Hair washing technique. Hair care

Washing your hair in hairdressers is done in two ways: tilting your head forward or backward.

When washing your hair while bending forward, no special equipment is required - the client tilts his head over the sink. It is necessary to protect your eyes with a napkin to prevent various chemicals from getting into them, as well as to protect colored eyebrows and eyelashes from water. This method of washing hair is more often used in men's salons, as well as in those hairdressing salons where there are no special devices for washing hair using the second method.

When using the second method, a special device (wing) or a sink with a recess is used. A recess in the fender or shell makes it possible to press your neck tightly against it so that water or hair treatment compounds do not get on your clothes. This method is now used more often.

There are three types of hair washing: 1) soap or shampoo, 2) henna and 3) emulsion with lecithin.

Washing your hair with soap or shampoo can be either an independent operation or an integral part of washing your hair with henna and emulsion with lecithin.

Before you start washing your hair, you need to prepare soap or shampoo, citric or acetic acid, and if there is no hot water supply, heat the water to the desired temperature. The most favorable water temperature for washing your hair is 34–45 °C.

The client is covered with a towel, wrapping it tightly around the neck, after which the hair is thoroughly combed. Combing your hair before washing ensures a more even distribution of detergents over the entire surface of the hair and scalp and makes it easier to comb your hair after washing.

Hair swollen from water and detergents loses almost half of its strength to mechanical stress. Therefore, such hair requires more careful handling. It is especially important to remember this when treating hair that is naturally weak, since it can be easily damaged after washing.

Hair that is well combed before washing is easy to comb after this procedure. Before washing your hair, you can comb your hair with any comb, while after washing you should use only a non-metallic one, since a metal comb is easier to damage hair weakened by washing.

After thoroughly combing the hair, the master presses the visitor’s neck tightly against the cutout of a special device (when washing the hair using the second method) or tilts the head forward over the sink (when washing the first method), having previously covered the face with a sterile napkin. The hair is moistened with water, after which liquid soap or shampoo is applied. It should be borne in mind that cold liquid soap or shampoo causes discomfort, so it is better to apply detergent to your hair from the palm of your hand.

When using concentrated shampoos, before applying to the hair (or in advance), they are diluted in 8-10 parts of warm water. Using concentrated shampoos without first diluting them in water can lead to seborrhea on the scalp. When applying detergents to your head, you should distribute them evenly over the entire surface. head light rubbing in a circular manner with your fingertips, trying to cover as much of the hair as possible with your fingers.

When soap foam appears, the hair is rinsed with water and the soaping operation is repeated, since after the first soaping only the bulk of the contaminants are removed from the hair and scalp. If there is too much dust and other mechanical impurities on the hair or an excessive amount of fat, the first time you apply detergent to your hair, you will not be able to get a rich foam. In this case it is necessary to apply cleaning composition twice to remove the main contaminants and get a good stable foam. The formation of abundant foam is a sign that the hair is clean.

Usually, to wash your hair well, it is enough to soap it twice. In rare cases, there is a need for a third soaping. Soap scum is removed by thoroughly rinsing the hair with water. For one washing operation in the women's room, 20–25 ml is required liquid soap, in men’s – 8-10 ml.

Further hair treatment depends on what operation follows shampooing and what detergent was used. After washing with liquid soap, you need to rinse your hair with acidified water. This procedure is necessary to neutralize the alkali present in the soap, as well as to add shine to the hair.

The shine of hair depends on the condition of its outer scaly layer. The more tightly the scales are pressed together, the better the hair shines. When the alkali present in soap is neutralized with a weak acid solution, the outer scaly layer of the hair thickens. Therefore, if, after washing your hair, hair treatment operations involving the use of preparations (for curling or coloring) will be performed, then you should not rinse them with acidified water, since this procedure will strengthen the hair and the effect of the compositions on it will be difficult.

Thus, rinsing the hair with acidified water after washing it not only neutralizes the alkali, but also strengthens the hair structure, as well as giving it a beautiful appearance.

If you use alkali-free shampoos for washing your hair, there is no need to neutralize the alkali, so you should not rinse your hair with acidified water.

Neutralization of alkali with a solution of citric or acetic acid is carried out as follows: two to three tablespoons of 8% vinegar or 2 g citric acid bred in

1 liter of warm water and rinse the hair on all parts of the head with this solution.

The frequency of washing your hair depends on the condition of your hair and whether your scalp is oily or dry. In normal hair and skin condition, your hair should be washed every 6–7 days, if very oily skin this interval can be reduced to 3–4 days; if dry, on the contrary, it can be increased to 8–10 days.

Using henna when washing your hair has a positive effect on hair growth, cleanses the scalp of dandruff and gives light-colored hair lightness. golden shades. Therefore, washing hair with henna is quite widely used in hairdressing practice. To wash your hair, you need to prepare a henna solution: 5–6 g of powder is needed for one operation. Henna is produced in bags of 25 g. Pour approximately a quarter of the bag into an enamel or porcelain bowl, mix the powder well and crush the lumps. Carefully pour 100 ml of hot water at a temperature of 80–85 °C into a bowl with powder, constantly stirring the liquid with a non-metallic stick. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that no lumps form. As soon as the mass becomes homogeneous, you can stop stirring. The client is covered with a peignoir and a plastic cape, over which a towel is placed. It will retain the henna solution flowing down the plastic cape.

The client then washes his hair with soap or shampoo. After you finish washing your hair, you need to lightly squeeze your hair with your hands to remove excess water from it. Now you can start wetting your hair with the prepared henna solution. During the time it takes to wash your hair, the henna solution has time to cool down by 38–45 °C.

It is better to wet your hair with henna solution using a special device (wing). To do this, it is necessary to slightly lift the client's head from the wing, leaving the neck tightly pressed against the cutout in it to avoid possible flow of henna onto the clothes. First, the back of the head is moistened with henna, including the hair along the line of its growth on the neck, and then, placing the head on the wing, the hair covering the remaining areas of the head. After moistening all your hair with henna, you need to lightly massage your scalp with your fingertips. The henna exposure time on the hair is 5-15 minutes. After this, you need to rinse your hair with warm water without soap, dry with a towel and comb.

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Washing your hair is necessary to remove the oil produced by the sebaceous glands of the scalp. If you do not wash your hair regularly, the sweat and oil released mix with skin flakes and dirt, creating a fertile ground for pathogenic bacteria, which leads to skin diseases.

Hygienic washing hair is performed before all types of work hairdresser, except for dyeing hair with dyes of the 1st and 2nd groups (contain hydrogen peroxide). Wet hair is more elastic and easily take on one form or another, stretch out strongly And don't break.

Hygienic washing is performed in 2 ways:

When washing your hair with tilting your head back(there must be a special sink with a recess);

When washing your hair with head tilt forward.

There are 3 types of washing:

- hygienic– washing hair using shampoo or liquid soap;

- medicinal– washing hair with the use of medicinal preparations;

- dry– hair is washed with dry shampoo produced in aerosols (flour, starch), or with alcohol (on a comb with cotton wool).

Hair washing is performed for the following purposes:

- hygienic washing– removal of dirt from hair, fat – secreted by the sebaceous glands (since fat covers the scaly layer of hair with a thin coating, closes pores and inhibits the penetration of coloring, curling and styling products into the hair), degreasing hair can be considered not only hygienic, but also preparatory operation;

- strain washing– removing traces of previous styling or a certain shape from hats, and therefore, to eliminate such defects, the hair must first be washed and combed;

- preparatory wash– loosening of the outer scaly layer of hair when exposed to detergents, facilitating their rapid and unhindered interaction with other chemicals.

Hygienic washing using shampoo: the most common type of washing. Water has cleansing properties, and shampoo is only necessary for its effectiveness. The shampoo contains substances that can cleanse hair of dirt, grease and styling products.

Sebum secreted by the sebaceous glands does not dissolve in water. But under the influence of shampoo, the fat coagulates into tiny droplets. To get a good result after washing your hair It is very important to choose the right shampoo and prepare the water.

1) Water preparation: Depending on the type and amount of inorganic compounds, water can be soft or hard.

In soft water contains a small amount of inorganic compounds, therefore It lathers shampoo very well.

In hard water, on the contrary, there are many inorganic compounds, therefore shampoo soapiness decreases. Hard water can be softened by adding borax or soda.

Favorable temperature for washing hair is 34 – 39 o C.

2) Choosing shampoo: When choosing a shampoo, you need to correctly determine your hair type.

For many years, soap remained the main cleansing ingredient in shampoos. But it had a number of disadvantages, such as poor foaming in hard water and the formation of a matte coating on the hair. As a result, instead of soap, surfactants began to be used in shampoos, which produce abundant foam in water of any hardness and are easily removed when rinsing, without leaving a dull residue on the hair.

The main purpose of shampoos is to remove impurities from the hair and scalp. It should be noted that most modern shampoos contain certain conditioning additives.

Modern developments of new shampoos take into account the fact that hair is washed much more often today than several years ago; this stimulates the development of mild shampoos with a pH close to that of the scalp and hair (5.5 – 6.0).

To keep your hair shiny and undamaged, you need to be very careful when choosing a shampoo, especially when frequent washing hair. It is very important to choose a shampoo with the necessary pH level, which characterizes acid-base environment cosmetic product.

The pH scale runs from 1 to 14, with a pH of 7 considered neutral (neither alkaline nor acidic). A pH level above 7 indicates that the product is alkaline. The lower the pH number, the higher the acidity of the product. Most shampoos are neutral or match the skin or hair pH of 5.5. Such shampoos are more preferable for washing.

According to purpose, several can be distinguished types of shampoos:

- ordinary– most often require the use of other cosmetics, as a rule, these are detergents for various hair types (dry, oily, normal);

- special– usually mild in action, they can be used every day, they improve the appearance of the hair, do not irritate the scalp, so they have a neutral pH level, give the hair shine and silkiness;

- medicinal– designed for particularly sensitive and damaged hair and hair with dandruff, special medicinal preparations are injected into them;

- special purpose– used before or after perm or hair coloring, they neutralize the remaining oxidizer, strengthen the hair and give it strength, close the cuticle scales, and preserve the color of dyed hair.

All shampoos can be divided into liquid And concentrated. All concentrated shampoos must be diluted with water in a 1:1 ratio before use.

have beautiful and healthy hair- not only the natural desire of every person, but also a requirement modern fashion. Hair can be thick or thin, thin or elastic, wavy or straight. But they must be clean and well-groomed. Proper hair washing helps achieve this.

Hair washing is used in hairdressing salons for almost any service. If you do not wash your hair regularly, the sweat and oil released mix with skin flakes and dirt, creating a fertile ground for pathogenic bacteria, which can lead to various skin diseases. All types of hairdressing work, with the exception of hair coloring with dyes containing hydrogen peroxide, are performed on clean, freshly washed hair. Wet hair is more elastic, easily takes on one shape or another, stretches strongly and does not break.

Washing your hair has three purposes:

hygienic - removing contamination from the surface of hair and skin;
deformation - removing traces of the previous hairstyle;
preparatory - softening the outer scaly layer of hair.

Washing your hair in hairdressing salons can be done in two ways - with your head tilted forward and with your head tilted back. In modern salons and hairdressing salons, the second method is used more often.

When washing with head tilt forward no special equipment is required - the client tilts his head over the sink. The head is washed with shampoo, choosing the most suitable one for this purpose. of this type hair.

When using the second method with tilting your head back a special sink with a recess is used. The recess in the sink makes it possible to press the client's neck tightly against it so that water or hair treatment compounds do not get on clothes.

Depending on the type and amount of inorganic compounds, water can be soft or hard. Soft water contains a small amount of inorganic compounds (in particular, calcium salts), so shampoo lathers very well in it. Hard water contains a lot of inorganic compounds, so the amount of shampoo foam decreases. Hard water can be softened by adding baking soda. Favorable temperature for washing hair is 34 - 39°C.

Choosing a shampoo. When choosing a shampoo, you need to correctly determine your hair type. For many years, soap remained the main cleansing ingredient in shampoos. But it had a number of disadvantages, such as poor foaming in hard water and the formation of a matte coating on the hair. As a result, instead of soap, surfactants began to be used in shampoos, which produce abundant foam in water of any hardness and are easily removed when rinsing, without leaving a dull residue on the hair.

The ongoing search for new hair care products over the past decade has led to significant improvements in their quality. The main purpose of shampoos is to remove impurities from the hair and scalp. It should be noted that most modern shampoos contain certain conditioning additives.

Depending on their purpose, there are several types of shampoos:

ordinary - most often require the use of other cosmetics. As a rule, these are detergents for different hair types (dry, oily, normal);
special - usually mild; they can be used every day. They improve the appearance of hair, do not irritate the scalp, as they have a neutral pH level, and give hair shine and silkiness;
medicinal - intended for especially sensitive and damaged hair and hair with dandruff. Special medicinal drugs are injected into them;
special purpose - used before or after perm or hair coloring. They neutralize the remaining oxidizer, strengthen the hair and give it strength, close the cuticle scales, and preserve the color of dyed hair.

Hair washing technology. Before washing your hair, you need to prepare washing materials and hairdressing underwear, wash your hands, and invite the client to the chair. The client is covered with a towel, tightly wrapped around his neck, after which his hair is thoroughly combed. Combing your hair before washing ensures a more even distribution of detergents over the entire surface of the hair and scalp and makes it easier to comb your hair after washing. Also, during the combing process, the type of hair and its condition are determined, which allows you to more accurately select the necessary preparations for washing your hair. Hair swollen from water and detergents loses approximately half of its strength to mechanical stress. Therefore, such hair requires more careful handling. It is especially important to remember this when treating hair that is naturally weak, since it can be easily damaged after washing. Hair that is well combed before washing is easy to comb after this procedure.

After the hair has been combed, the client is invited to the sink. To prevent water from getting on clothes, the visitor should press his neck tightly against the cutout of the sink. The hair is thoroughly moistened with water, after which shampoo is applied. It should be borne in mind that cold shampoo causes discomfort, so it is better to apply detergent to your hair from the palm of your hand.

When applying detergent to your head, you should evenly distribute it over your entire head by lightly rubbing it in a circular pattern with your fingertips, trying to simultaneously cover as much of the scalp as possible with your fingers. When soap foam appears, the hair is rinsed with water and the soaping operation is repeated if necessary. If your hair is very dirty, you can use shampoo to deep clean your hair.

Foam is removed from hair by thoroughly rinsing it with water. For one washing operation in the women's room, 20-25 ml of shampoo is required, in the men's room - 8-10 ml.

Further hair treatment depends on what operation follows shampooing and what detergent was used. If your hair has been chemically treated, then for better combing of your hair you need to apply a small amount. healing balm. The shine of hair depends on the condition of its outer scaly layer. The more tightly the scales are pressed together, the better the hair shines. When using the balm, the outer layer of the hair is compacted, unevenness is smoothed out, which further facilitates combing and does not lead to mechanical damage to the hair. The frequency of washing your hair depends on the condition of your hair and whether your scalp is oily or dry.

Drying hair

Hair drying is a mandatory final operation for almost all types of customer service, especially in women's rooms. The need to dry hair sometimes arises during one or another hair treatment operation. However, the main purpose of drying is to fix the shape that was given to the hair when wet. The quality of styling depends on how well the hair has dried, i.e. the final appearance and relative durability of the hairstyle.

Wet hair is very plastic (pliable) and quite easily takes the shape given to it using a styling or curling tool. When dried, their elasticity is restored, and the hair is able to maintain long time the shape given to them when wet. Hair is dried using special devices (dryers).

Air styling. Hair styling with a brush and hair dryer is carried out depending on the length of the hair.

Blow-drying to lift the roots using a flat skeletal brush is called bombing. It is used in both men's and women's rooms when performing everyday evening and model hairstyles.

The order of operations is as follows:

The strand is grabbed with a brush at the root, against hair growth, for maximum lift. A stream of air is directed onto the strand tangentially to the head and the resulting hair crease is fixed. Allow this section of the strand to cool on the brush until completely dry;
The entire length of the strand is pulled with a brush, directing the hair dryer jet in the direction of the lines of the intended hairstyle. After this, remove the brush from the dried strand of hair;
In the same way, they continue to perform styling on other parts of the head, gradually moving from the occipital zone to the frontal one.

Using a round brush, shape the ends of the hair or straighten it curly hair. This installation method is called brushing , it only applies to the women's room.

A hairdryer is convenient for styling hair of any length. Hairstyles from short hair They will be more voluminous and last longer if the hair is moistened at the roots with gel, liquid hairspray or styling foam.

Blow-drying requires special care. You need to dry your hair very carefully, trying to ensure that already dried hair does not come into contact with wet hair; clearly work out all the details, while simultaneously creating a three-dimensional shape of the hairstyle and making sure that the air stream does not burn the skin. To do this, it is recommended to direct the air stream along a tangent line to the head, from the roots to the ends of the strand. After styling, comb the hair with a wide-toothed comb.

Using a comb, a flat brush and a hairdryer, you can create waves. To do this, hold the comb perpendicular to the separated strand, insert the teeth of the brush into the hair at a distance of two to three fingers' width and move it slightly to the right. This is how the first wave is formed. Then the comb is turned with its teeth up, tilted towards itself and dried with a stream of air, directing it to the left. The second wave is obtained in the same way, changing the direction of the brush and hair dryer. The comb is moved to the left 1 cm and turned towards itself. The hair is dried with a hair dryer directed to the right.

You can start styling from the parietal area of the head or from the parting. The brush is held parallel to the head, grabbing a strand of hair, the hair is lifted at the roots and turned slightly toward itself, after which the brush is moved away from the parting, gradually drying the hair along the entire brush. This technique is repeated several times to give the hair the desired shape.

You can wind long strands on a round brush and dry each strand first from the outside and then from the inside. To do this, comb the strand with your left hand, slightly twisting the brush, as a result of which the hair is well fixed to the brush, taking the shape of a curl. In this case, the hair will curl beautifully downwards without giving the impression of being curled in curlers.

STUDY PLAN

" Hair care"

Washing head

Drying and combing hair

Head massage

3.1 Purposes of head massage

3.2 Indications for massage

3.3 Contraindications to massage

3.4 Massage technology

Hair care products

4.1 Choosing shampoo

4.2 Preparations for improving hair structure after washing your hair

Having beautiful and healthy hair is not only the natural desire of every person, but also a requirement of modern fashion. Hair beauty is impossible without careful systematic care. Hair should always be clean and well-groomed.

WASHING HEAD

Washing your hair is an important hygiene procedure. All types of hairdressing work, with the exception of hair coloring with dyes containing hydrogen peroxide, are performed on clean, freshly washed hair. Wet hair is more elastic and easily takes on one shape or another, stretches strongly and does not break. In addition, washing your hair is necessary to remove the oil that is secreted by the sebaceous glands of the scalp. If you do not wash your hair regularly, the sweat and oil released, mixing with skin flakes and dirt, will create favorable conditions for pathogenic bacteria that cause skin diseases.

Hair washing haunts three goals :

removing dirt from hair (hygienic);

removal of traces of previous installation (deformation);

loosening the outer layer of hair (preparatory).

Hygiene goal washing your hair - removing dust deposits, as well as fat secreted by the sebaceous glands of the head. Oily hair is difficult to process, since fat, covering the scaly layer of hair with a thin coating, closes the pores and inhibits the penetration of coloring, curling and styling products into the hair. In this case, hair degreasing can be considered not only a hygienic, but also a preparatory operation.

Wet hair easily stretches and takes on the desired shape. This is a physical property of hair. It is this property that underlies deformation target washing your hair. Often the hair retains traces of previous styling or a certain shape from hats, and therefore, to eliminate such defects, the hair must first be washed and combed.

Preparatory goal Washing your hair involves softening the outer scaly layer when exposed to detergents, facilitating their rapid and unhindered interaction with other chemicals.

There are also three type of hair washing :

hygienic - using regular shampoo;

medicinal- using medicinal drugs;

dry- using dry shampoo.

Most often, hygienic hair washing is performed. As you know, water has cleansing properties. When hygienic washing, shampoo is necessary only to increase the effectiveness of its effect. Shampoos contain substances that can cleanse hair of dirt, grease and styling products. Sebum secreted by the sebaceous glands does not dissolve in water, but under the action of shampoo it coagulates into tiny droplets and is washed away with water.

The frequency of washing your hair depends on the condition of your hair, as well as whether your skin is oily or dry. A universal rule: wash your hair as it gets dirty. The current opinion that frequent washing increases their fat content is incorrect. Very greasy hair You can wash it even every day, but use a mild shampoo that does not dry out your hair (does not leach it).

Temperature and water quality. To get a good result, it is very important to choose the right shampoo and prepare the water.

Depending on the type and content of inorganic compounds, they are distinguished soft and hard water . Soft water contains a small amount of inorganic compounds (in particular, calcium salts), so shampoo lathers very well in it. Hard water, on the contrary, contains a lot of inorganic compounds, so the soapiness of the shampoo decreases. Hard water can be softened by adding baking soda to 1 liter of water (¼ teaspoon of baking soda). You can get softer water by filtering or boiling.

It is a mistaken belief that hair is washed better in hot water. The only thing you will achieve by washing your hair with hot water is increased greasiness and a gray coating on your hair caused by curdled shampoo.

The optimal water temperature for washing hair is room temperature. That is, the scalp should feel this water as slightly cool. Favorable temperature for washing hair is 34 -39 C.

At the end of rinsing, it will be useful to rinse your hair to add shine. cold water.

If you have the time and desire to pamper your hair, then wash it with boiled water, and if possible, it is better with distilled water.

Choosing a shampoo. To keep your hair intact and give it shine, you need to be very careful when choosing a shampoo, especially if you wash your hair frequently. Too active or incorrectly selected shampoo can harm your hair. Gentle, soft drugs, on the contrary, due to their healing properties improve the condition of the scalp and eliminate damage to the hair structure. Before choosing a shampoo, you need to correctly determine your hair type.

Hygienic hair washing technology

Preparatory work

Before washing your hair, the hairdresser must do the following:

prepare workplace, be sure to wash the sink;

invite the client to the chair;

conduct a preliminary conversation;

wash your hands and disinfect the tools;

comb your hair thoroughly to identify the presence of diseases, as well as to determine the type of hair and its condition;

cover the client with hairdressing underwear (use two towels and a napkin, with one towel placed on the shoulders and the second towel wiped off the hair);

pour the required amount of shampoo into a measuring cup;

adjust the water temperature (the optimal temperature for washing hair is 37-40 °C).

The hairdresser uses two washing method hair: with head tilt forward And with head tilted back. When washing hair with the head tilted forward, it is necessary to offer the client sterile wipe to protect the face. When using the second method with the head tilted back, a special sink with a recess is used. The recess in the sink makes it possible to press the client's neck tightly against it so that water and hair products do not get on clothes.

Hair washing sequence

Wet your hair thoroughly with water.

Pour the required amount of shampoo into your palm for more convenient distribution on the hair, as well as for warming.

Distribute the shampoo evenly on the hair, starting from the roots.

Lather the shampoo on the hair in a circular motion, with the fingertips moving from the edge of the hairline to the highest point of the head.

Rinse the shampoo and then apply it a second time (hygienic hair washing is performed twice).

Final works

At the final stage of washing your hair you need to:

carry out a neutralization reaction on the hair (applying drugs to improve the hair structure);

wipe off hair light wet movements;

comb your hair starting from the ends;

offer additional services (drying, styling, cutting, etc.);

remove hairdressing underwear.

DRYING HAIR

Hair drying is a mandatory final operation for almost all types of customer service, especially in women's rooms. Need for drying arises sometimes during one or another hair treatment operation. However, the main purpose of drying is to fix that shape. Which was given to the hair when wet.

As mentioned above, when wet, hair is very vulnerable and easily damaged. Therefore, you need to handle them delicately, that is, do not rub them against each other forcefully and in no case immediately comb them.

If you do not want to damage your hair, then after rinsing you need to gently blot it and wrap it in a clean towel. When the water from the hair is absorbed into the towel, you need to remove it and carefully, avoiding vigorous movements, wipe the hair along the entire length, moving from roots to ends. Then you need to carefully separate the hair into strands with your fingers and wait until they dry.

Important! If you still need to comb your hair, then use a wooden or horn comb with sparse rounded teeth. At the same time, comb your hair very carefully and carefully. If knots form, they should not be pulled apart with a comb, but carefully untangled with your fingers.

It is not recommended to dry your hair with a hairdryer every time after washing. The hairdryer is definitely a necessary and useful invention. But, nevertheless, it is also harmful. Hot air dries out the hair and damages its structure, causing the hair to become brittle. Therefore, it is better to dry your hair naturally. If you don’t have time for this, then try to reduce the harm caused by blow-drying to a minimum. Namely: never dry completely wet hair - wait a little until it dries itself; use the “cold” drying mode; Do not bring the hair dryer closer than 30 cm to your hair.

Never go to bed with wet head. During the night, the skin cools down, normal blood circulation is disrupted: the hair begins to lack oxygen and nutrients necessary for its growth and development.

Wet hair is very plastic (pliable) and quite easily takes the shape given to it with the help of styling and curling tools. When dry, their elasticity is restored, and the hair is able to retain the shape it was given in a wet state for a long time.

Drying hair in a hairdresser can be done using special devices - dryers. At the same time, to give the hair the desired shape and volume, they are first wound on curlers.

Sushuara– devices for quick drying of hair. They come in several varieties. Depending on the method of fastening, dryers can be either stationary or mobile. Stationary dryers are mounted on the wall. Mobile ones are convenient because they can be moved to any place in the cabin using a tripod on wheels. The presence of functions such as a temperature regulator for the supplied air or a timer, which makes it easy to monitor the drying time, are very convenient and indispensable in large beauty salons. The air supply power is also very important: dryers come in both single-speed and variable speed.

The quality of hair styling depends on how the hair is dried. The hairstyle will not last long on under-dried hair, since it has not fully restored its elasticity. If your hair gets too dry, it loses its shine, becomes brittle, and your hairstyle doesn’t last long. Therefore, you need to limit yourself to a drying time that allows all the moisture applied to them to evaporate.

Determining the really right time to dry your hair is very difficult. Therefore, firstly, the hygroscopicity of hair should be taken into account, i.e. their ability to absorb a certain amount of moisture. The more hygroscopic the hair, the more water it absorbs and, therefore, the longer it takes to dry. Drying time also depends on the length of the hair. Hair 12 - 15 cm long can be dried depending on its properties in 10 - 25 minutes. Drying hair 30 cm long or longer requires significantly more time - 30 - 40 minutes.

This difference in drying time for hair of different thickness, length and properties is very significant. Therefore, it is important for a hairdresser to be able to determine the required minimum drying time for a given hair with an accuracy of 5 minutes in order to avoid over-drying or under-drying the hair. In the latter case, the hair is simply dried. When you overdry, irreparable damage is caused to your hair - it becomes brittle and loses its shine.

Before seating the client under the dryer. You need to adjust the temperature using a thermostat (50-60 C) and set the time switch to the minimum number of minutes required to dry the hair of this group. After the set time has expired, do a drying quality control check by untwisting two or three curls. If your hair is slightly damp, you can increase the drying time by 5-10 minutes. The curlers should not be untwisted immediately after drying. You need to keep them wound for some time so that they cool down. This is necessary because heated hair does not have sufficient elasticity due to the action elevated temperature. The stratum corneum of the hair softens from heating, as a result of which the curls can unwind halfway even under the influence of their own weight.

COMBING YOUR HAIR

Combing is a mandatory procedure for all types of hair treatment without exception, even those that are completely different from each other. Combing allows you to perform the following important tasks:

eliminate tangled areas of hair;

ensure that the hair is positioned parallel to each other, which is very important when winding it with curlers or bobbins;

give the hair the desired direction;

determine the length of the hair of each or individual sections of the scalp;

Combing your hair is also good for hygiene. During the combing process, as a result of scalp massage, blood flow to the hair roots increases, which has a beneficial effect on their vital functions. There is an even distribution of sebum along the entire length of the hair.

It is advisable to start combing your hair from the ends, gradually moving upward. If your hair is very tangled, you need to divide it into thin strands and, holding it with your left hand, comb it very carefully with a wide-tooth comb.

To comb short hair, you don’t need to divide it into sections. In this case, combing is done with light, short movements, holding the scalp of the area of hair being combed with your hand. Only after making sure that there are no tangled areas of hair do they begin to comb the entire scalp.

The hairdresser's movements should be light, neat, and unhurried. Particular attention is required when combing wet hair, dyed or bleached, as well as hair that is regularly permed.

Be careful when choosing a comb. Good combs are made from natural materials or high-quality plastic. It is best if they are of medium hardness, flexible and durable. The surface of the comb should be smooth without jagged edges, and the teeth should not be too sharp.

HEAD MASSAGE

Scalp massage stimulates blood circulation and metabolism, improves nutrition of hair roots, enhances hair growth, normalizes the activity of the sebaceous glands, makes the scalp soft and elastic. Thanks to massage, the effect of medicinal drugs is enhanced (the drug is applied to clean and damp hair, then the head is massaged).

After a massage, you invariably feel muscle relaxation and even improve your mood.

Indications for massage :

strengthening hair roots;

prevention of hair loss;

dysfunction of the sebaceous glands;

general relaxation of the client.

Contraindications to massage :

the presence of skin diseases;

severe hair loss;

fungal and pustular diseases;

acute head injuries;

hypertension;

nervous diseases.

General massage rules . The main movements during massage are: stroking, kneading, rubbing And vibration. According to the technology, the head massage begins with light warming movements, the strength of which gradually increases. The massage ends with the same gentle and careful stroking. It is important that during the procedure the patient is comfortably positioned and his head and body are relaxed.

The basis of manual head massage is circular movements, which are performed with semi-clasped palms with fingers spread. Wherein thumb serves as a support for the hand placed on the surface, and the rest perform massaging movements.

Do not rub the skin superficially, but press it against the bone and only then move it with circular or straight movements, as if palpating, kneading and rubbing, all the time feeling the bone.

Rhythm is of great importance. You cannot start a massage very energetically and end it suddenly.

The massage is performed on clean, damp hair, always using medicinal preparations. Currently, all companies producing professional perfumes produce preparations for the care and intensive treatment of hair. Special knowledge is required to use these drugs.

There are a myriad of types of massage, and, usually, a good specialist will always be able to individually select for you the type of massage that is right for you.

Let's consider the execution technology classic massage heads . Duration is 10-15 minutes.

Head massage technology includes the following movements.

1st movement Intermittent kneading in the area of the brow ridges (Fig. A). Apply eight light pressures in the direction from the bridge of the nose to the temporal cavities of the large and index fingers. Repeat three times.

2nd movement Continuous spiral rubbing of the temporal region and behind it, which ends with rubbing of the mastoid process (Fig. b). Four fingers work. Repeat three times.

3rd movement Intermittent stroking of the frontalis muscle (Fig. V). Perform four movements with two fingers from the eyebrows to the hairline on the forehead, from the bridge of the nose to the middle of the eyebrows, from the outer corner of the eye to the helix of the auricle; finish by kneading the area under the earlobes. Repeat three times.

4th movement Vertical stroking of the frontal and temporal muscles (Fig. G). Perform with three fingers from the superciliary arches to the hairline on the forehead with two hands alternately: from the middle of the forehead, first to the right, and then to the left, and back. Having performed this stroking three times, the fourth time it is continued from the middle of the forehead to the temporal cavities, where light pressure is applied.

5th movement Wave-like longitudinal stroking of the frontal muscle (Fig. d). Performed with three fingers - first right hand from the right temporal cavity to the left temple and back, and then with the left hand from the left temporal cavity to the right temple and back. Repeat three times.

6th movement Rubbing the frontal and temporal muscles (Fig. e). Perform with both hands simultaneously from the temporal hollows to the center of the forehead along the hairline using longitudinal, transverse and circular movements. Repeat three times.

7th movement Superficial rubbing of the hair roots of the scalp (Fig. and). Make eight radial partings from the marginal hairline to the highest point of the head. The right half of the head is massaged with the right hand, and the left half with the left. At the same time, the free hand supports the head. Perform once.

8th movement Deep rubbing of the scalp (Fig. h). Widely spaced fingers of both hands are placed above the ears. By moving the fingers, the scalp is first shifted to the midline and then back, i.e. rub in opposite directions. The same movements of the fingers of both hands are made from the forehead and lower part of the head to the back of the head. Repeat three times.

9th movement Circular kneading of the occipital muscle (Fig. And). Performed at the points shown in the figure. Skin movements are made clockwise and back thumbs two hands at the same time. Repeat three times

10th movement Superficial circular kneading of the scalp (Fig. To). The terminal phalanges of the four fingers produce circular movements skin along eight radial partings. On the right side - with the right hand, on the left - with the left. Free hand while supporting the head. Perform once

11th movement Light vibration of the scalp (Fig. l). This is done in the same way as in step 10, only with one hand. Perform once.

12th movement Stroking the scalp with widely spaced fingers of both hands (Fig. m). Movements are made from the forehead to the back of the head through the crown. Repeat three times.

After the massage, you need to rest for 10-15 minutes (even if you are going to start washing your hair).

Rice. Massage scheme

HAIR CARE PRODUCTS

Shampoos. Shampoo is a foaming cleanser for hair and scalp. Shampoo is designed to remove oil and dead cells from the hair and scalp. Everything else is the function of conditioners, balms, etc.

The detergent base of all shampoos are surfactants that serve to cleanse the hair. In addition to surfactants, shampoos contain substances for hair care and protection, functional additives, preservatives, active medicinal ingredients, as well as foaming agents.

Requirements for shampoos.

have a good cleansing (washing) effect;

produce voluminous creamy foam in water of any hardness;

distributes well throughout the hair and is easy to rinse off;

be gentle on the scalp and mucous membrane of the eyes;

give hair shine and a healthy look;

have a pleasant smell and color

provide a conditioning effect, i.e. easy combing of hair wet and dry;

have a pH close to the pH of the scalp and hair (approximately pH 5.5), except for special purpose shampoos.

Shampoo classification

The number of shampoos is so large. That there was a need to divide them according to certain criteria.

Shampoos are differentiated by appearance: liquid, creamy, jelly-like, dry, concentrated.

According to the intended purpose depending on the hair type: for normal, dry, oily, mixed, damaged, curly, any type, etc.

By belonging to any gender or age: male, female, family, children.

Therapeutic and prophylactic: against dandruff, seborrhea, etc.

According to the additional effect they provide: coloring, protective, moisturizing, restoring, etc.

In order to understand that this shampoo is not suitable for you, one or two times of use is enough. But in order to come to the conclusion that this shampoo is just for you, you need to use it regularly for at least 2-3 weeks.

Preparations for improving hair structure after shampooing.

There are two groups of hair care products after washing:

Rinse-off products;

Leave-in products.

Group rinse-off products for hair care after washing includes all types of rinses or conditioners, starting with liquid milk, rinsing balms, hair combing creams of various consistencies and ending with liquid gels and masks. Main purpose similar means– compensate for adverse effects on hair and give it properties such as ease of combing, elasticity, shine and softness.

The principle of operation of rinses, conditioners and balms is the same: the special regenerating substances they contain (ceramides and proteins) replace the natural “glue”. As a result, the ruffled scales fall into place and form a single smooth surface.

The difference between conditioners and rinses from balms is only in the amount of these regenerating substances. There are fewer of them in conditioners, so they can only protect hair from environmental influences. Conditioners (liquid and cream) are used to make hair easier to comb and add shine. They make hair more manageable and help style it even without styling products. Conditioners also add shine to hair, maintain the color of dyed hair, and protect it from harmful environmental influences.

The conditioner “closes” the scales, but does not nourish the hair, but rather envelops it with a protective film. This is important for hair that is often blow-dried and treated with other heating tools. Another function of the air conditioner is to remove static electricity. Conditioners and rinses are applied to wet, freshly washed strands and left, as a rule, for 1-2 minutes, after which they are thoroughly rinsed with warm water.

Balms are more active. They allow not only to protect, but also to restore, “repair” existing damage in the hair structure, and care for the scalp. That is why they are rubbed into the skin or applied first to the roots, and then distributed along the entire length of the hair. The exposure time is usually quite long - 10-15 minutes, but there are also fast-acting products (manufacturers know how little free time they have modern women).

Currently, industrialists often combine these two products and offer us conditioners that perform not only a protective function. They nourish, moisturize, strengthen hair, stimulate its growth, improve structure, and remove static electricity, allow you to increase volume, help cope with tangled curls, give healthy shine, fullness, elasticity, and firmness. Hair becomes manageable and easy to comb. Eat special means for the care of dyed and highlighted hair - they treat it after exposure to dye and help maintain color longer. The same applies to products that support hair after perm.

Hair masks are one of the most popular means of intensive restoration of hair structure. Nourishing and moisturizing masks are most often used; masks for colored hair and permed hair. The mask is used no more than once a week. It is applied to washed, damp hair for 30-35 minutes, after which it is thoroughly rinsed. The mask can be applied over more short term- for 3-5 minutes. In this case, it works like a balm. The composition of the masks can be anything, but you should pay attention to the following ingredients. Aloe vera is an excellent moisturizer, suitable for all hair types. Chamomile, mint, eucalyptus soothe, relieve irritation - for sensitive skin heads. Rice protein restores the structure of severely damaged hair.

Leave-in products for hair care after washing are represented by lotions, mousses, conditioning creams and cosmetic hair serums. Light in consistency, these products create wet hair film; add shine, volume, remove static electricity, and maintain the shape of the hairstyle.

The first tactile contact between the master and the client occurs precisely during the hair washing procedure. This procedure is not as simple as it seems. With its help, you can achieve the effect of beautiful, shiny hair, but on the contrary, you can ruin everything and negate all the effects of medications and care products. Therefore, it is very important to know a few rules for using professional means and their proper application. This article will tell you how to properly wash a client’s hair in a beauty salon.

So, how to wash your hair correctly?

Before the washing procedure, the master must diagnose the scalp and hair in order to choose the right care products. The next step is to comb your hair. This is especially necessary if styling products have been applied to your hair. When washing your hair, the specialist should stand behind the sink, and not next to it - this will make it more convenient to perform the procedure. Mandatory conditions for proper washing of hair and scalp are temperature (not too hot and not cold, check on the wrist) and amount of water.

Shampoo is selected according to the type of scalp, not hair. If the hair is well wetted (within 1 minute), then it will be easy to foam the shampoo on it. The amount of shampoo you will need is small - a mass with a diameter of approximately 2.5 cm. The shampoo is poured into the palm of one hand and applied along the periphery of the scalp with the fingers of the other hand.

Washing your hair means applying shampoo twice. First time: all contaminants are washed away - remnants of dust, styling, secretions of the sebaceous glands. The second time the nutritional components contained in the shampoo are added. There is no need to apply too much shampoo - the main thing is not quantity, but quality. Only shampoos with a high alkali content form too much foam, which dries out the scalp and hair.

The shampoo must be distributed evenly in the palms and applied to very well-moistened hair and scalp using fingertips with light massaging movements. Under no circumstances should you rub your hair along the length - this will tear the scales of the top layer and, as a result, your hair will lose its shine. It is also necessary to rinse the shampoo very thoroughly with warm water, massaging the scalp with your fingertips.

Conditioner and mask are selected according to hair type (not scalp type). They must be applied to hair washed with shampoo and wrung out with a towel, retreating 2-3 cm from the root zone. These products are applied in the direction from roots to ends. You don’t have to leave the conditioner on your hair, but the mask should not be washed off for at least five minutes. The rule of thoroughly rinsing the product also works here. It is advisable to use cool water during the final rinse of your hair.

Hair washing should not be aggressive. Try not to rub your hair against each other, much less rub it with a towel. All movements should be easy and pleasant.

After washing with shampoo, the hair must be blotted with a towel, and the movements should not be aggressive; in no case should you rub the hair against each other - this causes mechanical damage to the outer layer of the hair - the cuticle. Apply the conditioner or mask to the ends and lengths in rows, always combing with a fine-toothed comb so that the product is evenly distributed throughout the hair. These drugs should not be applied to the scalp, because... they clog the hair follicle, and this leads to excessive work of the sebaceous glands and even hair loss. Conditioner exposure time is from 1 to 5 minutes, mask - from 5 to 15 minutes.

The final step is to rinse your hair with cold water. This procedure increases blood circulation to the scalp and closes the top scaly layer of hair.

So, we told you how to properly wash a client’s hair in a beauty salon. Imagine the pleasure you will get if your hair is washed correctly during every visit to a beauty salon!