We develop the baby from the first days of life: advice to parents. Educational games for babies from birth to year: a detailed description for each month Activities for children from birth

EXERCISES FOR DEVELOPING THE CHILD'S ABILITY TO HOLD THE HEAD

In the motor development of a child of the first year of life, the timely formation of the ability to hold the head is of crucial importance. If the child does not hold his head by two or three months, then a whole chain of unfavorable factors is formed: the development of visual perception and the vestibular apparatus is impaired, the ability to distribute muscle tone that provides an act of sitting is not developed. As a result, the whole scheme of motor development is distorted, which is intimately connected with intellectual development.

Therefore, exercises are offered that are specifically aimed at developing this ability of the child.

1. The child is lying on his stomach. Put your hand on the child’s chin and with your other hand touch the feet. In response, the child begins to push his legs and move forward.
2. The child is lying on his stomach. Put one hand under his chin, and the other under his stomach and slightly pull the child forward. The child will make crawling movements.
3. Place the child in an upright position. Hold his hips in weight while sitting, balancing so as not to upset his balance. The child will try to keep his head and body upright.
4. The position of the child lying on his back. Grasp the child’s hands and pull gently towards you. He will try to pull himself forward with his hands.
5. Grasp the baby’s stomach and hold it face down on the weight. The child will raise his head.
6. You also hold the child in weight, but in an inclined-lateral position, clasping either the right or left side. He will raise his head and straighten his legs.
7. Place the child on a support in an upright position. In response, he will straighten his legs, torso, raise his head. If you pull it slightly forward, it will make a step motion.

Repeat each of these exercises for 3-4 minutes, patiently wait for a response, do not try to help the child perform the necessary movements.

EXERCISES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SENSOMOTOR SPHERE OF THE CHILD OF THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

The development of the sensorimotor sphere in the first year of a child’s life is the main condition for the development of perception of the surrounding world.
The main task of sensorimotor development is to help the child increase motor activity, accumulate ideas about the color, shape, size of objects, etc.

You can deal with the child only when he is in a calm state, when he is full and nothing bothers him.

EXERCISE FOR VISUAL AND HEARING PERCEPTIONS (FOR CHILD OVER 7-10 DAYS)

Place a bright toy (ball, rattle, ring) on \u200b\u200ban outstretched hand in the field of vision of the child at a distance of 60-70 cm above his face and wait until the baby's gaze lingers on the toy. After that, begin to shake it to the right, then to the left with an amplitude of 5-7 cm and an oscillation frequency of approximately two times per second. In the future, move the toy in different directions (right, left, up, down), bringing it closer to the baby at a distance of 20-30 cm and removing it at a distance of an outstretched arm about 1.5 m from the child. The lesson lasts 1-2 minutes, repeated twice in a row, 1-2 times a day. A lesson is also held with a toy making a soft, soft sound.
HEARING ACTIVITY EXERCISE (FOR CHILD FROM 25 DAYS AND OLDER)

For this exercise, you need a small bell 5-7 cm high. The child lies on his back. You hold the bell on your outstretched hand (the child should not see you) and quietly ring the bell. Do 2-3 oscillatory movements and let the sound calm down. The child listens to the sound. Ring the bell again. Before calling, let the sound fade away. Keep the bell over the baby’s chest at a distance of 60-70 cm.

Then tie the bell to the fishing line and move it to the right, drowning out the sound. After moving the bell to a distance of 80-100 cm from the center, slightly ring it, causing the child to search for eye movements, turn the head in different directions. In the same way, move the bell to the left.

Classes are held 2-3 times a day for 3-4 days. Then it is better to take a break for a week, and in the future, you can conduct a lesson during the second and third months of life 1-2 times a week.
EXERCISES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HEARING AND MOTOR ACTIVITY OF A CHILD (FOR A CHILD OVER 1 MONTH)

Suspend a garland rattle at a distance of 60-70 cm. Attach to it with the help of tapes another rattle-garland at a distance of 7-10 cm from the child lying on the back. Attract the child’s attention to the toys by swaying them slightly. Catching the rattle, the child opens his eyes wide, calms down for a few seconds, and then joyfully throws his hands up, accidentally touching the low-hanging rattle. The upper rattle begins to sway, and the baby freezes again, examining it.

Then comes a new surge of motor activity, and the baby again comes up against the lower rattle with his hands, setting the upper one in motion. A child can play such a game for 5 minutes. After 2-3 days, swap the rattles. Do this exercise for one to two weeks.

EXERCISES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE VISUAL CONCENTRATION (FOR A CHILD FROM 1 MONTH AND OLDER)

As often as possible, gently talk with the child, trying in every possible way to draw his attention to himself, to cause a reciprocal smile. Dad holds the child in his arms in an upright position so that the baby looks over his shoulder. Mother, affectionately talking with the child, brings her face closer to him, trying to get into his field of vision. (The distance from which the child can see the adult’s face is 80-100 cm, at a closer distance, it is difficult for the baby to catch a glance at the face.) The child joyfully examines the adult’s face, smiles, and abounds.

Such a lesson can be carried out 2-3 times a day.

EXERCISES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SENSOMOTOR AND SPEECH SPHERES OF THE CHILD

In 2-3 months, stimulate the child to fix his gaze on moving and stationary objects, encourage him to focus on the subject for a longer time.

Take a bright ball in your hand when the child catches him looking, move the ball from left to right, up and down. At the same time, ask the baby: “Where is the ball? Look, there he is! ”

During this period, widely use toys that make various sounds. By moving sounding toys, attract the attention of the baby. Ring the toy on the left, right, top and bottom. Ask: “Where is ringing? Ding Ding! Where now?"
Give your child the opportunity to make as many groping movements with his hands. At the same time, the child must see the object that he is feeling. To do this, put an object in the child’s hand and draw his visual attention to this object. The shape, size, texture of such items should be varied, but convenient for grabbing.

Say the sounds that you have heard from the baby: “abu”, “agu”, “bubu”, “aaaaa”, “oooh”, “ha-ha”, etc.
   Encourage any desire of the child to move. Put a soft, beautiful toy on the side of the child so that it attracts his attention, and help the child reaching for her carefully roll over from his back to his stomach.
   To learn how to crawl, place the toy at such a distance from the child that he cannot grab it. Help the baby get closer to her by putting his palm to the soles of his feet so that he can rest and push off.
   Play hide and seek with your child. Throw a scarf over your head. Ask: “Where is mom? Where did mom hide? Find mom. ” Help the child, if he does not succeed, open yourself and be sure to praise. Now, throw a handkerchief over the child, as if he had hidden himself. “And where is Anyutochka? There is no Annie. Where did she run to? - Remove the scarf: - Ahh, that's where Anyutka is! ” Continue to play with the child until he is interested, coming up with different options for this game.
   Put the child on your lap and, leafing through a book with colorful images of animals, show and ask the child: “This is a pussy - meow, meow. Show me where the kitty is? This is a dog - av-av. Show me where the dog is? ” etc. Offer your child different books, consider pictures together, talk with him.
   From the second half of the year, giving the child various toys, at the same time call them (“Lyalya”, “BBC”, “Misha”).
   Try to stimulate the child’s objective and play activities as often as possible (tapping an object on an object, putting cubes out of a box, throwing an object, removing rings from a pyramid, shifting from one hand to another, etc.).
   Form the initial situational understanding of speech addressed to the child and submission to individual verbal instructions: “kiss mom”, “give the pen”, “say: goodbye”, “show how big you are.” How, for example, to develop the fulfillment of the request “give a pen”? You reach out to the child and ask for “give the handle”, at the same time take the child’s hand and put it in yours, gently stroking it, shaking it. Then release the child’s hand, again stretch yours and ask “give the handle”, slightly guiding the movement of the child’s hand. And so several times in a row, until the child himself on this instruction will not reach out.
   If you see that the baby is already making attempts to stand on his feet, holding on to the bed, hold the bright toy at such a distance that he can grab it only when he gets up.
Your child is already free, holding his hands on the support. Stimulate him to walk. To do this, attract him with gestures, toys or objects that attract him especially.
   Give your child multi-colored cubes (no more than 6 pieces). Show how you can put one cube on another and build a tower. Help the child, control his hands and gradually complicate the games, for example, you say: “First, give me a red dice, no, it's yellow, and this is red. Now green. Where is green? ” etc. Play with cubes of different sizes.
   In the process of bathing a child, play with him, for example, the following game: “Come on, Yulechka, wash the doll’s face. Where are her eyes? Where is her nose? Show me. Now let's wash her hands. Where are the doll's pens? Show ”etc.
   Play with your child in “Teremok”. To do this, you need to make a house of cardboard and 3-4 toys: a cockerel, a bunny, a dog, a cat. “Look, who lives in a small tower? Who, who lives in a low? Come on, whoever lives there. Ku-ka-re-ku! Who is it? The cockerel is a golden scallop. Here, pet him. Well, go back to the house, cockerel. Who, who else lives in a teremochka? Who is that gray? This is a bunny. The bunny rode back to his house. Who else lives there? Av-Av I am a dog. Av-Av What a good dog. Look, ran away, hid. But look, who is meowing there? Meow meow. Who is it? This is pussycat. Stroke kitty. Kitty ran away. Everyone hid in a house. Let's call them. Pull them with pens. That’s all come running. Cockerel, bunny, dog, kitty. ” When the child remembers the names of all animals, replace them with others.
PSYCHOMOTORIAL EXERCISES EXERCISES

For a child from 1.5 months, massage is a good exercise for the development of psychomotor. Massage must be done with warm hands, smeared with baby cream. With light strokes, you massage your child’s hands from the hand to the shoulder, then the body, chest from the middle to the sides, stomach, back from the neck to the buttocks. Then, with your fingers, gently pinch the buttocks, stroking the legs, starting from the foot. Rub the feet of the child from the fingers to the heel and back. It is good to do such a massage daily, before bathing the baby. The duration of the exercises is 5-6 minutes.
From four months, do special gymnastics with your child.

PEOPLE'S GAMES AND CARES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PSYCHOEMOTIONAL SPHERE OF THE CHILD 1 YEAR OF LIFE

Under the influence of various games and nursery rhymes, the baby learns to receive unconscious pleasure from the special rhythmic intonation that distinguishes the nursery rhyme from ordinary speech.

As long as the child is not one and a half years old, the maintenance does not have much significance. The action itself is important. Such small children value various sounds, phrases and rhythmic designs more.

Nurseries have a comprehensive developmental impact on the psychoemotional, speech, intellectual sphere of a small child. Here are some examples.

“There is a horned goat.”
Lean over the child, smile, catch his gaze and condemn:

There is a horned goat
There is a butted goat
Legs Top Top,
Eyes clap-clap:
“Who doesn’t eat porridge,
He doesn’t drink milk
I’m gored, gored, gored. ”

“Fight” the child with his fingers, shake him. Play this game more often and you will see that at first the child will smile, listening to your voice, then he will make joyful sounds and move his arms and legs briskly. Such a response indicates the development of positive emotions, visual and auditory perception.

“Okay, okay.”
Take the child in his arms and, clapping his hands, sentence:

Okay ladies!
Where were you? - By Grandma.
What did you eat? - Porridge.
What did you drink? - Mash.
They ate the porridge
They drank beer - Shu-oo-oo ... Flew!
They sat on the head.

With the last words, raise the child's handles to the head. Play this game at every opportunity. First, you make all the movements for the child, and then he can clap his hands and raise the handles to his head. Attention, memory, conceptual thinking, emotions develop.

The game “Forty-white-sided” well develops fine motor skills of the fingers, is an excellent incentive for speech development, gives the baby a joyful bodily contact with his mother. Do this exercise necessarily on the right and left hand. Very useful finger massage.

Even today, your child is an unconscious baby, but very soon an active one-year-old baby will run around the house. To know whether an infant acquires all the necessary skills on time, you need to track its development by months.

First year of life: baby development calendar

We present to your attention a detailed calendar of the development of the child from birth to his achievement. The period up to a year is that stage of life when the baby learns everything around, studies himself and others, therefore it is one of the most important stages of life. Therefore, we read carefully. But first, we want to show you a short video summary of the development of the child by month:

First month

Highlights of the development of the child of the second month of life:

reacts to sounds, turns his head towards its source;
examines his own palms and fingers, compresses them into fists and examines;
makes the first awkward attempts to reach the rattle;
newborn reflexes gradually fade away;
the child’s visual apparatus improves, from this age the baby begins to show interest in bright objects.

Weight gain (on average) by the end of the month - 800 g.
Growth increase - by 3 cm.

Third month

being raised to a vertical position and touching the feet of the surface, it tries to push off with its legs;
gulit and imitate sounds made by adults (“ma-ma”, “a-gu”);
reaches for toys, grabs them and pulls to his mouth;
enjoys playing with an adult; in case of termination of a game, may cry;
at 5 months, many children begin to teething the first teeth.

Weight gain (on average) by the end of the month - 700 g.
Growth increase - by 2 cm.

Sixth month

, by the end of the 6th month it can crawl 20-30 cm to the subject;
getting up on all fours, learns to swing back and forth, which helps to strengthen the skill of crawling;
in the game uses both handles, shifts toys from one hand to another;
plays on a developing rug with an unbreakable mirror, prefers musical toys;

Weight gain (on average) by the end of the month - 650 g.
Growth increase - by 2 cm.

Seventh month

reaches for an object or to mom with both hands;
sits with the help of an adult and;
trying to attract attention, shows interest in simple games (“cuckoo”, “goodies”);
actively singing sounds, there is a simple onomatopoeia of animal voices (“ha-ha”, “quack-quack”);
likes to flip books and look at vivid pictures.

Growth increase - by 2 cm.

Eighth month

The child behaves much more actively than in previous months. He can sit down and move around by crawling, gets up in the crib. The kid easily distinguishes his parents from strangers and can find their faces even in photographs. It shows a desire to independently hold a spoon when eating. He understands simple requests to show or bring some of his toys.

Physical development

He enjoys walking and takes steps near any available support. It sits independently, while crawling it can get up and swing on all fours.

Psychomotor development

He babbles, repeating the syllables “ma-ma-ma”, “ba-pa”, etc. Mastering the motion of farewell hand. He likes to play “cuckoo,” “goodies.” When asked, he tries to look with a look at a familiar object or person.

Highlights of the development of the child of the eighth month of life:

holding on to a support,;
easy to navigate and move from one place to another;
the child already likes to lie less, he tries to take an upright position at any opportunity;
babbles actively, vocabulary replenished with new sounds and simple words.

Weight gain (on average) by the end of the month - 550 g.

Ninth month

Standing on legs and trying to take the first uncertain steps, holding on to the support. He has not yet learned to fall to the floor without falling, so he can often fall. By the end of the month, the child will learn to better maintain balance and balance. The baby is already drinking well from a drinker with a spout and is learning to drink from an adult mug.

Physical development

The kid is actively starting to learn to walk independently. A nine-month-old baby sits down and stands on its feet, holding on to a support, without the help of an adult. Walks with support for both hands.

Psychomotor development

He begins to imitate himself, repeating the sounds and syllables that have arisen accidentally. Reacts to its own name. He plays the game, waves “bye-bye”.

Highlights of the development of the child of the ninth month of life:

sits from a supine / abdominal position on his own;
during crawling it can turn and move in any direction, and not just forward;
well remembers the names of surrounding objects and, upon request, shows them;
responds to the word “not”, understands the prohibitions;
babbles a lot in their own language, understandable only to loved ones.

Weight gain (on average) by the end of the month - 500 g.
Growth increase - by 1.5 cm.

Tenth month

The kid can keep his balance and even take several steps in a row until he is picked up by an adult. for 15-20 minutes to play continuously, get carried away with a pyramid or cubes. Can flip through the pages of books. Seeks to play with other children while away or on a walk.

Physical development

A ten-month-old baby, holding only one hand on a support, can take independent steps. Squats and stands up for any item at will. The main mode of transportation is no longer crawling, but walking.

Psychomotor development

Seeks to copy adult speech, listens to the conversation. Recognizes and finds familiar objects at the request of an adult (“give me a kiss,” “where is the ball?”)

Highlights of the development of the child of the tenth month of life:

can stand for several moments without support;
takes 2-3 steps forward without support;
crawls on hands and knees, holding body weight on them;
likes to scatter toys from the crib / playpen;
shows parts of the body on himself and on the adult.

Weight gain (on average) by the end of the month - 450 g.
Growth increase - by 1.5 cm.

Eleventh month

To everything that surrounds them. The child seeks to study the subject in a variety of ways - to shake it in the air, throw or hit the surface. He loves to play the game “hidden toy” and finds it with ease. In books, he looks at the correct picture when he hears the name of a certain subject.

Physical development

At 11 months, the child stands confidently without support. Actively learning to take the first step without support. Likes to move, dance to music, play with other children.

Psychomotor development

Pronounces conscious babbling words (“ma-ma”, “pa-pa”, “av-av”). Reacts to the word “not allowed”. Plays with a pyramid. Knows and shows parts of his body.

Highlights of the development of the child of the eleventh month of life:

actively moving (sits down, lays down, stands up independently);
not indifferent to praise, also understands strict speech;
can point a finger at the desired item;
new steps in communication with an adult: waving “hello” / “bye” with a pen, nodding affirmatively or negatively waving his head;
can independently take small pieces of food with fingers.

Weight gain (on average) by the end of the month - 400 g.
Growth increase - by 1.5 cm.

Twelfth month (1 year)

Like a little person. . In short, he is less worried in the presence of strangers, behaves aggressively, actively expresses his desires. Begins to demonstrate possessive tendencies in relation to mom or toys. The child’s vocabulary is growing very quickly, the baby understands all the speech addressed to him and tries to answer.

Physical development

A one-year-old child stands confidently and walks without support. The kid is active in combing, bathing, dressing. Tries to hold a spoon on its own, eat thick food from it; learning to drink from a mug.

Psychomotor development

Pronounces the first words, correlating them with actions - “give”, “bang”, “am-am”. Fulfills simple requests - “go to mom”, “give a cube”. He knows the purpose of simple objects (phone, comb, toothbrush).

Highlights of the development of the child of the twelfth month of life:

can pass without support and support a small distance;
bends and raises objects to the floor;
can step over an obstacle in the form of a threshold or a lying toy;
searches for a necessary item at will, even if he has not seen where they put it;
in simple words expresses his needs and desires. Calls mom and dad. Vocabulary for this age is 8-12 words.

Weight gain (average) by the end of the month - 600 g.
Growth increase - by 2-3 cm.

Useful Story on How to Care for Your Baby

Differences in the development of boys and girls

Pediatricians have long noticed that the development of newborn babies of different sexes has their own differences. And although each child is individual, some patterns exist. For instance:

- boys are born larger than girls in height and weight. So, in full-term male infants, the average growth at birth is 53-56 cm, while in girls only 49-52 cm;

- speaking about children's norms of general physical and mental growth, it was noted that the development of boys is slightly behind peers at the time of birth. But this difference is imperceptible, and is no more than 2-3 weeks;

- Representatives of the fair sex are smaller at birth, but later the physical development of girls accelerates. The bone skeleton in them is formed on average earlier than in boys.

Table with the growth and weight rates of children up to a year

Using the centile table, you can track the approximate norms of the monthly weight gain of the child, and how the increase in the length of the baby’s body should occur. The norms of height and weight of children are indicated within the minimum / maximum indicators, so they can be used as a guide.

The boys			Girls
Age	Height (cm)	Weight, kg)	Age	Height (cm)	Weight, kg)
1-2 months	52-60	3,5-5,8	1-2 months	51-59	3,1-5,2
3-4 months	59-66	5,1-7,4	3-4 months	57-64	4,6-7,1
5-7 months	61-71	6,2-9,7	5-7 months	61-69	6,1-8,7
8-10 months	68-75	8-11	8-10 months	66-73	7,3-10
10-12 months	71-78	8,8-12	10-12 months	69-76	7,6-11

Table of key moments of child development from 0 to 1 year

A brief overview in the table, which indicates the development of the child up to a year by months, will be an excellent “cheat sheet” for young mothers.

Age	Speech Development	Motor development	Mental development
1-1.5 months	Quiet walk	The first attempts to raise the head	Shortly watches the rattle
2 months	In a good mood, a little walk	Better coordinate movements	Holds a gaze on a moving subject
3 months	Long walk	Confidently holds his head	Turns to sound sources
4 months	First babble comes to replace walks	Keeps your eyes on moving objects	Distinguishes mom from outsiders
5 months	He babbles, pronounces the syllables “ma,” pa	Turns itself, crawls back	Guarded by the voices of others
6 months	Active babble reproduces simple syllables	Crawls “in a way”	Shows emotions of joy and discontent
Seven months	The babble, the appearance of the syllables “ta”, “na” “yes”, etc.	Sitting with support, crawling forward	Understands intonation, the word “no”
8 months	First monosyllables	Rises and moves at a support, sits independently	The range of emotions is expanding (surprise, perseverance)
9 months	Active babbling, new syllables	Stands and walks with support, crawls	Understands simple errands
10 months	Pronounces the simple words “la-la”, “av-av”	Sits down from a standing position, tries to walk	Repeats facial expressions of adults
11 months	Expresses desire - “on,” “give”	Picks up objects from the floor, gets up, crouches	Shows familiar objects, body parts upon request
12 months	He babbles a lot, consciously pronounces the words “mother”, “woman”	Actively moves, lays down, gets up, walks	Understands adult speech, responds to requests and prohibitions

Hello dear readers! You are a psychologist-defectologist Irina Ivanova. Today I want to tell you about how to develop a child up to a year by month. Recently, I had to attend a discussion that unfolded in the company of young modern women.

It was about popular now. All mothers spoke with enthusiasm about the achievements of their children. Someone leads them to an early development studio, of which a lot have now opened. Someone uses the technique at home, and their children already know the letters by the age of three or four and are almost ready to read books on their own.

There were even adherents of the now forgotten, but this did not become less valuable, education system for the Nikitin family, which was very popular at the end of the last century. Well, only those who are not interested in anything at all now use the benefits. But ... all this concerned kids older than one and a half to two years. But what about children who are less than a year old? Do they really need only healthy sleep and good nutrition?

One of the participants in the discussion, a girl working in a developing children's center as a psychologist, enlightened the audience on this subject. I want to introduce you to what she told us. Firstly, she brought us the authoritative opinion of many famous experts in the field of child psychology. It turns out that you should not place unjustified expectations on the artificial stimulation of development.

Each skill will come to the baby only when the psyche, brain cells and the whole body in its development rise to a certain level to master it. This is a genetically embedded property in humans. After all, you can not immediately sit on the twine, if you have never done gymnastics? Even if two hens are planted on one egg at once, the chicken will still hatch only on the 21st day.

Yes, you need to prepare the base for new skills. When the time comes, the grain will fall into the prepared soil, but it is unnecessary to force events excessively. As for infants up to a year, it is possible and necessary to develop them, but in accordance with the capabilities of the baby.

What to do with a baby

There are no words, it is very important that both “the ass was dry” and “the tummy worked like a clock”, but we must remember that every day of the baby’s life is priceless for its development. Here are some recommendations on how to develop your baby for months, what to play and do with it.

First month

No need to look after the child in complete silence. Talk to him in a calm, affectionate voice, and by the end of the month he will begin to hold his gaze on your face, and you will wait for the first precious smile - an invitation to further communication. Hang a bright rattle above the bed at a distance of 60 cm, let him try to focus his eyes on it. This is enough for the first time.

Second month

Take the baby more often in your arms, and he himself prefers this position. In this way the desire for knowledge is genetically embedded in a person. Moreover, when you hold the crumbs, do not try to argue with someone at this time or get angry. Only kind facial expressions, only calm and even tone of conversation. At this stage of development, the main thing is the satisfaction of the orienting reflex.

Third month

Lay the baby on the tummy, putting a bright object in front of it. Talk with him, respond to his humming: aaaa, gu-gu, boo-boo. Sing songs, turn on melodic music, do not leave crying in the bed for a long time in order to “accustom” yourself to occupy yourself. These are the prerequisites for future neurosis.

Fourth month

Decorate the interior as colorful as possible, in which the baby spends the most time - bright colors of fabrics, a carousel with melodious music, or moving modules will create the right mood, prepare for the development of forms and shades of color. Put rattles in his handle, hang them at the level of the hands, often change the position of the crumbs: either in the crib, in the arena, or in the arms.

Fifth month

This is a month of interest in toys. From this time on, the child can take them, grab them, pull them towards him. Now teach him to deal with them: knock, shift from pen to pen, carefully consider. Show him moving toys - jumping, spinning. The development of attention is the basis for future successful learning. Do not forget to answer the walk, which by the fifth month becomes active and very melodic. So you help develop speech, the foundations of which are being laid right now.

Sixth month

The child seeks to begin to crawl, and now we need to create conditions for this. It is better if it is a special playpen, but the part of the carpet covered with a thick blanket is also suitable. Spread toys in front of the baby lying on his tummy. He will reach for them and try to crawl, possibly on his tummy or on all fours.

The main educational games this month are all kinds of boxes and modules in which you can put and get items from them. It is advisable that they be equipped with lids that the baby really likes to open and close.

Seventh month

This is a period of intensive development of speech understanding. Talk with your crumbs, show objects of the world, toys, name them. This is how a passive vocabulary develops and the prerequisites for him to start talking. The best toys at the moment are a box or box with cubes and balls, small toys. Let the child get them out of there and put them back.

Very useful games with water while swimming, with floating objects in it. From this age, it is necessary to reasonably introduce the concepts of “possible” and “impossible”. Do not forget that indulging whims is the basis for the development of hysteria, and excessive rigor is the prerequisites for the education of either a rebel, or an indecisive person in the future.

Eighth month

Do not lay out many toys at once, it is better to periodically hide them and take them out in turn. In order to develop thinking, you need to play with them small scenes that are understandable to the baby. Let the dolls walk, eat, sleep, feed the cats and dogs. Accompany these performances with clear commentary and onomatopoeia. They will bring much more benefits for the development of intelligence and speech of children than the best educational cartoons.

Ninth month

Play hide and seek when you hide yourself, your baby or a toy under a scarf or diaper. In children at this age, modulated babble appears. Select syllables from it that are similar to the words of your native language, repeat them expressively several times. So you create the prerequisites for your baby to pronounce them.

Turn on the music to listen, let it be light melodies or children's songs. Standing on the floor or in the playpen, the children will dance under them. Play with toys together, show their capabilities, name the color and shape of objects, ask them to give you a certain thing. The tenacious memory of the crumbs will retain this knowledge, and soon he will operate with these concepts himself.

From 10 months to a year

During this period, you need to talk tirelessly with the child. Say anything, you can’t just be silent. Accompany your comments with comments, talk about what is happening in the house, what you see on a walk, outside the window.

All kinds of pyramids, inserts, games where you need to invest somewhere (such as a mailbox game), rings put on pins, nesting dolls, large puzzles made of plastic - this is the minimum set of educational games and toys. Give your baby a piece of thick paper and a soft pencil. He is already able to leave a mark on the sheet, draw a dash. Read books, play finger games, sing songs to him and tell nursery rhymes.

Educational games for children up to 1 year old. It’s never too early to develop! And when you consider that the brain is almost completed by the age of three, it’s also important not to miss the moment.

Each mother can arm herself with the described educational games for a child up to 1 year old and engage with her baby from the first months!

Finger games

Finger games are completely subject to the baby from 6 months. Teach him to clap his hands under your rhythmic verses:

Okay, okay, where were you? By Grandma. (clap your hands yourself)
What did you eat? Porridge. (grab the baby's handles and make them a couple of claps)
What did you drink? Mash ...

There are many variations on the theme of lozenges ("Ladushki-Ladushki, baked pancakes", for example). You will find more finger games in our thematic article devoted to them.

The most popular finger game, which develops fine motor skills and the most delicate tactile sensations, as well as a sense of rhythm, is about Magpie-white-sided.

To teach your baby the right actions, first demonstrate them in your palm. Here you cook porridge, here "feed" the chicks (bend your fingers). Soon the baby himself will want to bend your fingers, and then their learn how to handle pens!

What do you feel?

How to develop a child up to a year? It is important to pay attention to all the senses - and vision, and touch, and hearing, including music. Do not forget about the taste and olfactory sensations!

Already from the age of three months you can surround your child with a variety of whispers and little beasts. Anything you can extract sounds from will do!

Musical educational games for children up to 1 year old do not involve complex equipment. Scarcely able to master the xylophone (metallophone) and will be able to blow into the pipe. However drum and button piano available in the youngest months.

And most of all, kids love a variety of percussion: rattles, maracas, tambourines, tambourines, rattles ... You can buy special devices or make interesting things yourself.

DIY do-it-yourself maracas

Take an empty plastic bottle (300 ml), rinse thoroughly, wipe. Inside, place buckwheat, peas, beans, coins, wooden beads, plastic buttons or small pasta. Note that all these things sound differently - you can create an entire orchestra.

You can also tie or order a craftswoman with a baby toy. In addition to wooden beads, place on it a tied yellow container from a kinder surprise. Place a bells or peas inside the container: the baby will not only scratch the gums, but also make sounds!

Educational games for a child up to a year: in the sand and in the water

It is important for a kid to get acquainted with different environments - water, land, sand. In the summer it’s as simple as taking it: take the baby to the beach, put him on a warm sea sand, give him glasses, scoops, buckets ...

Don't want to play "by the rules"? Let it just mess around in the sand, passing it between the fingers and sprinkling it on clothes.

The same molds and watering cans can be used for games in an inflatable pool, bath or basin.

Let the baby splash joyfully, roll the ducks, splatter and put the handles under the tap. You can teach him to wash himself and wash his hands with soap. And this is an excellent hardening!

Home Educational Games for 1 Year Old Babies

It seems to many, that pyramids and cubes need to be bought after a year. But you do not believe and collect the development kit in advance.

Let it include a ball, a pyramid and several cubes (you can soft), a set of pictures with animals, plasticine and finger paints.

All babies develop in an individual rhythm. Someone already at 9 months with a screech fiddles with plasticine and smears finger paints on a Whatman paper, while others and at 4 years old are not hunters for these "dirty" activities.

The point is not even in skills, but in traction, in character, in preference. And they even have a one-year-old baby.

Your business is to offer. Unobtrusively, delicately. Take the cubes and collect the tall tower from them. You see, the child will immediately crawl and destroy it. Destruction is no less useful, interesting and informative business than creation.

The same thing with the pyramid. At first, the children only take them apart, removing one part after another. But this process also requires remarkable concentration from them!

Expanding horizons

What to do with a child up to a year? Vision, concentration, attention, recognition, memorization - all these qualities can be developed using books and cards.

Leafing through cardboard books, point your finger at certain animals. Describe them: "This is a dog, and she says woof," this is a chicken, it is yellow and small. "

If possible, show him the real objects seen earlier in the pictures. Explore the nursery, and then the whole house. “Here is the TV in the photo, and here is in our room.”

After a while, the child will easily answer your question “Where is the lamp?” By pointing a finger at the ceiling or at its image on the card.

Introduce the baby to his body, tell him where the pens are, where are the eyes, and where are the fingers. Show the same parts of the body on the example of animals, dolls, parents: “Here is the nose of the cat, and here is the father’s nose. Where's Vasenko’s nose? There he is".

Tactile games for children up to a year

Collect materials with a variety of textures. It can be: sandpaper, ribbed piece of metal, polished wood, shreds of velvet and silk ...

Invite the baby to touch each of them, explain what is smooth and what is rough, cold or warm, what is light and what is heavy.

For the development of fine motor skills, games with croup are good. Pour rice or peas into the container, and put animal figures, rattles at the bottom. Let the baby immerse his fingers in the container and try to grope and get "treasures".

Rice can also be colored with food colors in several colors and offered to mix them, drawing patterns with your finger.

Even a simple sprinkling of rice, beans and buttons is good for the baby. Don't scold him, if it is a little rubbish, and keep an eye out for anything from the “didactic materials” to be eaten.

And never insist. Remember that this is only a game - voluntary and fun!

Children really grow up very quickly. Just yesterday, when you brought a newborn baby from the maternity hospital, you did not think about the fact that today a small one-year-old man would run around your apartment. Of course, you are worried about the questions: is your child developing correctly, is he acquiring the necessary skills on time?

By tracking the development of a child months to a year and comparing it with the recommendations of pediatricians, neurologists and psychologists, you will not miss anything and can detect and correct possible deviations in time.

A table indicating the time of the appearance of this or that skill will be interesting not only to you, but also to your older child in the future.

First month

The first month of a newborn’s life is also called an adaptation period. The child learns to live outside the familiar environment - a warm maternal tummy. At this time, baby:

sleeps a lot - up to 20 hours a day,
eats a lot (read more about this in the article breastfeeding \u003e\u003e\u003e).

The task of the next of kin is to place the child in comfortable conditions: do not overheat and do not overcool. About this in the article the temperature in the room for the newborn \u003e\u003e\u003e, change diapers and feed on time.

Of course, it is important to give the crumbs your love: carry on handles, talk, sing songs.

By the age of one month, the child is already paying attention to bright toys and can follow them with his eyes and turning his head. The article contains information about when a newborn begins to see \u003e\u003e\u003e The first color that newborns see is red.

On a note! Such an exercise will be very useful: take a bright, preferably red, toy, and drive 30 cm from the child’s face from left to right, from bottom to top. A monthly baby can already follow the movements of the toy.

In a month, the child already turns the head on the sound. Find out when the newborn begins to hear \u003e\u003e\u003e You can check it by rattling the rattle to the left and right of the baby.

In the first month of life, the child retains some congenital reflexes of the newborn, which will completely disappear by the fourth month of life:

sucking reflex (can suck objects caught in the mouth);
swimming (if you lower the baby into the water belly down, the child will make movements resembling swimming);
grasping (if you touch your palm, the child will clench his fist);
search reflex (if you touch the cheek, looking for the mother’s chest);
reflex of steps - if you put the child on his feet (while holding), he can "walk".

If you put the child on his stomach, he will try to slightly raise the head; trains his neck, back and shoulders.

Physically developed children by the age of one month already begin to hold their heads.

And also in my video tutorial:

Second month

The second month of the child’s development is sometimes called the “month of revitalization”. Your baby is now sleeping less, can stay awake for up to 50 minutes.

The child's vision and hearing improve, the baby is able to examine objects from a distance of 30 centimeters to half a meter. A baby can spend about 15 minutes in his crib, looking at a mobile or other toys.

At the age of two months, the children already raise the head and for some time hold it in an upright position.
Some babies already know how to roll over from a barrel to their backs. Read more about when a child begins to roll over \u003e\u003e\u003e
The child studies his handles - he can bring his fists to his mouth and suck them;
Infant reflexes still persist, but gradually begin to fade;
The emotional sphere is also developing. In two months, the so-called “revitalization complex” is formed. This skill takes pride of place in the child's development chart; this is one of the most important milestones up to a year, confirming the normal functioning of the nervous system;
The kid can already recognize his parents, enjoys him. When you bend over the crib, the baby starts to pull its arms and legs quickly and quickly;
In the second month of life, your child is likely to give you his first conscious smile. If this does not happen, that's okay; then this joyful event will happen a little later. Find out when the baby begins to smile \u003e\u003e\u003e
At two months, the child knows how to walk - it makes singing vowels, sometimes it can even say “aha”, “aha”, “abu”. Children like their own “speech”, they listen to it with pleasure. The article contains information about when the baby begins to aguy \u003e\u003e\u003e

Communicate with your child more often, sing to him, you will see that the baby will sing along to you!

Read more about this age in the article that a child should be able to be 2 months old \u003e\u003e\u003e, and, of course, see in my video tutorial:

Third month

Over the course of a month, your baby’s physical, mental, emotional skills continue to improve.

The child is able to keep his head better and better;
Being on his stomach, the baby rises on his forearms and can look around;
By the third month of life, the fists straighten out, the baby already knows how to take a rattle, reaches for objects of interest to him;
Kids continue to study their pens; by the end of the month, the most active of them are already grabbing their knees (the first stage in the study of their own legs);
Everything that falls into the hands of a child is in his mouth;

Interesting! The fact is that the mucous membrane of the mouth and tongue are much more sensitive than the fingers. Children study surrounding objects with the help of a mouth.

The third month of child development is characterized by an expansion of the emotional spectrum.

Some kids already know how to laugh, others just start to smile;
The child carefully monitors the expression of the faces of loved ones and can already “read” their mood and imitate their facial expressions;
The development of the baby’s speech continues. The baby can walk for a long time and with pleasure, increasingly pronouncing not only melodic vowels, but also syllables.

The article contains important information about what a child should be able to do at 3 months \u003e\u003e\u003e

Fourth month

The fourth month of the child’s development is characterized by rapid changes both physiologically and psychologically:

The baby’s head is already holding confidently: both when it is held in a “column” and when it lies on its stomach; can rotate it, following objects or reacting to a sound;
The baby knows how to climb to his elbows, lying on his stomach. Some kids are already leaning on their straightened arms;
From three to four months old, your child learns to roll over on his own - both from the abdomen to the back and from the back to the tummy. The most active kids are already able to move around the room with rifts, or even crawl in a plastusky way! Interesting information about when the baby begins to crawl \u003e\u003e\u003e

Important! Remember that leaving a child in an adult bed is already unsafe. Better move him to the floor, from there he can not fall and get more space for his training.

4 months is the age of deliberate manipulations with objects. A kid can take a rattle himself and play with it;
The child knows how to distinguish his loved ones;
At this age, the fear of losing a mother is strong, so the baby often does not let her go for a second. Pay more attention to him and wait, this period will soon pass;
At four months old, the baby already has his favorite toys, may be interested in reflection in the mirror, carefully listens to various sounds: rattle knock, ring the bell, voices, music;
The child's speech development is laid in the first year of life. At 4 months, walks are replaced by babbling: distinct syllables “ba”, “ma”, “gu” appear.

Fifth month

IN fifth month in his life, a child hones his physical skills:

can confidently flip in different directions;
lying on his stomach, rises on his elbows or palms;
takes the pose of "preparing for sitting": reclining on the thigh, resting on one of the handles;
trying to reach a subject of interest;
can stand if supported by the armpits;
grabs himself by the feet, pulls them into his mouth, licks.

In the fifth month of the development of the child, he has an important social skill: he begins to separate his own from strangers. The kid happily sits on the hands of his parents, but can frown or even cry if he is contacted or another person tries to take him.

At 5 months, the child knows how to play with various objects: take them in pens, throw, knock, lick, etc. In the fifth month of life, the baby may be interested in a picture book. Kids love to look at faces, especially with different expressions. Interested in color magazines.

Tell what is shown on the pages, read simple rhymes. So you will not only take your child for a long time, but also contribute to the development of the baby's speech.

At this age, it is already possible to teach a child simple words: “mother”, “father”, “woman”. Some babies at the age of five months already repeat them.

At 5 months, babies in full express their joy with a smile, know how to laugh loudly, angry and sad; continue to master the full range of emotions. If he lacks adult attention, the child may be capricious.

Sixth month

The sixth month of the child’s development is the next time the usual lifestyle changes:

It was at this time that the children began to crawl in a plastubsky way, and mothers had to remove many objects from their reach;
At six months, the baby can already be briefly put in a reclining position. Children do not know how to sit down on their own. Learn from the article, and when does the child begin to sit? \u003e\u003e\u003e
Half-year-old babies, lying on their tummy, try to kneel down - this is an important stage of preparation for both sitting and crawling. If the child succeeds, after a while he begins to swing in this position. Such movements are completely normal and indicate the development of the baby;
The child confidently holds various objects, can take them with any pen, shift from hand to hand;
6 months is the age of studying the surrounding space. A child sends everything that he can reach into his mouth, he can break toys;
At six months, the first household skills are formed: with the beginning of feeding, children will learn what a spoon is; Learn to drink from a cup held by an adult. Details of the introduction of complementary foods and nutrition \u003e\u003e\u003e
Development gains the intellect of the child. At 6 months, babies begin to understand the consequences of their actions: if you roll a die, it will fall, if you press a button, a squeak will sound;
The formation of speech continues. At the age of six months, children confidently pronounce syllables, master the first consonants: “s”, “s”, “f”.

Seventh month

A seven-month-old baby is becoming more active:

Children confidently crawl in a plastusky way, someone already knows how to move on all fours.

If your child is crawling backwards, there is nothing to worry about; soon the child will figure out how to control his own body.

At seven months, babies can sit with their backs for a while. Particularly active people are able to stand at the support, try to stand up on their own. Read to find out when a child begins to walk \u003e\u003e\u003e
There is a development of fine motor skills: the child knows how to hold an object in each hand, bang them against each other, randomly take, put, throw toys.

Important! Make sure that all the small parts of the toys are firmly fixed, as seven-month-old babies are pulled in their mouths.

The seventh month of the child's development is the time when it is necessary to stimulate the cognitive interest of the crumbs. Tell him about the objects that surround him, show and name the main parts of his body.
At seven months, babies can already show objects at the request of their parents (“Where are the eyes?”, “Where is the watch?”).
Improving household skills. Now, during feeding, the baby removes food from a spoon, continues to master drinking from a mug. Some children already drink from a non-spill cup or from a straw.

Seven-month-old babies begin to imitate adults, which is what facilitates the introduction of complementary foods.

At this age, the child mimics the sounds that animals make; he knows how to say "Av-Av", "Me-me." Pronounces many syllables.

On a note! To activate the speech center, develop the baby's fine motor skills. To do this, toys with large wooden beads of various colors and shapes strung on a rope are suitable.

Eighth month

The eighth month of child development is marked by persistent attempts to stand up.

The baby crawls to any support and tries to give the body a vertical position. So far, not all children have succeeded in this maneuver. If you put the child next to the support, he will stand;
The most active children already know how to walk along the support, and also sort out their legs when an adult holds them by both hands or armpits;
An eight-month-old child knows how to crawl on all fours, studies the room where he lives, knows the location of the rooms, and moves around the apartment;
The child knows how to sit, sits down himself from the position of "standing on all fours";
The games of the little man are becoming more meaningful. The baby knows how to put toys in a box or some container. Some children can already put on the rings on the base of the pyramid and take them off, trying to put the glasses in one another.

At this time, your child may want to eat a spoon on his own. This desire needs to be encouraged, then later on you will not have to instill this skill in the child.

The child has already mastered simple games: “cuckoo” (hiding behind his hands, hiding his mother’s face on his chest or, for example, in a blanket on the bed), “little ladies” (clapping his hands), showing “flashlights”. He listens to music with pleasure, can “sing along” and even dance, especially if he saw his parents doing it;
The child understands simple requests: bring a toy, show a chandelier. Many children are already able to show some parts of their body;
Speech is constantly being improved. The baby is trying to repeat the words for adults, new syllables are obtained. Perhaps right now the baby will utter her first meaningful word.

Ninth month

The nine-month-old baby continues his attempts to stand up;
He is already more confidently getting up and standing at the support, moving along sofas, beds, in the playpen;
While crawling, it can turn around and crawl in the opposite direction. Is able to sit down from a lying position and get up from a sitting position;

Important! At this time, the child is trying to climb into a chair, sofa, independently get out of there. Parents should be on the alert all the time to prevent dangerous falls.

The baby is trying to reach everything that he sees. If it does not work out, he can express his dissatisfaction with a cry. It is at nine months old that the child actively shows his character. It may begin to resist dressing and hygienic procedures, even if before it endured all meekly. The child is afraid of losing his mother and does not even want to briefly let her out of sight.

In the ninth month of child development, new skills arise:

The baby learns to wrinkle and tear paper, leaf through books;
You can give the child plasticine, just make sure that he does not eat it. Kneading plasticine will strengthen the brush, develop fine motor skills. In addition, the children really like this lesson;
Vocabulary of crumbs is constantly updated. Children quickly remember the names of all the objects that adults show them, they also know the meanings of the words “give”, “bring”, “put”, “eat”, “cannot”, etc.

Tenth month

In the tenth month of the child's development, his skills continue to improve. The little man can already stand up and stand without support, trying to walk. Able to sit from a standing position. Agilely creeps across the apartment.

At this age, children's games improve:

Thanks to the active development of fine motor skills, a child can already hold from two to three small objects in one hand. At 10 months, the baby has a leading hand;
Children understand how to play toys: they know how to roll a toy car, assemble and disassemble a pyramid (rings are put out of order so far). They know how to play with a tumbler, they know how to build a tower of two dice;
A child may be involved in a game with children if adults show him how to do it;
Kids love to put cups in each other;
They know how to roll, throw a ball;
Open, close the cabinet doors, push and pull drawers. They can put the toy in a closet or drawer;
They shift small objects into different boxes and containers;
They begin to combine objects, for example, push a ball with a wand;
Enjoy playing with food and water;
They begin to become interested in designers of large parts, but they have not yet assembled them, but dismantled them;
They are able to turn the pages of cardboard books.

Ten-month-old kids love to imitate adults, copy their facial expressions. Use this interest of the little man, saying new simple words with him. The baby will repeat them after you.

At 10 months, children well remember the names of animals, parody the sounds they utter.

The child can respond to a simple request: show, hide, bring. Children already know the names of body parts, show eyes, nose. They know how to generalize concepts: for example, they show pens at home, at the doll, at dad, at the girl in the picture.

Eleventh month

At eleven months old, your baby is strong enough to start taking the first steps without support. A child can walk a short distance from one adult to another, or from a support to his mother. The baby actively moves in any room: crawls, sits up, gets up, walks with support.
Self-service skills continue to develop. A man tries to eat with a spoon, drink from a cup, tries to put on or take off his clothes. You can take crumbs for a long time if you offer him a drawer with clothes. The independence of the child must be encouraged, especially as children at this age adore when they are praised.
The eleventh month of child development is the time of the first meaningful dialogues. Tiny perfectly understands the meaning of the words “yes”, “no”, “impossible” (learn from the article how to explain to the child what is impossible \u003e\u003e\u003e); He can nod positively and negatively shake his head.
In addition, the baby looks and points a finger at an object of interest. Thus, the baby communicates with adults, parents and the child begin to better understand each other. The number of pronounced syllables is growing. At this time, two or three clearly pronounced words may appear in the baby’s speech (most often it is “mother”, “father”, “woman” and some kind of onomatopoeia, for example, “av”).
Eleven-month-olds begin to learn polite communication skills: they easily remember the greetings of “hello” and “bye”, they willingly wave their hand.

On a note! Although for them this is still a game, it is recommended that parents always ask their child to say hello and say goodbye in order to consolidate this positive habit.

At 11 months, babies are very excitable, easily move from laughter to crying. They are guarded in an unfamiliar place, they are scared when a new person appears. These manifestations indicate the normal development of the psyche of the child and should not upset the parents.

Twelfth month

The twelfth month of the development of the child is a kind of transitional period from infancy to childhood. Although this border is very arbitrary, psychologically parents expect much more from a one-year-old child than from an eleven-month-old.

In a year, the baby most often begins to walk.

Do not worry if your child does not; children have the right to crawl up to one and a half years, and this is not considered a pathology.

A little man at this age already knows how to crouch in order to raise a toy; can put one item and take another. Children know very well where what lies, and will look for a toy exactly where they left it;
Kids learn to step over obstacles: first holding the hand of an adult, and then independently;
Household skills develop: the child eats with a spoon, drinks from a cup, puts on and takes off hats and socks;
If the baby was accustomed to the potty, in a year such children can already ask for it. Information about the age at which to accustom a child to a pot \u003e\u003e\u003e In one year, a child eats food in pieces, can chew. If chewing teeth have not yet grown, children chew gums (they are quite hard);
A one-year-old child understands everything that is said to him, even if it seems to parents that this is not so. He perfectly knows how to read the mood and succumbs to it: having fun and sadness with his mother. Psychologists really do not recommend sorting out relationships and quarreling with a child. Since the baby still does not know how to cope with his emotions, this can cause him severe injury.

Kroha not only understands everything that is told to him, but he also babbles a lot and pronounces individual words.

Important! Words at this age, teachers consider all stable sound combinations, which always mean the same thing.

Vocabulary for a year - from two to ten words; in some children, it may be even larger.

At the twelfth month of life, the child’s games become more complicated. The kid highlights some toys, can feed them, rock them, plant them on a pot.

What did the baby learn in the first year of life?

The calendar of the development of a child from birth to one year is filled with many events. By the age of one, the baby can roll over, crawl, sit, stand, walk. The child crawls on beds, sofas, gets off them.

Children know how to eat with a spoon, put on and take off a hat and socks, ask for a pot.

The little man mastered the game: throws and rolls balls, cars, rocking dolls. He plays cubes, collects a pyramid.

The child is very emotional, knows how to smile and laugh, get angry, sad. Recognizes parents, prefers their company to other people's company.

When wondering about the development of crumbs, do not forget that each person is individual, even if he is only a few months old. If your child is not able to do something, this is not a cause for concern; he will certainly acquire this skill later.

The most important thing is to surround the baby with care and love, spend a lot of time with him, talk with him. Then there will be returns, and very soon the child will begin to delight parents with more and more new skills.