How to make an applique for the fairy tale The Little Humpbacked Horse. Abstract of the OOD “The Little Humpbacked Horse” (preparatory group)

Abstract of OOD "The Little Humpbacked Horse" ( preparatory group).

Educational area"Artistic and aesthetic development." Visual activities. Modeling

Prepared by:

Teacher GBOU School No. 2083

DO "Rosinka" Zvolinskaya A.A.

Target:

develop fine motor skills hands, the ability to convey the characteristic features of a fairy-tale hero.

Tasks:

Invite each child to make the Little Humpbacked Horse as he imagines it to be.
In the process of work, achieve expressiveness of decisions.
All finished works consider with children, note their diversity.

OOD progress:

Educator: Guys, look at the book I have in my hands. Let's remember what fairy tale we recently read.

Children: answers

Educator: That's right, “The Little Humpbacked Horse” by P. Ershov. Which heroes of this fairy tale do you remember?

Children: answers

Educator: Yes, well done, how well you remembered the fairy tale. One of the main characters of the fairy tale was the Little Humpbacked Horse himself.A horse is a noble, proud, beautiful and loyal animal. Since ancient times he was true friend and a human assistant.

Let's remember the works in which the horse appears.

"Ivan Tsarevich and the Grey Wolf",

"Sivka-Burka"

"Princess Frog",

"The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights"

"Morozko"

"Blind Horse".

But in the fairy tale “The Little Humpbacked Horse,” the horse is special, isn’t it, guys?

Invite children to look at the illustrations and answer the questions:

How does “The Little Humpbacked Horse” differ from the usual one? horse : height (Three vershkas, short legs, on the back with two humps, large ears (Arshinnye). (Explain the meaning of the words “Three Vershkas”, “Arshinnye”)

Why is it called “The Little Humpbacked Horse”? (Because it's small.)

Educator: Guys, would you like such a devoted good friend, like our horse from a fairy tale? Today, each of you will try to create your own Little Humpbacked Horse, and we will create it from plasticine.

Today I will show you how to sculpt the Little Humpbacked Horse. Notice what shape the plasticine is?(Roller) We bend it in an arc, then cut it with a stack from one side almost to the middle and divide it into 2 parts, lifting one up for the neck and head. We divide the lower parts in half to create pairs of legs - front and back. We pull off the upper part of the plasticine, first the neck, then we shape the head(Slightly elongated and pointed). Pull 2 from the back hump and carefully smooth everything out. It remains to complete our work. details : mane, tail and ears. We divide a piece of plasticine into 3 parts for the mane, tail and ears. We roll up a column from one part, divide it in half, flatten it and sharpen it a little - these are the ears. We also roll up a column from the second one, flatten it, pull it along the long side and pinch it, giving it the shape of a mane. Thus, we make the tail. Let's attach everything to the body and our Little Humpbacked Horse is ready. You can invite children to sculpt the mane, tail and ears as they wish, using previously acquired skills. This work is difficult, but interesting.

Let's remember where we started. Children name the sequence of work.

Before we begin our work, let's stretch our fingers.

Finger gymnastics:

I will press two palms

And I'll float down the river

(palms cupped)

Two palms, friends, -

This is my boat.

(perform wave-like movements with your arms)

I'll raise the sails

I'll swim in the blue sea.

(raise straightened palms up above your head)

And with me on the waves

Fish swim here and there.

(wave-like movements with two palms at the same time, imitating the movements of fish and waves)

Children's work. In the process of work, achieve expressiveness of decisions.

At the end of the educational activity, children place their work on a stand (exhibition). Discussion about which horse was the fastest, the brightest, who has a beautiful mane, etc.

DIY crafts from pine cones for children

You can make a lot of cute animals, beasts, and birds from pine cones. We invite you to make a Horse

DIY Little Humpbacked Horse made from pine cones. Instructions

Materials

Fir cones;

Brown plasticine;

Ash seeds;

Red threads;

Black felt-tip pen;

Scissors.

Work sequence

Prepare two fir cones different sizes. For the skate's legs, roll four columns from plasticine, make one end of each wide and flat, and the other thin and rounded.

Sculpt a neck and hump for the Little Humpbacked Horse.

Attach columns like legs to the big bump from below, and a hump and neck from above. Attach your head to your neck—a small fir cone.

On the top of the head, between the scales of the cone, place two small lumps of plasticine and stick ash seeds into them. This is how you get the ears of the Little Humpbacked Horse. Make two tassels from red threads and use plasticine to attach them as a mane and a tail.

Make the Little Humpbacked Horse's eyes out of paper.

We assemble a growing chair with our own hands.
I think it would be superfluous to once again talk about the relevance of the problem of maintaining correct posture in children. One of the most important conditions is to ensure correct sitting posture, which depends on many parameters. Regular chairs will not work. Unfortunately, office chairs with gas lift are also not able to solve this problem, since they do not have an adjustable footrest or seat reach adjustment, and adjusting the seat height and back angle alone is not enough. In such a situation, a special adjustable chair will be a great solution!

You can find many on the Internet various options for every taste. From all the variety I chose the design I liked.

The design is not as simple as it might seem at first glance. She is very technologically advanced. It is important to take into account the ratio of the sizes of the elements, their relative position, the strength and stability of the entire structure. Of course, we couldn’t find any drawings on the manufacturer’s website or on the Internet. Therefore, I had to develop the drawings myself. All the more interesting. The design took several days.

Unfortunately, I don’t have a plotter at my disposal to output images of the required size, and the program I worked with doesn’t know how to print large images in parts (or I simply couldn’t figure out how to do it). Therefore, we had to solve the problem in a roundabout way. Part drawings were saved as regular high-resolution photographs. Then, using the free PosteRazor program, they were converted into PDF documents containing drawings at the required scale and divided into separate A4 sheets.

Do I have the right to publish them? Am I violating someone's copyright? After all, I saw the chair on the Internet and someone was designing it! Let's figure it out.

This situation can be looked at from two points of view: ethical and legal. We will omit the ethical side of the issue, because a whole range of well-reasoned opinions is possible here and most likely it will not be possible to arrive at the truth. But from a legal point of view, the search for truth is not so hopeless.

So, legally, a chair cannot be an object of copyright. In this case, according to the Civil Code, it can be either a utility model or an industrial design, which are recognized and protected only subject to state registration, on the basis of which the federal executive body for intellectual property issues a patent. There is no mention of any patents on the manufacturer’s website; most likely, no one patented this chair. To be honest, I don’t see what can be patented there - in comparison with analogues, there is no particular novelty or originality. Although the design is quite successful. And I didn’t find it on www.freepatent.ru. This means that I will not violate anyone’s patent rights for lack of any.

But drawings, according to the Administrative Code, are objects of copyright and are protected without any registration by default, as a type of work visual arts, (computer programs, by the way, are like literary works). The drawings I developed are not an exact copy of the original, which is not available to me, but are the result of intellectual work and reflect my vision of the design, the general features of which I saw in photographs. And as an author, I have every right to publish the results of my work. Unlike those who, without permission or a link to the source, post articles from my blog on their websites to attract visitors. You have to put copyright on the photos.

Well enough tediousness, it's time to get down to business!
Drawings of a growing chair can be downloaded from the link: https://yadi.sk/d/-nS9on3WmbxdF
If there is no detail in the archive, then its description will be further in the text.

We print them like a regular multi-page document on A4 sheets. At the same time, in the Acrobat Reader Print Wizard, it is important not to forget to specify the “Actual Size” scale. As a result, after gluing together the individual sheets, we get a drawing of the part on a scale of 1:1.

We cut out the drawing of the racks along the contour and paste it onto a sheet of plywood.

Plywood with a thickness of 22 mm was chosen as the material for the racks. We cut out the first part, departing 5 mm from the contour. In general, the quality and accuracy of the cut are not very important. If only there was some reserve left.

Now the resulting rough edges of the workpiece must be aligned exactly according to the drawing. I usually use the term “combing” to refer to this action. To do this, we press a flat strip against the workpiece along the line of the drawing and go along the edge with a copy cutter with an upper bearing. I processed the fillets by guiding the router with my hands, followed by adjusting the fillets with a grinding machine. You can spend more time on this preparation, because... it will serve as a template and the quality of the remaining racks depends on the quality of its processing.

Now, having a template, we mark and cut out the remaining blanks for the racks

Next, use self-tapping screws to secure the template to the workpieces. To tighten the screws, we make holes in the template in the places where there will be holes for attaching the seat and footrest. In this case, the head of the twisted self-tapping screw should not protrude from the template.

And using a copy cutter we align the edges of the workpiece according to the template.

Using a router inserted into the table, we make a groove in which the elements that secure the seat and footrest will move. For simplicity, I decided to call them runners. The groove depth is 10 mm, the groove width is 24 mm (it might be more convenient to make the groove width equal to the width of the existing plywood - 22 mm, but there was no such cutter in the workshop).

In the middle of the groove we make holes at equal distances. On the back side of the workpiece, where the drill exits, you must place a block so that the drill does not break out the bottom layer of veneer. It will be extremely difficult to close or disguise such a chip.

We do the same with the runners. Printing the drawing in actual size, cut it out and glue it onto a sheet of plywood. Next, we cut it out with a margin and “comb it” as we did with the stand template.

From the same sheet of 22 mm plywood, using a jigsaw, we roughly cut out future runners with a margin.

We use the same self-tapping screws to fix the template on the workpiece.

And on the milling table, using a copy cutter, we align the edges of the workpieces according to the template.

Using an edge moulder, we round the edges on all the resulting parts. Rounding radius 4.8 mm.

Next, a rail is cut out, with the help of which the runners engage with the groove on the racks. Rail height 20 mm, width 24 mm. Because I didn’t have either 20 mm or 24 mm plywood, so it was decided to make the slats from solid ash. This wood has excellent strength characteristics.

A corresponding groove was made in the runners on the milling table and slats were glued into it. At the same time, when you make a gutter, you must not forget that there are right and left runners.

After the glue has dried, the slats are sawn and ground flush with the runner body. There are also holes made in the runners for fixing them on the racks.

The runners also have gutters milled parallel to the floor. Gutter depth 10 mm, width 16 mm. These gutters will hold the seats and footrests. In the next photo you can see the finished runners.

We do the same with the seat and footrest templates: print the drawing, glue it onto plywood and cut out the blank.

In order to make even roundings, I used a thin strip of 5 mm plywood, passed between the screws that set the desired radius. It bends well and creates smooth transitions. How this is done can be seen in the photo:

As a result, we get two templates - footrests (left) and seats (right). Next, we work with them according to the already worked out scheme - we mark the blanks (we trace the templates with a pencil) and cut them out using a jigsaw with an indentation of 5 mm. 16 mm plywood was used for them, although 22 mm is also possible. We fix the template on the workpiece using self-tapping screws and work out the edges with a copy cutter. Having ready-made templates, the whole operation takes a few minutes. The small holes left on the finished parts from the screws can either be simply ignored due to their small size, or hidden using putty at the grinding stage. Personally, I took the first path. Don't forget to round the edges using an edge bevel cutter.

The template for the back was made “on the spot”. That's why there is no drawing of the backrest. I made the top and bottom edges according to the seat template. Back height 100 mm, Width 464 mm (depth of groove for backrest in racks 10 mm). After the template is ready, we make a couple of backs using it using a jigsaw and a copy cutter in a few minutes.

There are three bars in total in the chair. They are made from the same 22mm sheet. The dimensions of the crossbars fixing the runners are 399x50x22 mm. The lower crossbar (in the lower part near the floor) - 444x30x22 mm. Using a 10 mm straight cutter, we make grooves for countersunk furniture nuts - barrels.

Next, we make a groove for the backrest. The angle of the backrest was chosen in accordance with GOST 19301.2-94. "Children's preschool furniture..." The angle of the backrest is at least 5 degrees or more. My chair has an angle of 11 degrees - it seems to me a very comfortable angle.

We get a small pile of parts

Each chair is assembled using hex bolts and countersunk furniture barrel nuts. The bolts have dimensions 6x70 and 6x50, nuts - 10x20 and 10x12. The mounting kit is shown in the photo.

Ready. As they say, “it seems true.” During assembly, the quality of workmanship and fit of parts is checked, minor defects are eliminated, and “finishing with a file” is carried out. At this point, the sawing, drilling and milling stage is completed.

The sanding and painting stage begins. Now the chairs are completely disassembled and all parts are sanded before coating. I used 180 paper. In some places I had to fiddle with 80 and even 40.

Painting work is a separate discipline. A poor finish can ruin the entire job. Winter outside and lack of heating in the workshop made adjustments to the usual process. I had to paint the chair right at home. Therefore, neither a spray gun nor multi-component smelly varnishes can be used - only non-smelling varnishes water-based varnish and a brush.

Because The chair was made from leftover plywood, some parts were dirty. Unfortunately, it was not possible to completely get rid of them by sanding, so I decided to cover one chair dark color- “mahogany”, the second - glossy opaque milky enamel. Only the first one is ready so far. The second, dairy, is waiting for its time.

If, after applying the first layer of varnish, the color lays down unevenly, the parts due to varying degrees the absorbents are covered with bald spots, the pile has risen and the surface has become like sandpaper, and in general it all looks terrible and you want to throw it all away, which means you are on the right track. After the first layer has dried (after three or four hours), we take 180-grit sandpaper and sand all the raised pile. Next we put on a second layer, after drying the surface became a little better - there was no lint and the color went on more evenly, but it was still far from the picture on the label of the varnish can. Therefore, we matte the parts with the same sandpaper and apply a third layer. There's a fourth behind him. And so on. We continue until the result satisfies you. For this I needed five layers, which took two days.

The growing chair is ready. The cost of two chairs is a sheet of plywood 1500x1500 mm, 22 mm thick, fasteners for 50 rubles. and a can of varnish. This also includes electricity, depreciation of fixed assets, and worker’s wages.

I saw similar designs on Amazon for 250 US dollars - not a price, but some kind of tin. With us they are, of course, much cheaper.

Despite the dubious design, the design is quite thoughtful.
This is not just a children's chair, it's more office furniture for a schoolchild. Because it is schoolchildren who spend many hours first doing lessons and then playing computer games, and for them the correct comfortable posture is important for posture, less fatigue and preservation of vision. At the same time, schoolchildren are also actively growing.

For greater comfort, you can make removable soft pads for the seat and back. As an option. But I don’t see any particular need - usually school furniture without pillows. Armrests are also not particularly necessary, because when writing or working on the keyboard, the elbows should rest freely on the table so as not to cause tension in the shoulders. All these calculations are described in a whole variety of GOSTs and the growing chair corresponds to them. Overall, I'm pleased with the result.

You can purchase some things from this blog in our VKontakte group:

Venus Amurlina

In our kindergarten Every year an exhibition is organized fairy tale crafts and drawings our fellow countryman Pyotr Pavlovich Ershova"The Little Humpbacked Horse". I bring to your attention photo report of the exhibition of works made by the hands of parents and children of the “Zvezdochka” preparatory group. The works were performed using a variety of techniques.

Pastel drawing.

The work was done using the felting technique.

Watercolor drawing with elements of three-dimensional appliqué.

Gouache drawing.

Firebird using plasticineography technique.

Horse-the humpback is lined with cereal.

The work was done using the technique of cut appliqué. Parents and children took part in this exhibition with pleasure. And this exhibition inspired many to read story out loud to your children. Children shared their impressions of fairy tale. Everyone noted for themselves favorite place from the text fairy tales. Some people liked the passage about the firebird, while others were interested in reading about the miracle whale fish. I will be glad if you like our works from the exhibition.

Publications on the topic:

Photo report " Summer crafts"Summer time is a time of warmth, sun, beauty in nature. Everyone, people, plants, and insects, was waiting for summer.

Autumn is rich in harvest! Among the variety of fruits and vegetables for a common theme autumn crafts we chose PUMPKIN! Common pumpkin (table).

Photo report of the fairy tale scene "Turnip" Second junior group The most important activity of a child preschool age is a game. The game is evolving.

What wonderful autumn days! It's a wonderful time when the leaves of the trees turn bright colors and the yellowed grass bends down.

An amazing type of handicraft is the creation of animal figures from hay (straw). From it you can make figures of various animals, including large ones.

The most wonderful time of the year has come - autumn! Some people love autumn, while others don't understand what's good about it. In my opinion, there are no bad ones.

The autumn competition of master classes in 2017 was held in Tuapse in kindergarten No. 38 "Kolobok". Nature is a wonderful workshop. In hand.

The health of children depends on many different factors. For the younger generation it is important to have not only proper nutrition, play sports and develop thinking. An important factor is correct posture when sitting at the table. Correct posture shapes the child’s skeleton and provides balanced development to the entire body.

Decorating elements are chosen at the discretion of the master.

For very small children, it is better to upholster with leatherette or oilcloth to be able to clean the surfaces.

When working independently, you must also focus on this figure.

The growing chair copes with several tasks simultaneously.

Is orthopedic furniture.
Allows you to use it from 6 months.
Saves the family budget.

For decoration finished product you will need - putty, primer, varnish or stain, paint of the required color.

A properly made chair allows you to adjust the stand, seat and back in various combinations.

Preparation for work begins with creating a drawing of the chair.

Experienced craftsmen who have some experience in assembling furniture with their own hands will not find it difficult to complete this model on one's own. For those for whom the growing chair will be the first independent product, we advise you to carefully read the instructions. It is also necessary to first assess not only your capabilities, but also the availability of tools that you cannot do without during the work process.

For the younger generation, it is important not only to have proper nutrition, exercise and develop thinking.

Regardless of the source of the drawing, the pattern should be made only in life size.

Not all materials are suitable for making a folding chair that grows with the child. The product can be made from either plywood or treated wood. It is also possible to make a chair from solid wood, but it will be very bulky and heavy, which is inconvenient for the child. That's why the best material still considered plywood.

For the racks you will need plywood of at least 22 millimeters, on the basis that each rack will use two blanks, which will subsequently be glued together. The seats, footrest and backrest can be made of 22 or 16 mm plywood.

The little humpbacked horse chair has only one significant defect - the high cost when purchasing a finished product.

A preliminary pattern of all elements is made on paper or thick cardboard.

It is important to consider that some elements of a chair for a child should be right and left, that is, “mirror” each other.

Tools, hardware and materials

Hex bolts;

- 2 pcs. dimensions 6x70 mm,

- 2 pcs. size 6x50 mm.

Countersunk nuts;

- 2 pcs. 10x20 mm,

- 2 pcs. 10x12 mm.

To decorate the finished product you will need putty, primer, varnish or stain, and paint of the required color. Decorating elements are chosen at the discretion of the master. You can make the seat soft by upholstering it with foam rubber and decorating it with upholstery material on top. For very small children, it is better to upholster with leatherette or oilcloth to be able to clean the surfaces.

To make a growing chair for children you will need the following tools.

Paper or cardboard for drawings.
Pencil.
Centimeter or tape measure.
Wood glue.
Electric jigsaw with files.
Copy cutter.
Fraser.
Sandpaper.
Paint brushes.

It is also necessary to first assess not only your capabilities, but also the availability of tools that you cannot do without during the work process.

Having prepared the pattern, materials and tools, you can safely begin to work.

Remember - work does not tolerate haste and fuss.

A properly made chair allows you to adjust the stand, seat and back in various combinations. Furniture manufacturers include at least 10-15 positions in a growing chair. When working independently, you must also focus on this figure.

Not all materials are suitable for making a folding chair that grows with the child.

An experienced craftsman knows that it is necessary to measure several times, weigh everything and only then cut.

The dimensions of the seat for a child are chosen independently and depend on his age and the calculated reserve.

Preparing a product project

Preparation for work begins with creating a drawing of the chair. You can make a product for a child with your own hands only by correctly calculating not only the dimensions, but also the angles of inclination of the parts.

You can easily download a ready-made project on the Internet, or using GOST 19301.2-94, which describes what parameters tables and chairs for children should have, you can make a pattern yourself.

Regardless of the source of the drawing, the pattern should only be made in full size. A preliminary pattern of all elements is made on paper or thick cardboard. It is important to consider that some elements of a chair for a child should be right and left, that is, “mirror” each other.

It is also possible to make a chair from solid wood, but it will be very bulky and heavy, which is inconvenient for the child.

The shape of the parts can also be arbitrary - square, semicircular or oval.

A growing chair for small children can be additionally equipped with armrests and a safety front bar so that the child cannot fall from it.

Step-by-step assembly instructions

Having prepared the pattern, materials and tools, you can safely begin to work. Remember - work does not tolerate haste and fuss. An experienced craftsman knows that it is necessary to measure several times, weigh everything and only then cut.

Stages of work.

We apply the pattern made according to the drawing to the plywood and cut out the first part of the side legs. It is necessary to make the workpiece with a small margin of a few millimeters. This reserve will prevent mistakes when cutting.
Using a copy cutter, we bring the workpiece to the ideal size.
We cut out three more legs with a margin.
Stack all four legs.
Using the first perfect piece, we grind the remaining three legs. This approach will save time on grinding.
Glue two pieces together and let them dry.
Using a router we make grooves on the inside of the legs. The groove dimensions should be 10 mm deep and 24 mm wide. This groove plays a key role in further adjustment of the positions of all elements.
Exactly in the middle of the groove it is necessary to make through holes in which the seat and footrest will be secured. Holes must be made at equal distances from each other. It is important to place a block under the leg when drilling to avoid chipping and deformation on the outside.
We are preparing the runners. The slider allows you to fix the seat or footrest in the desired position. You will need 4 of them - two on each side. The sliders must correspond to the size of the foot and not look beyond it - height 20 mm and width 24 mm.
All corners and edges of the runner are rounded, and a groove is made in the center. The gutter is intended for further gluing into it the slats, which will be inserted into the groove of the leg.
The rail should be made based on the width of the groove into which it will be inserted on one side and the groove on the other side.
The slider and the rail are glued together and dried.
A hole is made in the slider for a bolt that will secure the selected position.
Next, the back and footrest are cut out. The dimensions of the seat for a child are chosen independently and depend on his age and the calculated reserve. The shape of the parts can also be arbitrary - square, semicircular or oval.
The next step is to make the back for the chair. The back can have a wide solid surface or be made of several slats of various sizes.
Don't forget about the crossbar that secures the legs in their lower part.
Finished parts are not assembled using the final method, but rather the baiting method. This will help evaluate the final result and identify flaws that need to be eliminated.
If the chair for the child corresponds to the initial plan and drawing, it is necessary to disassemble it and work on it final processing using sandpaper. We clean the surfaces, preparing them for painting.
The paint color is chosen independently. Some craftsmen prefer to prime and then varnish, thereby emphasizing the existing wood pattern. Plywood, however, is best painted because it does not have a uniform appearance.
The dried parts are assembled into a structure and are ready for use.

The seats, footrest and backrest can be made of 22 or 16 mm plywood.

These parts can be mounted using bolts and subsequently removed from the chair.

For studying at the school table, armrests are not needed, since the hands are always on the table.

A growing chair for small children can be additionally equipped with armrests and a safety front bar so that the child cannot fall from it. These parts can be mounted using bolts and subsequently removed from the chair. For studying at the school table, armrests are not needed, since the hands are always on the table.

The parts of the child's chair are fastened using hex bolts and furniture countersunk nuts.

Plywood, however, is best painted because it does not have a uniform appearance.