Why March 8 celebrate on this day. March, history in the USSR and Russia

It became the day of the first revolutionary step of women - the New York textile and shoe factories workers went on a rally with the requirements for reducing the duration of the working day, increase wages, improve working conditions, etc. In 1857, the working day of a woman could reach 16 hours, and the wage was minimal, while similar male work was assessed much higher. On this day, the first female union was formed, who had to fight for the rights of women in the labor collective.

A few years later, in Copenhagen, at the International Conference of Women, Clara Zetkin offered to hold an annual women's day, which would have a call to women around the world. The slogans about the struggle for equality, respect for the dignity, the world and other revolutionary calls were sounded at the meeting, where it was made to celebrate this day on March 19. Within three years after the congress, the holiday was held on different days, but in 1914 it was decided to hold an international women's holiday - since then the date remained unchanged.

Gradually, the feast was lost his political character, he was made a non-working day, and in Soviet years, meetings were held on this day, where the leadership was honored by well-deserved workers, and reported the implementation of the state's policies against women.

Now on March 8, it is customary to give women flowers, gifts, organize corporate events, encourage their cash rewards. Together with, when men congratulate, the holiday became a day when even the kids in kindergarten are preparing matinees for their own, and children congratulate mothers, sisters and girlfriends. To give at least a symbolic gift is considered mandatory, and girls have already known since childhood that this day should be the most beautiful, and you can wait for gifts and attention boys.

By analogy with the Day of Mother on March 8, it is customary to visit her grandmothers, congratulate them, arrange a feast with abundant snacks, sweets and alcohol. The female holiday is associated with the onset of spring, the freshness and revival of nature from winter hibernation, so it is already cheerful, cheerful and optimistic.

March 8 - World Women's Holiday, when men become unusually gallant and give gifts to their beloved, mothers, sisters and daughters. Meanwhile, Original International Women's Day was not romantic, but rather - a political holiday.

Instruction

According to one of the versions, another residents of ancient Rome began to celebrate the first women's day. On March 1, they celebrated the feast of Matrona dedicated to the wife of the Great Jupiter - the patroness of women Junon. On this day, the Romans put on their best clothes and went to the Temple of Juno Louctions (Sveta). They brought the goddess as a gift and asked her family happiness to give them family happiness. The holiday even spread to the slave, on this day, the owners allowed them to relax, and the work on the house was performed by slaves.

The history of the modern holiday on March 8 began in the 19th century and was associated with the struggle of women for their rights. On March 8, 1857, a manifestation of workers of the sewing and shoe industry was organized in New York. They demanded that they were provided with a 10-hour working day, comfortable working conditions and equal wages with men. The fact is that at that time the women were forced to work at 16 o'clock, getting a pathetic pennies for labor. Soon the female trade unions, representatives of the wonderful sex for the first time, were provided with the authority.

Nevertheless, only at the International Women's Conference of Socialist, held in 1910 in Copenhagen, the well-known German political and public actor Clara Zetkin made a proposal to celebrate the World Warm Day on March 8th. The emergence of a new holiday marked the entry of women of all over the world in the fight for equality and independence.

For the first time, the World Women's Day was celebrated in 1911, however, not the 8th, and on March 19, when on the streets of Austria, Germany, Denmark and Switzerland, manifestations were held on the struggle of workers for their voting rights. In Russia, International Women's Day began to celebrate in 1913. Only in 1976 the holiday was officially recognized by the UN.

The tradition of congratulating mothers, grandmothers and all girls on March 8 for a long time arrived in our society. In this particular day of spring, festive events take place in universities, colleges and workplaces. Men fulfill their mission every year thinking little over why we celebrate March 8, as an international women's day. What does the story talk about this?

March 8 - Who invented?

For the first time, tie these two concepts "March 8 + Woman" decided in the USA in the US 1857, when workers of textile factories came to the protest action. Women are rally against low salary and difficult working conditions. Moreover, it was originally a holiday called the "march of empty saucepan", since at the time of the protest, the workers were stoken over the heads of these empty attributes of their life.

This explanation for the occurrence of the holiday on March 8 is known to everyone from school bench. However, the story says that in fact this day became famous for the fact that March 8, 1910, prostitutes came to the streets of the main city in the United States, which decided to attract attention to themselves and demand loving port sailors worthily paying their hard nightly work.

Such information somewhat imposes a figure in the Female Movement of Clara Zetkin's activist, which in 1910 spoke at the forum dedicated to women with a proposal to celebrate annually on March 8 International Women's Day. This woman did not try at all to ensure that men showed attention to women and tasked them with bouquets of tulips and roses.

Just conversely: Clara Zetkin's feminist requirements have come down to ensure that women get equal rights with men and could independently manage their lives. It is for this reason that Clara has not seen anything acknowledged in helping prostitutes to hold their rally and protect their rights in Germany in the company with Rosa Luxembourg, which was outraged by the etching of the priestess of love from police officers.

March 8, History in the USSR and Russia

In the Soviet Union, March 8 became the official holiday after eleven years, when in 1921 the revolutionary Sasha Kollolltea presented the idea of \u200b\u200bClara Zetkin to Communist Communist Communist. It was Alexander who belongs to a frank phrase that "surrendered to the first oncoming man you need as easily as drinking a glass of water." In these words, there is not a share of social responsibility, but there is an unequivocal hint on how a feminist woman must earn a living .

After graduating from the Great Patriotic War in the country lacked workers, so Joseph began to use the "holiday of all women" to increase the birth rate. In International Women's Day, March 8 honored with absolutely all representatives of beautiful sex without differences in age and social status.

Why does March 8 kill the concept of femininity?

The official holiday dedicated to women, in essence, is devoid of any romance. He simply obliges men at least somehow congratulate all the women known to him, and it takes it only once a year. As a result, the integrity of the female image of the beloved girl, mother or sisters is lost due to the formality of the holiday on March 8. The event simply turns into a ritual having a magical force, and as a "sacrifice" men bring ladies flowers, sweets and cheap souvenirs. In Tog, this holiday unconsciously kills the personality and uniqueness of each woman, turning into the "day of consumption".

True love and affection, coming from the heart, can not be an annual ritual that needs to be performed as strictly as well as washing their hands before eating. Is there any one woman in the world that would dream of getting perfume, gifts and home help only once a year? For Russian women, this practice was unthinkable in pre-revolutionary years, and now it is capable of killing any romance and tenderness of feelings.

Slavic holidays and rites

Interestingly, the ancient Slavs celebrated Women's Day on April 22, and the holiday himself was called "Lelnik", named so in honor of the most young goddess Leli. It was on this day that all girls, girls and women of older age congratulated, honoring their talent to preserve the purity of the soul in mature years.

On behalf of Goddess Lel, the verb "cherish" took place in relation to the fact that Mil soul and Heart. And the tradition of donating flowers went just from this holiday, and not at all from the initiative of Clara Zetkin and Rosa Luxembourg, who were more than prosaic to sentences. It turns out that an ancient Russian holiday was simply used for their own mercenary purposes of lady with a very dubious reputation.

Congratulations on March 8

We appeal to all fair sex and we want to congratulate them on the first spring holiday, but with one very important refinement. Let love, attention and care of men daily decorate your life without binding to any date. True reciprocity should not be on schedule or schedule, this feeling decorates our life every second. Each woman should feel the energy of love of his life satellite twenty-four hours seven days a week throughout the year!

In contact with

On March 8, hundreds of thousands of women are celebrated annually in Ukraine. However, explain why we celebrate Women's Day on March 8 and in general the history of this holiday is not so simple. As "prostitutes" in history was replaced by "workers" and about women's protests - read in the material.

And if it were for those women who owe the holiday on March 8 - to the soul fusionists, they said that in a hundred years, women will prepare for this day in beauty salons, and then take flowers, perfume and compliments as a gift from men, - these ladies would definitely come out From yourself. And the reaction of revolutionary Clara Zetkin, which provided the Women's Day the status of annual and internationally difficult to imagine.

History March 8.- version of the first, official: day of solidarity of workers of women

Although this version of the celebration of the holiday of March 8, the time of the USSR and was recognized as official (and no longer considered any versions), it has several "errors".

So, according to the official version, the holiday is associated with the "march of empty saucepan", which took place on March 8, 1857 in New York.Then women worked on textile dyees protested against bad working conditions and low wages.During the march, they beat these pots, demanding to provide them with a 10-hour working day instead of a 16-hour equal to men wages and selective law.

The same version says about the famous German communist Clara Zetkin. It is her who is often called a woman who founded the holiday on March 8. In 1910, the forum of women in Copenhagen Zetkin called on the world to establish international women's Day on March 8. She meant that on this day, women will arrange rallies and demonstrations, and thereby paying attention to the public to their problems.

It is still still worth reminding about the ambiguous call of Zetkin. She was an avid communist, and therefore was ready for all for his own beliefs. In 1920, during the war of Poland and Soviet Russia, Zetkin said the following from the Raybunums of the Reichstag.

No weapon car for Polish troops, with machines for military factories built in Poland by the capitalists of the Entente, should not cross the border of Germany.

For this, Zetkin encouraged to mobilize all the "conscious proletarian women", which should offer their love to any "conscious" worker, which refuses to participate in the fulfillment of military orders.

History March 8: Clara Zetkin

In the then Russian Empire, this holiday came across the girlfriend Zetkin - a fiery revolutionary Alexander Kollondtai. That very, which conquered the Soviet Union "Big Frace".

You need to be given to the first oncoming man as easily as drinking a glass of water.

March 8, 1917 a female demonstration in Petrograd took place. While two million soldiers died during the war, women came out the requirements of "bread and the world." This historic Sunday falls on February 23 for the Julian calendar, or on March 8 in Gregoriansky - the beginning of the Russian revolution.

Four days later, the king renounced the throne and the temporary government granted the right to vote for women. March 8 was the official holiday in the USSR in 1921.

History March 8.- Version Second: Protests Prostitutes, not workers factories

This version of the origin of the holiday is perhaps the most scandal and unpleasant for everyone representatives of beautiful Floors that are awaiting international women's day with trepidation.

Detention of Suflower in Britain

In 1857, in New York, women really protested (as we wrote above), but there were not a textile worker, but prostitutes. They demanded a salary salary by sailors, because they used their services and did not have money to pay.

Even later - March 8, 1894 - In Paris, another demonstration of prostitutes took place. This time they demanded to recognize their rights on par with those employees of the service sector that sew clothes or bake bread, and establish special unions .

Detention of sofezhestok

Similar shares were held in 1895 in Chicago, and in 1896 in New York.These protests and became the prerequisite for the memorable congress of the souffringers (from the English word Suffrage - "Value Law") in 1910, where it was decided to declare March 8 Women's Day and International, as Zetkin suggested.

By the way, Clara Zetkin also took part in such promotions.In 1910, with his girlfriend, Rosa Luxembourg, she brought to the streets of German cities of prostitutes demanding to stop the increasing police.That's just in the Soviet version of "prostitutes" replaced the "workers of women".

History March 8 - Version Third: Honoring the Jewish Queen

There is a version that Zetkin was born in the family of a Jew-shoemaker, and therefore she tied on March 8 with the Jewish holiday Purim.

According to the legend, the favorite Persian king of Kerks, Esther, saved the Jewish people from extermination, using their charms.Xerxes wanted to exterminate all the Jews, but Esther convinced him not only to not kill Jews, but on the contrary - to destroy all Jewish enemies, including the Persians themselves.It happened on day 13 Arda for the Jewish calendar (this month falls at the end of February- early March). Honor Esther, Jews began to celebrate Purim.The date of the celebration was "floating", but in 1910 she fell on March 8.

This version looks unlikely, but against the background of fictional protests of factory workers– Not so absurd.

Detention of suffling in Germany

Other veras

Some are convinced that March 8 is the birthday of Mrs. Zetkin.Others, or in a joke, whether it seriously argue that on this day Clara Zetkin (Eisner) became a woman, and then decided to enter this intimate date in the world history, having tried it on the day of the "international solidarity of the female proledariat."

Version about the birthday of Zetkin - can be easily refuted because, if you believe historical documents, it was born on July 5th. But the other - about the loss of virginity - it remains only a strange assumption. The holiday itself, March 8, over the years, more and more converts similar and unlikely legends.

Caricature on the sofesman in the press

What do we celebrate March 8?

If you say dry, then March 8- The usual political "PR campaign" of Social Democrats.At the beginning of the 20th century, women protested throughout Europe.And to attract attention to themselves, they didn't even need to show them how modern activists doIt was enough to just go through the streets with posters on which socialist slogans were written.

On March 8, for a long time was the usual working day, only May 8, 1965, on the eve of the 20th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, International Women's Day on March 8 was announced in the USSR a festive day.

Detention of sofezhestok

If you say that March 8- This is a communist relic. You will not be wrong.However, it is impossible to ignore the fact that on the other hand– This is the manifestation of the female movement.It is not so important, representatives of what professions went to the streets with protests.After decades, we are only interested in the fact.

Yes, and if it concerned more communism, then March 8 would not be a public holiday in Azerbaijan, Angola, Belarus, Burkina Faso, Vietnam, Georgia, North Korea, Kazakhstan, Cambodia, Kyrgyzstan, China, Republic of Congo, Laos, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Nepal, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Russia, Uganda.

Detention of sofezhestok

What would neither was true The history of this day, March 8 has long become a symbol of beauty, tenderness, femininity and spring. However, dare to remind you that women deserve attention, care and romance daily, and more than once a year.

It would seem like a native and popular holiday, and how dark and confused his story. The question is not even why the Women's Day appeared (why not?). And the spring of the woman is definitely loved. But why exactly March 8?

Some of the "born in the USSR", probably, remembers the official Soviet version, where the American weavers and Clara Zetkin have invariably appeared. Like, on March 8, 1857, workers' clothing and shoe factors of New York went to the streets, demanding human working conditions, a 10-hour working day and equal to men salaries. However, more than half a century passed until the US Socialipury did not decide to celebrate the National Women's Day in ... Last Sunday of February.

An example of American socialists was soon supported by their German counterpart - not essential Clara Zetkin. At the end of August 1910, at the eighth Congress of the 2nd International, it was she who submitted to its European comrades an idea to establish a day of the struggle for women's rights. And the other Socialist - Elena Greenberg - offered the date. And again, it was not March 8, and on February 19, because it was on this day in 1848, the uprising of the Berlin workers forced the Prussian king to promise among other things and the selective right for women (promise, however, was immediately forgotten) ...

As a result, the Copenhagen women's conference in Copenhagen, at the proposal of Clara Zetkin, introduced the following resolution: "In complete agreement with the class-conscious political and trade union organizations, the proletariat in each country of socialist all countries annually conduct women's day, which first of all serves as agitation for providing Women of electoral law. This requirement should be put forward as an integral part of the whole female question in general and in full compliance with socialist views. Women's day should be universally administered internationally, and it should be carefully prepared everywhere. "

Soon holidays are established, but do not be done soon. If in 1911 Germany, Austria, Denmark and Switzerland did notice the Women's Day on February 19, then in 1913 the countries each country celebrated in what is much - who are 2, who are 9, who are on March 12. What in general is understandable - in those days it was not a holiday mimosis and gifts. And organize rallies and other political vehicles to a clear date did not always succeed.

For example, in Russia in 1913, the organizers of the holiday first submitted to the St. Petersburg Gradvnik about the organization "Scientific MORE on the female question". The authorities have determined for this on the second March, and in the building of Kalashnikovskaya Bread Exchange, there were discussions on such issues as the participation of women in the elections and the State Education of Motherhood (many times in Russia in Russia, the times of the reaction did not expect). In 1914, a number of countries celebrated the Women's Day more unanimously and just on March 8 (the reason for the banal was Sunday). Then the First World War began, and for some time they forgot about the tradition.

Most likely, they would not remember this date if on February 23, 1917, Russian women exhausted and hunger did not go to the streets of Petrograd with the slogans "Bread and the world!". The female demonstration turned out to be the phytyl, which fell a powder barrel. Workers of the Putilovsky plant joined women, an armed uprising began, and when the army passed on the side of the rebels, the days of the monarchy in Russia were considered. Resty women - terrible strength!

It was the February events that caused the name that in 1921 the 2nd Communist Women's Conference finally approved on March 8 in the USSR (on February 23, on the Stroma style - is not the funny coincidence, gentlemen men!) As an international female day. However, this date has long wore a purely political color and not even "red". Usually on this day, the power was reported to their achievements on the "female question", sometimes accompanying reports and economic incentives (so in March 1925 there were discounts for women in stores ... Kalosh!).

But only the Soviet power was worth it in 1965 to declare on March 8, wearing a day off, as the revolutionary and feministic spirit immediately began to disappear. The demonstrations were changed to feasts, transparencies - bouquets of flowers. Probably, along with the New Year, the Women's Day was the most infolitical Soviet holiday, and therefore one of the most beloved.

This did not prevent the Soviet Union to convince the UN in 1977 to legalize on March 8 as an "International Day for Women's Rights and International Peace". True, no special results brought this UN resolution - in the West on March 8, this holiday did not.

But in the post-Soviet space, the women's day successfully survived and after the collapse of the "Union Union" (he was stopped celebrating only in Georgia and the Baltic countries). True, in Uzbekistan he was renamed him on the mother's day, and in Azerbaijan transferred to April 7 and called the Day of Maternity and Beauty.
The "vitality" of the holiday is not surprising, because as a hundred years ago, women require the same thing - that we are men - more often showed their attention and care. And at least one day a year is the right to women guaranteed.

Happy holiday you, dear girls, girls, moms and grandmothers!

P.S.:
According to the media, two funny versions are often walking about the origin of the holiday on March 8. The first is about the spring celebrations of the ancient Roman matron in honor of the Vesta goddess - as clearly from the written above, to the Women's Day, which we celebrate, does not have anything to do - no direct or indirect.

The second is Andrei Kuraev, who belongs to Dyakonu - establishes on March 8 with the Jewish holiday Purim. Deakon writes that in 1910, Purim was celebrated from March 8, and the date of the female day was chosen "Jewish Zetkin" not by chance. This version also does not stand criticism.
First, in 1910, the Women's Day was not celebrated. Secondly, the date did not suggest Zetkin, but Elena Greenberg. Thirdly, and Elena, and Clara are purebred chims (surname Zetkin went to Clara from the Musha-Jew). Well, fourth, the date of Purima "floating" - and every year is celebrated in different days.

The representatives of the weaker sex with trepidation expect the most unusual day in the year - March 8. But why March 8 - Women's Day? After all, any other could probably become. With the history of this wonderful holiday, several important events are connected immediately. Everyone has the right to solve himself, which of the reasons is more weighty or take into account all of them. Perhaps life tried to repeatedly point to a particular aura of this particular, so that it was finally noticed and began to celebrate.

Some versions leave their roots in the distant past, while others took place relatively recently - just about a century ago.

Why exactly the eighth number of the first spring month?

There are 3 popular versions of the International Women's Holiday:

1. Female patience burst

Speeches of displeased women were repeatedly on this date. In New York in 1958, it was the 8th day of the first month of spring, a mass strike of women who hardly worked in factories producing clothing and textiles were held. They decided to seek to improve the working conditions and increase wages. After all, it is to work for 16 hours a day for a small payment, while giveing \u200b\u200bbirth and raise children, it became simply impossible to perform homework.

The rally with the participation of more than fifteen thousand women took place on March 8, 1908 again in New York. The main requirements remained the same: reducing the duration of the working day, improving the wage. But this time the protesters began to achieve the right to vote in the elections.

Clara Zetkin - the founder of the feast of women. A year later, the American Socialist Party approved a festive day, he was celebrated on the last Sunday of February. A little later in 1910, K. Zetkin - an active wrestler for the rights of women, offered in the second international conference of women socialist to establish an international women's day.

2. Communication with the Jewish holiday Purim

There are some Jewish echoes in the celebration. The girl Esphyri, a Jew in origin, became the wife of the Persian Tsar Assuir. At that time, Judea lived in the territory of the Persian kingdom, and they occupied not the last position in society. The approach of the ruler reported that the people feels too rapidly and plans to capture power. Then the king decided to destroy the Jews.

Learning about the plans of the spouse, Queen Esphyrus applied all her spells and managed to prevent the death of his people. Since then, Purim's holiday is celebrated on the border of winter and spring, his date changes depending on the date of Easter. Sometimes this day falls on March 8, perhaps it happened that year when K. Zetkin offered the celebration. After all, there is a version of the Jewish origin of the famous communist, which decided to perpetuate the female wisdom.

3. As a memory of the beginning of the revolution in Russia in 1917

Simple coincidence? In Russia on February 23 (or March 8, on another style), 1917, mass riots began, which served as the beginning of the February Revolution. The first to announce the strike of a textile factory workers in Petrograd. So women managed to show themselves here.

Stir with dates:

The first celebration in 1911 occurred on March 19th. This date in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Denmark was chosen in honor of the March 1948 World Revolution in Prussia.

The following year, the Women's Day was celebrated on the 12th.

In 1913 it turned out that women organized rallies in Russia and France on March 2, and all other countries are a ninth number.

The popularity of the "Red Calendar Date"

It is believed that the women's holiday came to the countries of the former USSR from the West. But, oddly enough, this "red date" is massively marked in the world only in the first ten years since its foundation.

On the territory of the post-Soviet space on March 8, it is still celebrated. But I purchased a little friend painting. Instead of political importance, this day was the date of the reverence of all representatives of the beautiful sex, regardless of age. A wonderful tradition has been preserved - congratulate all women, give flowers and gifts.

Communication with the Orthodox Church

It turns out that in the Orthodox calendar there is a day to celebrate women. He is celebrated two weeks after Easter, that is, through Sunday after her. It is referred to as Sunday of Saints Woman Mironos. This day is remembered both men and women. Rather, all those who dealt with the burial of Christ.

The ladies bloom and smell like the first spring flowers, when the surrounding male representatives give them love and attention. Modern society so deformed that the weak floor began to be not so. Women are now successful in everything. But still, they really want to be cute and weak creatures that can hide behind a strong male back. If you have more often to give a lady flowers, sink by compliments, then it will be infinitely happy. May March 8 be every day!

It is interesting:

Clara Zetkin did not assume that on the territory of the former USSR, the celebration of March 8 will acquire such a mass celebration with feasts, congratulations, flowers and gifts. After all, it was originally that this day was supposed to be used as a date in which women will carry out mass events. Thereby attract public attention to their problems in order to subsequent solutions.

It is believed that the February Revolution began on March 8. On this day, the royal family was arrested.

In Russia, or rather in the USSR, March 8 became the "Red Calendar Day" - festive and weekend in 1966.

The day falling on the modern date of March 8, in Babylona was considered the day of the Babylonian harbor.

Women's Day is also noted in many modern countries: Angola, China, Cambodia, North Korea, Congo, Nepal, as well as many republics of the former Soviets: Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan.

The UN since 1975, March 8 pleaded as an international women's day. A little later, the organization invited all countries to choose to establish such a day. And one could use any date, depending on the characteristics of customs and religion.

If children ask questions like: "Why is the moon visible during the day if her time is night?" Or "Why Thursday - Fisheries Day?", Before answering, it is better to take some time to prepare. Or read our articles.