Let's learn letters in action!: Letter C - activity. Learning letters easily: games and exercises for preschoolers Tasks for memorizing letters by preschoolers

STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF THE TULA REGION "NOVOMOSKOVSK SPECIAL (CORRECTIONAL) BOARDING SCHOOL FOR STUDENTS AND PUPILS WITH LIMITED HEALTH OPPORTUNITIES"

Literacy training

“Games and exercises that promote memorization younger schoolchildren graphic image of letters"

Performed:

Mironova K.Yu.

teacher primary classes

Currently, primary school teachers, when teaching children to read and write, often face the problem of difficulty in children memorizing the graphic image of letters. This may be due to insufficient developed memory and attention of children, as well as insufficient motivation to learn. The work of memorizing letters can be made interesting and exciting for children if you use the following game tasks:

Laying out letters from sticks;

Laying out letters from strings;

Laying out letters from small pebbles;

Laying out letters from various seeds (beans, peas, seeds, etc.);

Modeling letters from plasticine;

Tracing the letter with your finger on velvet paper, first with open, and then with eyes closed.

By completing the above tasks, children reproduce the graphic image of letters with their own hands, which has a beneficial effect on the development of involuntary memory and children mechanically remember the image of letters.

You can also invite younger schoolchildren to make letters from their fingers:

Letter A: index and middle fingers right hand are lowered down, the rest are clenched into a fist, and the index finger of the left hand forms a “belt”.

Letter O: the thumb and middle fingers form a ring.

Letter s: thumb the right hand is raised up, all the rest are clenched into a fist, the index finger of the left hand forms a separate stick.

Letter C: the index finger and thumb of the left hand form a semi-oval.

Letter T: The index finger of the right hand is raised vertically, and the index finger of the left hand is placed horizontally above them.

Letter L: slightly spread the index and middle fingers of the right hand downwards, and clench the remaining fingers into a fist.

Letter P: index fingers of both hands down, tips thumbs connected, the remaining fingers clenched into a fist.

Letter M: close the ends index fingers, lower them down along with your middle fingers, and clench the rest into a fist.

Letter D: the index and middle fingers of the right hand are lowered down and spread to the sides, and the rest are clenched into a fist; the index finger of the left hand forms a “crossbar” under the fingers of the right hand.

Letter G: the index fingers of both hands touch the tips at right angles.

Letter b: the thumb of the right hand is raised vertically, and the remaining fingers are clenched into a fist.

Letter Ш: the thumb and little finger of the right hand are connected, and the index, middle and ring fingers lift up.

Letter X: cross the index fingers of the right and left hands.

Letter E: the thumb and index fingers of the right hand form a semicircle, and the index finger of the left hand forms the “tongue” of the letter e.

Tasks on cards:

Find the letter you are studying among other letters and underline it.

Find words that begin with the letter you are studying.

Find the letter you are studying from letters written in different fonts.

Find the letter you are studying in various plot images.

Game "Stranger Letter".

The student has three letters printed on his card, two of which are already familiar and one is not. At the first stage of the game, the teacher names all the letters, at the second stage the student shows the letter being studied, at the third stage the student names all the letters.

Game "Bag".

The presenter has 5-10 (you can complicate the task by putting all the letters in the bag) plastic letters in an opaque bag. The presenter (teacher or one of the students) invites the players to choose a letter in the bag and, without removing their hand from the bag, guess based on tactile sensations and your own idea of the graphic image of letters, what kind of letter it is.

Option 2 of the game: the presenter offers to find the letter being studied in the bag.

Game "deformed letters".

There are many variations of this game:

The rodents decided to feast on the letters and chewed off some parts of the letters. Guess what these letters were.

The letters were walking in the clearing, suddenly it started to rain and the letters hid under an umbrella. Determine by individual elements which letters are under the umbrella.

The cat sharpened its claws on the letters and scratched them. Guess what these letters were.

The letters travel on the bus and only the top of the letters is visible in the window. Guess what these letters are.

Guess which letters are hidden in the house by looking at some of the protruding elements.

The letters decided to ride along the river, after they got into the boat, only the upper part of the letters became visible. Guess what these letters are.

The fish found letters in the water and bit them. Restore the original image of the letters.

The letters went for a walk, but then a huge dog ran out of nowhere. The letters quickly hid from her on the tree. Guess what these letters are?

Pencils fell on the words and covered parts of the words. What words are hidden behind the pencils?

Letters play hide and seek. Guess which letters are hidden behind the cubes.

Flowers grew in the clearing. What letters did they turn into?

Often, in order to better remember the image of a letter, children need to analyze its component parts, i.e. what elements are included in this letter. The following tasks contribute to this:

By applying the above games and exercises in your practice, you can achieve positive results: children will remember graphic images of letters and will no longer confuse them.

More modern parents They are of the opinion that after three it is too late. The list of what exactly is too late to vaccinate continues to grow endlessly, and the first items on it are occupied by reading skills.

Although speech therapists and teachers are sounding the alarm: children who learned to read at the age of 2-3 do it mechanically, without comprehending what they read, without understanding what is written. Of course, it’s nice to brag on the playground that your three-year-old son is already reading stories, but experts still recommend remaining prudent and waiting at least until his fourth birthday.

There are several main signs that a child is psychologically and physically ready to master the skill of reading.

The child speaks freely, pronounces all sounds clearly (there are no speech therapy problems).
Can conduct a sound-letter analysis of a word, distinguish “house” from “volume” both by sound and meaning.
Can count how many syllables are in a word.
Distinguishes between right and left, up and down.

If your child already has all these skills, you can buy primers. If there is still something to work on, we offer several interesting games that will help your child prepare for reading.

1. Fun letters

Preschoolers easily learn everything in the game, so sculpt letters from plasticine, draw them, color them (preferably with your fingers to connect and fine motor skills), display on semolina, fold from beads.

2. Find a match

We prepare two sets of letters, take one from ours and ask the child to find the same one in his pile. If there is only one set, please draw it.

3. First letter

We take five pictures from different fruits. For example, orange, pear, kiwi, plum, peach. And we give the child five letters (a, g, k, s, p), ask him to find which letter each word begins with and connect them.

4. Letter words

Take only those letters that the child has already memorized, start with simple ones - poppy, juice, cheese, cancer. You can further complicate it as needed.

5. Labyrinths

There are plenty of inexpensive labyrinth workbooks in bookstores. This game develops motor skills, attention, and the ability to draw a continuous line well. You need to make sure that the child changes the position of his hand, and not the sheet of paper.

6. Missing letters

This game is a little more complicated: you need to take a small text where the letters are missing in the words and ask the child to find and insert the necessary ones. Alternatively, you can ask the child to cross out one letter in the text, in each word where it appears. The text must be in large font.

7. Letters made from string

Write a letter on cardboard, ask your child to apply PVA glue to it, and then attach a string. You can make several of these crafts. And then, by touch, with your eyes closed, determine which letter is which.

8. Subject alphabet

Write the alphabet on a piece of paper. Separately prepare a box with various small items. It is necessary for the child to sort each of the objects into the letters with which their names begin.

9. Letters on the back

The mother writes a letter on the child’s back with her finger, and he tries to draw it on paper or simply guess it. Then you can switch roles.

10. Letter eater

Write the letters incompletely on a piece of paper, tell them that the Letter Eater ruined them and ask the child to complete them. At the end, check which letter you got.

In fact, there are a lot of game options and it all depends on your patience and imagination. We also need to be optimistic, because not everything our children succeed the first time, and they need constant encouragement and attention.

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I am a journalist, translator, certified yoga instructor. But, perhaps, to a greater extent, she is the mother of two beloved children. The “Unideal Parents” project is my attempt to find answers to my maternal questions. Due to my profession, I have the opportunity to communicate with specialists, masters of their craft. The results of our cooperation are on the pages of this site. I hope we answer your questions too...

Games in pictures for children 4-5 years old

Assignments for children in the middle group of kindergarten on the topic “Learning to read”

Exercise 1

Name the items in each group. Match them with the letter their names begin with.

Task 2

What letter do these words start with? Complete the item whose name begins with the desired letter in each group.

Task 3

Connect objects whose names begin with the same letter.

Task 4

Connect objects whose names end with the same letter.

Task 5

Color the extra picture in each group. What letter do the names of the pictures begin with?

Task 6

Choose and color only those pictures whose names contain the letter “W”.

Task 7

Color only those objects that have the letter “L” in their names.

Task 8

Color only those objects whose names contain the letter “P”.

Task 9

Color only those objects that have the letter “K” in their names.

Task 10

Name the pictures. Connect them in a chain: in the first word - the name of the picture, the sound [M] is at the beginning of the word, in the second the sound [M] is in the middle of the word, in the third the sound [M] is at the end of the word.

Task 11

In the name of which object is the sound [D] heard, and which - the sound [T]?

Task 12

In the name of which object is the sound [B] heard, and which - the sound [P]?

Task 13

In the name of which object is the sound [Z] heard, and which - the sound [S]?

Task 14

Where is the sound [P] in words: at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of the word? Match the diagrams with the appropriate words.

Task 15

How many sounds are in each word - the name of the picture? Name them. Match the pictures with the correct numbers.

Task 16

What sounds do the names of these objects begin with? If you remove the first sounds in these names, you get different words. Which?

Check yourself.

Fishing rod - daughter; fly - ear; beads - mustache; thunderstorm - rose.

Task 17

Say the names of these objects. In which words does the first sound sound hard? Color the square next to this word blue. In which words does the first sound sound soft? Color the square green.

Task 18

Match each picture with the syllable with which its name begins.

Task 19

Combine words with one syllable with one square, words with two syllables with two squares, and words with three syllables with three squares.

Teaching reading to preschoolers in game form- it's fascinating and unusual option conducting classes. Children on entertaining lessons They don’t just memorize letters and put them into syllables. They are completely immersed in the process, trying to complete as many interesting tasks as possible, and acquire the skill of reading without pressure from parents and teachers. We will tell you in our article which games to teach reading for older preschoolers to choose.

Age characteristics of preschoolers

Future first-graders aged 5-7 years are interesting creatures. They are curious about everything new, they absorb information well, but this period has its own characteristics. They should be taken into account before planning the workload and drawing up a work plan for a reading lesson:

Kindergarten children speak well and constantly expand their vocabulary.
Attention becomes voluntary.
Kids love to reason and delve into the essence of a matter or question.
Self-esteem and awareness of oneself as an individual grows.
Play remains the main form of acquiring knowledge.

The following simple recommendations from teachers and experienced parents will help you achieve success in learning to read:

Make classes interesting, but full of new information. If a child gets bored, then attention will quickly switch to extraneous matters, conversations, objects. But this does not mean that a preschooler only needs to be entertained. Alternate games and serious tasks every 5-7 minutes.
A variety of lesson forms will ensure high-quality knowledge acquisition. Don't use the same games. Little ones get bored with the same type of coloring books, puzzles, walkers, so make a rich library of games.
It is better to exercise every day for 15 minutes than 2 times a week for an hour. Short daily lessons are more effective than lengthy learning sessions every now and then. Learning to read requires regular practice.
Don't put pressure on children. Swearing, screaming, explanations bordering on hysteria and misunderstanding of the reasons for mistakes and difficulties in assimilating information lead to rejection. The child will hate school and books even before he gets to know them thoroughly.
Take breaks for exercise. Switching attention is necessary to relax the brain and eyes.
Use different shapes submission of a new one. Presentations, interactive games, online testers.
Play in class not for fun, but for the sake of an accessible form of presenting information. The choice of tasks should be approached taking into account the children’s progress in reading, the speed of grasping new things, and the level of general development.

Game-based learning: pros and cons

Teaching a child to read at the age of 5-6, built in a playful form, has a lot of positive aspects. The effectiveness of the lessons can be explained age characteristics older preschool children, with an increased level of curiosity for everything new and bright.

Advantages of the method:

The child does not get tired or lose interest in the process of receiving new information.
Each lesson can be built according to an individual plan, choosing diverse tasks from a rich card index.
The preschooler is directly involved in the creation of handouts and demonstration materials for the lesson. For example, draws letters, sculpts or cuts out of paper for applique.
Reading is not brought to the forefront of the lesson. Letters, syllables, and words are learned gradually by the child.
During game lessons, a child develops intellectually, creatively, and psychologically.
The children's team unites.
If the lesson is taught in a group, you can focus on the competitive aspect of the games. Children have a desire to do well, read and learn better than others.

Disadvantages of the method:

The teacher may have problems with discipline. Excited children often play around and do not listen to the instructions of the teacher or parent.
Games and puzzles take up a lot of time.
The transition to traditional methods of presenting information necessary for learning to read is difficult for preschoolers to perceive; it takes time to switch attention.

This is interesting! In America and Israel, the game moment is necessarily included in every lesson with kindergarteners and primary schoolchildren. Teachers even take a special exam for the “ability” to teach while playing.

Before starting a reading course, draw up a rough work plan, a program for 6 months or a year:

Start by learning and memorizing letters. Use Zaitsev's cube technique as an assistant.
Automate their search and naming. Make crafts from plasticine, decorate letter symbols, choose words that have the same sound.
Gradually combine the sounds into syllables, invite the child to compose simple words independently, look for them in pictures, write. Play, search for letters, associations. This helps the sounds blend together.
Read the words separately and in small sentences. At this stage, use tasks that involve finding names for pictures, solving puzzles, and crosswords.
Try reading short texts. At the initial stage, select stories from the card index to read with your mother together, with pictures instead of words. Make the task more difficult gradually. Take Zhukova's ABC book to help.

Important! At 5-6 years old, do not demand reading speed from your child. The main task of teaching in the preschool period is skill automation. Tempo and technique will come on your own or with the help of special lessons later.

Games

There are many interesting games for teaching reading to children 6-7 years old. We have collected the most exciting ones, those that preschoolers are sure to enjoy. Download the assignments from the website, print them on your home printer and study.

Learning letters

The preschooler's task: find pictures with a specific letter.

You need to select the images correctly: simple, understandable and familiar to the kindergartener.

You can start with these:

Kids can play individually or in pairs. In lesson 2-3, after learning a few letters, you can organize a competition.

Read by first letter

The game is unusual, but very effective for developing the speed of thinking and reading in the future. The child needs to remember the name of the objects, highlight the first letter in the word and pronounce only it, placing a card with the letter on the picture.

For example, take the first line on the form. Fox - Christmas tree - Sun. The preschooler should get a FOREST.

For variety, print out pictures for each pair of students rather than per class. Gradually make the game more difficult. Give children words of 4-5 letters.

Find the letter

The child is offered educational cards where the letters are mixed and printed in different fonts and formats. The preschooler's task is to find the desired sign and circle it with a pencil.

As an additional exercise: you can come up with a couple more words for a given letter, find objects in the room whose names begin with them. Use these fun cards for your lesson.

Collect words from letters

Purpose of the game: put the letters in in the right order, sign the picture.
The child calls the right word, then listens to himself and selects letters to write in the boxes.

You need to create handouts together with the children. You will need pictures of animals, a couple of sheets of blank paper, and pencils. There is a “surprise” hidden under every syllable.

During the game, the child focuses on associations with animal sounds, learns letters and syllable reading. The game is suitable for children from 4 years old.

Board games

These can be walkers, lotto, homemade cards for folding in a certain order. It is the tabletop adventures that children perceive best. The game is fun, to complete the steps you need to be able to read syllables or learn letters in the process.

Print out the following walkers for the lesson:

To determine the sequence of moves and the number of steps, children will need dice and knowledge of counting. Adults will have to help the kids a little so that they don’t get confused and play according to the rules.

Let's read together

An exciting game that will appeal to adults and children. There is text printed on the sheet, some words are encrypted with pictures. When reading, you need to insert them in words so that the thread of the story is not lost. While playing, the baby develops attention, reading skills, and vocabulary.

Tasks

Coloring books, puzzles, puzzles, and creative workshops increase a preschooler’s interest in the learning process and help create an atmosphere of friendship and understanding. Reading learning tasks have one important feature - they are multifunctional. Kids not only learn to read, but also develop motor skills, imagination, fantasy, thinking, and speech. Do without interesting ideas for exercises and games to teach children to read preschool age It's simply impossible.

Find the letters and color them

Choose themed coloring pages. They may contain additional tasks, for example, color only those objects that begin with the letter “B”, color small images of letters, do not touch capital letters, etc.

Find the letters in the picture

When a preschool child lives in a family, he wants to quickly show the world, tell him what the alphabet is, and teach them the alphabet and numbers. But too early such exercises will not bring any results, because physiological characteristics No one has canceled children and they must be taken into account.

For example, from the age of 2, a child consciously learns about the world through touch, taste and vision, but at this time it is almost impossible to interest him in studying, since the child’s mind does not yet understand the meaning of numbers and letters.

Children most often begin to learn letters from the age of 4, because he already begins to analyze his actions and little by little understand why he needs to learn. Moreover, this will take little time - 10-15 minutes a day.

At 6–7, children’s memory, thinking and perception improve, so they are probably ready to play school. So if your baby has not shown any interest in learning before, now is the time to teach him new activities.

Maria Monsessori is a famous Spanish teacher who founded her own school for children and proposed one of the most famous methods that will help your child learn the alphabet through games. It consists of 4 parts and is designed for children of any age from 3 to 6 or even 7 years.

Drawing in the sand - developing speech

Before a child can write letters correctly and quickly, he needs to develop his hand muscles and strengthen his fingers, which will soon have to hold a pen quite often. So the first Montessori game is finger drawing in the sand. If you don’t have the opportunity to go to the beach, then just pour a little semolina onto a baking sheet on which the lesson will take place. Start drawing something simple, for example, a smiling emoticon, a sun or a Christmas tree, and let your baby repeat everything after you. When you move on to more complex drawings, then work with your child together: he drew the head, you drew the body, and so on.

"Rough letters"

The next exercise that will help you learn the alphabet by playing is called “Rough Letters,” which involves the presence of special letters. You can buy them in an online store or watch an instructional video that tells you how to make them for children yourself.

Next, we show the child one letter and tell him how to pronounce it, then let the child repeat the sound he heard after you. At the end, we definitely give the opportunity to touch the card with the letter, while pronouncing its sound and show an object that begins with the learned letter.

You need to work through three letters at a time and repeat what you have already learned at the beginning of each lesson. If the child has forgotten something from the previous material, then feel free to add the forgotten “comrade” to the new three from the alphabet.

All other educational ways to teach letters for kids can be read in Marie-Hélène Place’s book “Learning Letters Using the Montessori Method.”

Methods and exercises for children from 4 to 6 years old

Mosaic letters

As mentioned above, 4 years is the best period for learning and memorizing. At this time, you can already use a mosaic, from which the child will have to put together the letter named by the parent. In mosaic, it is easier to teach how to write letters with horizontal lines, but to complicate the task, ask to make a letter of a certain color, small or large.

"ABC from plasticine"

The next version of the game with a child already 5 and 6 years old is “ABC from plasticine”. Draw the outline of the letters on the modeling board with a pencil and ask your child to sculpt a specific letter from plasticine. When you learn them well, you can complicate the task by completing the task quickly. “ABC” is good for playing with a child because it helps to quickly memorize the alphabet and develop finger motor skills.

There are many more techniques that are suitable for small children. For some of them, you need to make “inventory” with your own hands, which videos from the Internet will undoubtedly help you with.

Educational computer games for learning numbers

Children are very attracted to technology, including computers. And there is nothing wrong with girls and boys, starting from the age of 4, learning and memorizing numbers by playing on a laptop. After all, there are videos, techniques, educational toys online that can correctly teach you to remember numbers. For example, an online program where a child must color a certain number in the color he likes, and the more often he colors it, the faster he will remember it.

If your child is already 5-6 years old, then more complex simulators are chosen, such as “Find a pair - addition”, “Find a pair - subtraction” and with their help they study calculation and addition. These toys are made in the form of closed squares, which the player opens, remembers what is written there (for example, 7+3=) and looks for the correct answer to it.

If you don’t touch the computer, simple exercises will help you remember the numbers. For example, while walking down the street, ask your child to remember the license plate of a car parked in the yard or find a specific number in it. Funny poems, songs and counting rhymes that are easy to remember and tell about something interesting are good for memorization from a very young age.

As you can see, there are a lot of ways to teach a child to pronounce letters and memorize numbers: methods of popular teachers and psychologists (in addition to the work of Montessori, the methods of Zaitsev and Polyakov are common), educational videos, educational toys and exercises.

The methods cope with their task provided that educational process happens correctly - they do not force the child to study in a bad mood, do not raise their voice, do not demand too much and are proud of even minimal achievements. And most importantly, the chosen method must correspond to the age and abilities of the baby.

If you see that a preschooler is interested in learning, wants to constantly learn something new and quickly figure out what is written on store signs, then the ABC will be an ideal first book that the child will be interested in studying.