult pregnancy and childbirth, requiring the restoration of the mother’s strength, taking medications that pass into breast milk, infectious diseases, etc.
Insufficient production (control weighings show that the baby is not gaining enough weight, and attempts at stimulation are unsuccessful).
The impossibility of continuous breastfeeding in situations where the mother is forced to leave the child under the supervision of someone, and expressed or frozen milk is not enough.

If a mother does not have the opportunity to breastfeed, then feelings of guilt should not burden her relationship with the child.

Is it possible to store the prepared mixture?

If your baby falls asleep towards the end of the feeding without having sucked everything out of the bottle, empty the contents. Under no circumstances should the remainder of the formula be left until the next feeding. All items necessary for artificial feeding, like baby dishes, should be rinsed immediately after feeding under running warm water, removing any remaining mixture with a bottle brush and nipple. After this, the dishes must be sterilized (either by boiling for 10-15 minutes, or using an electric sterilizer).

Next, all feeding accessories are cooled to room temperature and placed on a clean towel. This should be done during the 1st month of the child’s life, then it is enough to rinse the bottle with boiled water.

Free artificial feeding

A child eats different amounts of food at different times of the day, and his need for food is not the same. Free-fed children gain weight better than children on a strictly dosed diet.

However, when artificial feeding, doctors advise using partially free feeding - a method in which there are certain feeding hours, the amount of food is given at the child's request, but within certain limits.

Usually 20-30 ml more is poured into the bottle for each feeding, but food is given at fixed hours (deviation within 30 minutes is acceptable). This allows you to more accurately determine the baby’s optimal need for food. If a child does not fully eat the amount of food offered to him, he should not be force-fed.

Age, months	0-1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	9-12
Dishes and products
Adapted milk formula, ml	700 - 800	800 - 900	800 - 900	800 - 900	700	400	300 - 400	350	200	200
Fruit juice, ml	According to indications*			5 - 30	40 - 50	50 - 60	60	70	80	90 - 100
Fruit puree, g	According to indications*			5 - 30**	40 - 50	50 - 60	60	70	80	90 - 100
Cottage cheese, g	-	-	-	-	-	40	40	40	40	40
Yolk, g	-	-	-	-	-	-	0,25	0,5	0,5	0,5
Vegetable puree, g	-	-	-	-	10 - 150	150	150	170	180	200
Milk porridge, g	-	-	-	-	-	50 - 150	150	150	180	200
Meat puree, g	-	-	-	-	-	-	5-30	50	50	60 - 70
Kefir and others dairy products or whole milk, ml	-	-	-	-	-	-	200	200	400	400
Whole wheat bread, g	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5	5	10
Rusks, cookies, g	-	-	-	-	-	3 - 5	5	5	10	10 - 15
Vegetable oil (sunflower, corn), g	-	-	-	-	3	3	3	5	5	6
Butter, g	-	-	-	-	-	4	4	5	5	6
* The introduction of the product is determined depending on the child’s health condition and the degree of adaptation of the human milk substitute used in his diet. ** Puree is introduced 2 weeks after the introduction of juice.

Situations in which you have to change the mixture:

individual intolerance to the mixture, often manifested by an allergic reaction;
reaching the age at which you can move from the first stage to the second (5-6 months); Moreover, if the child tolerated one or another mixture well, then it is desirable that the subsequent mixture be with the same name;
the need to administer medicinal mixtures (in case of allergies, regurgitation, etc.; medicinal mixtures should be administered only as prescribed by a doctor);
transition from medicinal mixtures to adapted ones, after eliminating the condition for the purpose of correction of which the medicinal mixture was introduced.

With artificial feeding, complementary foods are introduced at 4.5-5 months, while with breastfeeding this is done later - at 5-6 months. This is due to the fact that children who are bottle-fed receive a significant amount of “foreign” nutrients in the human milk substitute, which leads to a certain adaptation of the child to the “foreign” diet. It should be noted that the timing of the introduction of complementary foods is chosen individually, after discussion with the pediatrician who is monitoring the baby.

You need to start with small quantities of the product, gradually increasing it. On the first day, complementary foods are given in the amount of 3-5 teaspoons, and within 10-12 days this is increased to the full volume of one feeding.
Complementary foods should be given before formula feeding, from a spoon.
You cannot introduce two new products at the same time.
Complementary foods should be pureed and should not contain small pieces that may cause difficulty swallowing. As you age, you should move on to thicker and, later, denser foods.
After introducing complementary foods, it is necessary to establish a 5-time feeding regimen.
The first complementary foods are introduced at one of the daily feedings, preferably at 10 or 14 hours.

Vegetable puree It is considered preferable for the first complementary feeding in healthy bottle-fed children; it is richer in vitamins, minerals, pectins, and fiber, which are necessary for a growing body. The introduction of complementary foods must begin with one type of vegetables: zucchini, pumpkin, cauliflower, broccoli, green peas, potatoes, which should not account for more than 20% of the total volume of vegetables.

Porridge(rice, corn, buckwheat) are introduced as complementary foods a month after the introduction of vegetables (not earlier than 6 months). After 8 months, you can introduce gluten-containing cereals (oatmeal, semolina). Porridge is given to the child starting from 1-2 teaspoons, gradually increasing its amount to 120-150 g per day and adding 3-4 g of melted butter or vegetable oil. After porridge, you can give your baby fruit puree.

Cottage cheese, as a source of complete protein and some essential amino acids, calcium and phosphorus salts, should be prescribed to healthy, normally developing children no earlier than 5-6 months to enrich complementary foods with protein. The amount of cottage cheese per year should not exceed 50 g in order to avoid a high salt and protein load on the child’s kidneys.

Yolk A hard-boiled chicken egg should be given from 6-7 months. Its earlier administration often leads to allergic reactions. The yolk is given to the child in pureed form, mixed with a small amount of the mixture, starting with minimal doses (at the tip of a spoon) and gradually increasing its amount to 1/4-1/2 per day. Later, the yolk is added to porridge or vegetable puree. It is better to give the yolk 2 times a week.

Meat It is recommended to introduce it starting from 7-7.5 months. If a child has intolerance to cow's milk proteins, it is better to avoid introducing beef and veal, and use rabbit meat, white meat turkey, chicken and lean pork. For anemia meat puree prescribed from 5-5.5 months. At 8-9 months, meat puree is replaced with meatballs, and by the end of the year - with steamed cutlets. It is not recommended to give meat broth to a child of the first year of life, since its nutritional value is insignificant, in addition, it is rich in extractive substances that have an allergenic effect.

Artificial feeding of newborns is recommended if a woman does not have breast milk or is unable to carry out natural feeding. How to organize it correctly to minimize risks for the baby’s body? What to feed and in what quantity? How to establish psychological contact with a baby? The answers are in the recommendations of pediatricians and lactation consultants.

In modern society, the question of what to feed a child is resolved by a clear choice in favor of breastfeeding. Natural feeding up to two years is recommended by the World Health Organization as the only type of food that one hundred percent meets the needs of the child’s body.

Numerous studies have confirmed that breast milk alone does not burden digestive system and does not cause disruptions in its operation. Its composition is ideally balanced for a specific child with his individual characteristics. It satisfies not only the need for nutrients, but additionally supplies the body with immune factors, hormones, enzymes, which cannot be obtained artificially and “imprisoned” in the most perfect mixture.

And finally, breast milk and the process of sucking it become both a way of nutrition for the baby and a way to get rid of fear and pain, an opportunity for the closest and necessary contact with his mother.

But situations arise when breastfeeding fails. This is facilitated by objective and subjective reasons.

Why is there no milk

The complete absence of breast milk, in which artificial feeding is necessarily introduced, is called agalactia. Contrary to the popular belief that many women are susceptible to agalactia, breastfeeding consultants say this is not so. Experts from the international organization La Leche League state that true agalactia is observed in no more than 1-2% of young mothers. It is caused by serious hormonal imbalances in a woman’s body.

In other cases, the reason for the impossibility of organizing breastfeeding lies in something completely different.

Separation of mother and child. The lack of free access of the baby to the breast after birth excludes the correct formation of lactation. If a woman has not pumped her breasts, it becomes impossible for milk to come in naturally and in sufficient volume.
Medical recommendations. In some cases, mothers are prohibited from breastfeeding. Often such recommendations are given to women with metabolic disorders, heart disease, liver disease, and other pathologies of internal organs. According to WHO, these conditions are not absolute contraindications to breastfeeding. The real reasons There are only two reasons why a woman cannot breastfeed naturally: HIV infection and an open form of tuberculosis, in which the health of the mother poses a danger to the health of the baby. In other cases, when a woman is sick or taking medications, she can arrange for breastfeeding after recovery.
Mom's reluctance.

Women who do not want to breastfeed should take into account that no artificial formula will create as strong a foundation for good health and full development of the child as breast milk. In addition, natural feeding is much simpler from a practical point of view and much cheaper than feeding with high-quality formulas.

Blend selection

If all the pros and cons are weighed and artificial feeding of the child is inevitable, it is necessary to organize it according to the rules. There are three of them:

mixture selection;
determination of feeding regimen and volume;
organization of feedings.

The main criterion for choosing a product for feeding should be the recommendations of the pediatrician. There are mixtures that are suitable for healthy babies and children with disorders of the digestive system, allergic diathesis, and premature babies.

Adapted mixtures

Produced from cow's milk, in which the protein content, which is excessive for a child's body, is reduced by introducing a whey component. For babies in the first days of life, mixtures of the primary or initial formula are intended. They are designated by the number 1 in the name, for example, “Nutrilon 1” or “Baby 1”.

They contain important components: amino acids, taurine, polyunsaturated acids. Manufacturers enrich them with a large “set” of vitamins and microelements, as well as carbohydrates in the form of easily digestible sugar: lactose or sucrose.

When the baby is six months old, his diet should include an adapted formula labeled “2” or with a “subsequent formula.” The amount of protein in it is higher than in the primary one, and there are more carbohydrates to meet the energy needs of the growing baby.

Manufacturers also offer universal adapted mixtures for children from zero to twelve months. Their “average” composition is dominated by casein or whey proteins.

Adapted fermented milk mixtures

They are distinguished from adapted milk formulas by the quality of their protein. It is subjected to bacterial fermentation. Fermented milk mixture is closer to breast milk than milk formula, since the protein is in a curdled state.

Thanks to this processing, it puts less strain on the baby’s immature stomach and is absorbed more quickly in the intestines. The curdled component helps the formation of proper intestinal microflora, as it is saturated with fermented lactic bacteria.

Pediatricians recommend the introduction of adapted fermented milk mixtures to babies with manifestations of dysbacteriosis, stool disorders, and allergic diathesis. They can be used as a constant nutrition for weakened, premature babies. And for periodic use to prevent dysbacteriosis in children receiving an adapted milk formula.

Unadapted milk formulas

To prepare these mixtures, fresh and powdered animal milk is used. The amount of protein in its composition is many times higher than in breast milk. It is represented by casein, which is foreign to the child’s body, which the baby’s digestive system cannot digest due to the lack of appropriate enzymes. As a result, there are dangerous situations: from persistent dysbacteriosis with constant digestive disorders to insufficient weight gain in infants and developmental delays.

Pediatricians do not recommend using unadapted milk formulas in the diet of a child in his first year of life. They do not meet the needs of the child’s body and pose a threat to his health. It is unacceptable to use dry or fresh cow's or goat's milk for preparing mixtures and porridges.

When choosing a formula for your baby, consider the following nuances.

A quality product cannot be cheap. Adapted milk and fermented milk mixtures are the result of serious scientific research. Their components are expensive, so finished product it costs expensive. Unfortunately, this often makes them inaccessible to families with low and medium incomes. But you absolutely cannot save on buying the mixture. This eliminates the possibility of your baby's healthy growth and development.
A reputable manufacturer values its reputation. When choosing a mixture, pay attention to known trade marks. In this case, the risk of buying a low-quality product is lower.
The universal mixture is less easily absorbed. A “starter” formula adapted to his needs is more preferable for a child in the first months of life.
The mixture is not durable. Make sure the product has a sufficient shelf life. Opened jar Can be stored in a dry and dark place for no more than three weeks. You cannot put a dry product in the refrigerator, as it will become damp.

The principle “the more expensive the better” when it comes to choosing formula for artificial feeding works to the fullest. The most expensive samples contain not only the “standard set” of components, but also additional ingredients, for example, linoleic acid for the development of the baby’s brain or carnitine, which promotes the absorption of fats.

Artificial feeding technique

The question of how to feed a newborn with formula is determined by reviews and recommendations from pediatricians. It is not advisable to resort to free feeding techniques, following the example of breastfeeding “on demand”.

The compositions of the products vary radically. And if breast milk does not put a strain on the digestive system even with frequent consumption, the formula is not as “light”. After eating, the baby's body needs time to digest the food.

Mode

Stick to a scheduled feeding schedule for bottle-fed babies.

From birth. Every 3 hours during the day with a six-hour break at night. The number of feedings per day will reach seven.
From three months.
Every 3.5 hours during the day with a six-hour break at night. Thus, six feedings will be required during the day.

From six months.

Modern pediatrics does not recommend shifting the timing of the introduction of complementary foods in artificial babies. Just like with infants, you should begin introducing your baby to his first foods at the age of six months. Gradually, one feeding will be replaced by porridge or vegetable puree. And the number of feedings per day will be five every four hours with an eight-hour break for sleep.

Preparing the mixture

The mixture must be prepared for use in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Dry foods require boiling or adding warm water and stirring until dissolved. There are also ready-to-use liquid mixtures that just need to be heated in a water bath. ° Rules for artificial feeding for babies in the first year of life. The product temperature should be 37-38
WITH. If the mixture was previously boiled, it must be cooled to a suitable temperature. You should prepare food for your baby in advance so that you can feed him on time.
Food should be poured into sterilized containers. The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the bottle can cause disruption of the child’s gastrointestinal tract.
The hole in the nipple should not be large. The mixture should not flow freely from it, but should be released in drops. It is ideal to use a pacifier with a hole adapted to the baby's age. These can be purchased at pharmacies.
When feeding, place the bottle at an angle. Artificial nutrition does not contain components that suppress the growth of pathogenic microflora, which breast milk is rich in. Therefore, its storage period is limited.

If there is food left in the bottle, next feeding it cannot be used. You should wash the bottle and sterilize it and the nipple.

Contact with mom

It seems that artificial babies need maternal care much less than infants. Indeed, any family member can feed them, and when the baby is unwell, a pacifier will provide him with comfort.

Psychologists warn that this approach is dangerous. A bottle with a nipple can replace the mother's breast, but not the mother herself. Otherwise, when the child grows up, he will not reach out to you for support and help, but will begin to look for consolation “on the side.” The close psychological connection that mother and baby experience when they are regularly latched to the breast is also possible when paired with a bottle-fed baby.

“Ensure close skin-to-skin contact,” advises lactation consultant Maria Gudanova. - The baby should feel your warmth and hear sounds familiar to him from the period of intrauterine development. Carry him in your arms more often, sleep together, hold the baby naked to your chest, take a bath together.”

A good solution would be baby massage, which mom can master herself. The child should not be left alone when he is awake. This is a time for your close communication and walks. This approach will help the baby understand that his joys, feelings of security, safety, and warmth are connected with his mother.

“The pacifier should not be perceived by the child as an independent object,” continues AKEV expert Maria Gudanova. “She should be associated only with her mother.” Therefore, adhere to the following rules when feeding and organizing your baby’s routine.

Only mother feeds. Do not delegate feeding to other relatives. The more people take part in this, the lower the baby’s level of trust in you.
Mom offers a pacifier. Don't leave your baby alone with a pacifier. He should suck only in your arms, with his face turned towards you.
The baby falls asleep in his arms. After feeding, offer your baby a pacifier and wait until he falls asleep. Remove the pacifier from his mouth and place him in his crib.

Even if there is no milk in your breast, your baby can nurse from it. Experts from an international breastfeeding organization suggest combining artificial feeding of newborns with the SNS system. It is a soft bottle designed to be filled with a mixture. A tube is attached to the bottle, the tip of which is attached to the mother's nipple.

The process of formula feeding is completely close to natural feeding. The baby is in her arms, in close contact with her mother, sucking on her breast, while simultaneously receiving formula. Using the SNS system provides another great opportunity - the chance to establish adequate breastfeeding.

When breast stimulation occurs within a few months after childbirth, the process of relactation, that is, restoration of lactation, starts. It will allow you to switch your baby to mixed feeding. And then completely or largely replace the artificial formula with your breast milk, which is invaluable for the baby’s health.

Choosing a formula-feeding diet for your baby is not just about deciding on your favorite brand of infant formula. For bottle-fed babies, everything is different, from the frequency of their meals to the color of the contents of their diaper. What do young parents need to know in order to correctly create a formula-fed baby’s regimen?

The routine of a bottle-fed baby is different from that of a baby.
breastfed. Strictly speaking, the everyday life of an “artificialist” is largely
degrees are subject to an hourly schedule, while the days of true
the baby is formed more by the will of his instincts and natural
his mother's desire to put the baby to her breast...

Babies digest breast milk and formula differently

Differences in the regimens of bottle-fed babies and breastfed babies are primarily due to the way in which newborns and older babies absorb breast milk and formula.

A question that young mothers often ask when planning a bottle-fed regimen for their baby: is it true that babies accustomed to infant formula can be fed less frequently than breastfed babies. The short and to the point answer is yes.

If suspicions of an allergy to formula are confirmed, your doctor may recommend a soy-based formula. Or the solution to the problem may be to switch to an extra-hydrolyzed mixture, in which the casein protein is broken down into a more digestible form.

Another important “problem” is infant colic. They occur in children who are bottle-fed no less often, and perhaps even more often, than in those children who are fed breast milk. Of course, the constant crying of a child does not mean that he has colic - any experienced parent will confirm this to you. But if you see that the baby constantly feels discomfort after feeding, it is likely that the reason lies precisely in colic.

Unfortunately, or fortunately, by changing in any way the formula-fed baby's regimen, you are unlikely to get rid of painful infant colic. You just need to survive this “attack” - in most cases, infant colic disappears on its own at the age of 3-4 months.

Some babies eat more, others eat less.

One day, while visiting your friend, you suddenly notice that her child, who is also on artificial feeding, barely drinks 100 milliliters of formula at a time. And your baby can easily cope with a double portion at the same time. Is there really a glutton in your family?

Not at all. Children's diet is a purely individual matter. Different babies on artificial feeding require different amounts of calories, and if one baby needs 100 milliliters of formula, the other will remain hungry.

There is one absolute advantage in artificial feeding mode -
can fully care for a newborn baby
not only mom, but also dad...

In addition, formula intake may vary from one meal to the next. Just like you: in the morning you can eat a vegetable salad, but at lunch you want something more serious. In general, don’t be surprised if your baby eats 120 milliliters of formula, and three hours later he eats 200.

General rules for a bottle-fed baby

How much food should there be? In general, “artificial” children who have not yet received their first complementary foods should eat approximately 150-155 milliliters of ready-made formula per kilogram of weight during the day. So if your baby weighs, say, 3.7 kilograms, count on about 550 milliliters of artificial nutrition. If a child weighs 6 kg, he needs to be given up to 900 milliliters of formula per day.

Feeding frequency. The frequency of meals, as well as the quantity, changes as your baby grows. After the first few days, the newborn will eat 60 to 90 milliliters of formula per meal. The frequency of meals can also vary, but on average newborns eat every three to four hours for the first few weeks. It is believed that if during the first month your baby sleeps for more than four to five hours, starting to skip feedings, you should wake him up (but very kindly, gently and delicately!) and offer him a bottle of formula.

By the end of the first month, the child is ready to eat up to 120 milliliters per dose. By this time, the meal schedule usually has already stabilized, the baby eats on average every four hours.

All families are individual, and so are all the children in them. Often, the parent’s daily routine is no less subordinate to the newborn baby’s routine than the child’s routine is subordinate to your lifestyle. Moreover, regardless of what type of nutrition the baby is on.

And even if you feed your baby formula, the baby’s formula-fed regimen is by no means a strict medical regulation - it’s not so important how strictly you adhere to the hourly feeding schedule. It is much more important that both you and your baby feel harmonious together, so that feeding moments bring not only physiological saturation, but also the joy of joint emotional communication.