Introduction of pensions for collective farmers. Soviet pensions: as it was under Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev

At the AVERAGE pension of a collective farmer under Brezhnev is 35 rubles.

Collected information on size minimum and average pensions in the USSR on years.

This is data average pensions in WHOLE in the USSR (urban and rural population).

Information on collective farm I didn’t find pensions in the USSR, but I did find statistics on the amount collective farm pensions according to the RSFSR, but I think the statistics for the entire USSR will not differ much from the RSFSR:

1965 - 12.5 rubles
1970 - 14.1 rubles
1980 - 34.8 rubles
1985 - 47.5 rubles
1989 - 75.1 rub.

As seen, average Soviet pension collective farmer in 1981 was less 35 rubles.

By the way, this completely corresponds to the information that I heard as a child from the residents of my grandfather’s village (Mogilev region). The fact is that I was always very curious - what, where, how much, who gets how much, etc... I always listened to conversations with open ears rural residents. Therefore, I remember very well that pensions of 35 rubles were the norm in the early 80s. My grandfather had an incredibly high pension - 70 rubles, because he worked in a collective farm office and one of THREE people on the entire collective farm received a salary in money, not in workdays. And my grandmother and all my neighbors had pensions of 35-40 rubles. It’s just that until I came across these documents, it was inconvenient to refer to “one grandmother in the village said”

And here's what happened with minimum pension in the USSR (from the directory above):

As can be seen from the table, in 1981 in the USSR there were about 32 million pensioners, quarter of which she received not the average, but minimum pension. Minimum pension collective farmer since 1981 amounted to 28 rubles, and before that 12 rubles. "City" minimum pensions were higher - accordingly 50 And 40 rubles per month.

If your personal plot exceeded a certain area, then you were paid less pension. And if someone thinks that at 70 years old, cultivating a garden is a piece of cake, and in the countryside pensions are not needed at all, then let them go and try to live like this for at least a month (even healthy young people).

The maximum amount of an old-age pension on a general basis was 132 rubles.
Maximum pension amount on the collective farm amounted to 102 rubles.

And here is an interesting decree of the Council of Ministers of the BSSR from 1979 “On ADDITIONAL MEASURES TO INVOLVE PENSIONERS TO WORK IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY” (in the USSR this decree was called the Decree of the CPSU Central Committee and the Council of Ministers of the USSR, decree of September 11, 1979 N 850 “On measures on material incentives for the work of pensioners in the national economy"

In which it was proposed to persuade pensioners, instead of retiring, to continue working on the collective farm, but receive 10 rub extra charge for each year worked after retirement, but the total amount of bonuses should not exceed 40 rub.

In principle, an understandable and logical law... In those days, the villages were almost deserted, there was no one to work there.

According to USSR population census data, the percentage of rural residents decreased from 61 % in 1950 to 37 % in 1980, and at the time of the collapse of the USSR it was 33% . There is one interesting thing here "BUT". This only percentage of rural residents generally, because numerous rural villages and urban settlements (lumberjacks, miners, etc...) - this is also a rural area, but NOT collective farms. This means that the collective farm population was even smaller. That is, some fourth or fifth of the population was trying to feed the entire country!

Pensions in the USSR: Social reforms 1917-1990.

Pensions in the USSR: Social reforms 1917-1990

The creation of social security bodies of the Soviet period began literally in the first days after the October Revolution. So, already on October 29 (November 11, new style) 1917, the head of the new government, Vladimir Lenin, signed a decree on the creation of the People's Commissariat of State Charity.

Already on October 30 (November 12), Lenin had a conversation with Alexandra Kollontai, who, after extensive experience in party work at the beginning of the 20th century, was invited to the post of first minister in the Soviet government. The choice of candidate for the post of People's Commissar of Charity was not accidental.

Alexandra Kollontai headed the People's Commissariat of State Charity for only a few months: from October 30, 1917 to March 19, 1918. But even for this short term The activities of the first People's Commissar of Charity played a crucial role in the formation of guardianship bodies in the Soviet Republic - in the emergency conditions of two wars (world and civil), with a huge flow of wounded soldiers and people left without a livelihood.

In August 1918, pensions were introduced for disabled people of the Red Army, and in 1923 - for party activists (“Old Bolsheviks”). In 1928 - for workers in the mining and textile industries. Universal pensions for urban workers and employees will be introduced only in 1937.

Pension provision for military personnel in the first years Soviet power was regulated by the resolution of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR dated October 29, 1924 “On approval of the Code of Laws on benefits and advantages for military personnel of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army and the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Fleet of the USSR and members of their families.”

Literally on the eve of the Great Patriotic War On June 5, 1941, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR adopted a resolution “On pension provision for military personnel and members of their families,” which determined the size of the pension depending on wages and the causes of disability of military personnel.

With the end of the NEP period and the beginning of collectivization in 1929, the standard of living of the working population fell rapidly.

In the pre-war period (before the start of the Great Patriotic War), the minimum standard of living for workers - in terms of the ratio of wages and the cost of the consumer basket - was recorded in 1940. It was half the standard of living of a Russian worker in 1913.

As for the peasants, their situation in the country for a long time has not changed since the period of serfdom. Peasants did not receive pensions in pre-revolutionary Russia. Under Soviet rule, rural workers still remained virtually powerless. Until the 60s, when during the Khrushchev “thaw” significant changes took place in the social sphere. At the same time, the formation of the Soviet pension system, which became universal for the first time, was basically completed.

In 1956, the USSR adopted the Law “On state pensions».

In 1964, with the adoption of the Law “On Pensions and Benefits to Collective Farm Members,” collective farmers received pension rights for the first time in the Soviet Union.

Since the 1960s, the USSR pension system has included two basic components: pensions for workers and employees of state enterprises and pensions for collective farmers. For the first time, a universal right to receive an old-age pension was legislated.

In the period 1973-1974, disability and survivors' pensions were introduced.

Some categories of workers were entitled to receive a pension for long service, but these norms, like many other exceptions to general rule the appointment of pensions in the Soviet Union was regulated by separate laws.

Pension provision in the USSR was virtually free for workers. In the absence of insurance contributions from citizens' income, pensions were financed from public consumption funds.

Sources pension payments were formed from the state budget and deductions from the wage fund of enterprises (the deduction rate ranged from 4% to 12%, depending on the field of activity).

Another distinctive feature of the Soviet pension system is the low retirement age: 60 years for men and 55 years for women. This level has remained unchanged since the early 1930s, when it was established based on the results of a commission survey of men and women workers retiring due to disability. The findings of the commissions boiled down to the following conclusion: “By the age of 55, the majority of women and by the age of 60, the majority of men lose the opportunity to continue working.”

On the one hand, early retirement age was considered one of the special privileges of workers under socialism. On the other hand, increasing the age limit was unprofitable for the state: early retirement was a kind of compensation for the low amount of pension payments.

In addition, the state used the level of pension service as an effective tool for regulating employment: preferential retirement age - when it was possible to retire much earlier than 60 and 55 years - was established at hazardous conditions labor, as well as for those working in extreme climatic conditions, for example, in the Far North and Far East. Moreover, all regional and sectoral benefits were provided exclusively through government funding. Like many other pension privileges, of which there were many throughout Soviet history.

The system of pension privileges in the USSR began to take shape already in the first years of Soviet power.

First Decree of the Council of People's Commissars " On personal pensions for persons who have exceptional services to the republic"was published on February 16, 1923, with amendments and additions in the Decree of April 24 of the same year.

Regardless of specific merits to the state, throughout the Soviet period of pensions there were three categories of pension privileges: pensioners of union, republican and local significance.

Traditionally, the right to receive a personal pension was given to outstanding scientists, honored party workers, as well as holders of honorary titles and awards: Heroes Soviet Union, Heroes of Socialist Labor, full holders of the Order of Glory (three degrees).

The size of the union pension was 250 rubles per month. Republican and local significance - 160 and 140 rubles per month, respectively. Along with regular cash payments, personal pensioners received an annual supplement for health improvement - in the amount of one or two monthly pensions.

Personal pension rates were relatively low compared to departmental allowances.

For example, full members of the USSR Academy of Sciences received a bonus for academic title in the amount of 500 rubles per month. Corresponding members – 400 rubles. The additional payment for the rank was paid for life: first in the form of a salary supplement, then as a pension.

Military pensioners also had a special position in the USSR. The pension level of retired officers was on average twice the level of civilian pensions. For example, retired officers of the army and security agencies received a pension salary of 250 rubles per month, employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs - 220 rubles. The level of pensions for senior command personnel started from 300 rubles per month.

At the same time, officers in senior positions were one of the few categories of pensioners in the Soviet Union who had the privilege of continuing to serve without age restrictions. Which in itself was a significant increase in retirement income.

Despite the variety of pension privileges, including compensation for special working conditions, the average level pension provision in the USSR still remained quite low relative to pension income in European countries, including inferior to the European countries of the so-called “socialist camp”.

One of the reasons for this situation was imperfect pension legislation. In the Soviet Union, there was no legislative provision for the possibility of indexing pension payments in connection with changes in the external and internal economic situation. They changed much more often than there was a real increase in pensions in the country. Also, the regulations for changing the rates of minimum and maximum pensions depending on salary growth were not prescribed.

Pension problems in the country worsened sharply in the late 80s. At that time, there was a whole complex of reasons why this happened.

The financial condition of the USSR pension system depended entirely on the dynamics of filling the state budget. In turn, the country's budget was almost entirely dependent on the dynamics of world oil prices.

In the mid-1980s, falling energy prices led the Soviet economy into a state of collapse: the outflow of foreign exchange earnings sharply reduced the overall level of national income, followed by an avalanche-like drop in production volumes.

Already at the end of the 80s, the level of the state budget deficit increased to 10% of GDP. Social programs, including pensions, were curtailed in all areas.

But the oil crisis of the 80s only exposed the problems of the Soviet pension system, and did not at all become their cause.

The number of pensioners in the USSR has increased significantly over the past 30 years: from approximately 14 million to 34 million from 1961 to 990. At the same time, social contribution rates for enterprises remained virtually unchanged. The share of government funding for pensions has increased steadily. By 1980, the share of subsidies from the Union budget in the state social insurance fund reached 60%.

In pursuance of the USSR law “On urgent measures to improve pension provision and social services for the population,” a resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers of December 30, 1989 “On the tariffs of contributions for state social insurance for trade unions” was adopted.

The adopted changes to regulate pension savings in the USSR in the new economic conditions were in effect, however, for a very short time: from January 1, 1990 to January 1, 1991.

As for the general shortcomings of the distribution pension system that developed in the Soviet Union, the most important of them were as follows.

Firstly, the lack of a uniform pension strategy with unified rules for assigning pensions. The multiplicity of options for pension schemes, along with additional social benefits and privileges (regional, sectoral, status and others), gave rise to an opaque and extremely cumbersome system for calculating individual pensions.

Secondly, the selectivity of the action of pension law, which became especially noticeable with the adoption of the law on entrepreneurial activity in the USSR. The massive emergence of private enterprises and the development of forms of independent employment actually deprived the most active groups of the population of the right to pensions.

Thirdly, regarding early age retirement (60 years for men and 55 years for women) in the context of a general “aging” of the population increased the burden on the pension system, and above all on the state budget. The critical dependence of the USSR pension system on budgetary filling led to a critically low margin of safety of the country's social system as a whole.

Despite the fact that the country’s constitution declared universal social guarantees, the general standard of living in last years the existence of the USSR sharply decreased, including due to an increase in the proportion of the population of retirement age. According to living standards studies conducted in the 1980s, up to 80% of the poor in the Soviet Union were pensioners, mostly older and older people.

53 years ago it was significantly expanded pension provision for Soviet citizens.

On July 14, 1956, the USSR Law “On State Pensions” was adopted, which provided for old-age, disability and survivor pensions. Disability pensions were established not only for workers and employees, but also for private military personnel, sergeants and senior officers of conscript service, students of higher, secondary specialized and other educational institutions. For family members of these categories, pensions were provided in the event of the loss of a breadwinner.

The law enshrined the basic principles of the Soviet pension system:

guaranteed state pensions without any deductions from workers' earnings;

payment of pensions at the expense of all-Union funds;

uniform grounds for pension provision (old age, disability, loss of a breadwinner);

uniform age and uniform requirements for the length of service required to grant a pension;

a unified procedure for calculating the amount of pensions from earnings with an advantage for low-paid categories of workers.

The calculation of each worker's pension was based on the size of his salary. A full pension was provided to men over sixty years of age with at least twenty-five years of work experience and women over fifty-five years of age with at least twenty years of work experience.

Long-term work in one place was also welcomed. Some categories of workers were provided with an additional pension for long service. Pension supplements were awarded for continuous work experience. Pensioners who depend on disabled family members also received an allowance. The state also encouraged working pensioners. In addition to their salary, they were partially or fully paid a pension.

Eight years later, with the introduction in 1964 of the pension system for collective farmers, which was described a year ago on July 15, a unified state pension system was created in the country. It ensured the standard of living of Soviet pensioners for almost thirty years.

In May 1990, the USSR Law “On pension provision for citizens in the USSR” was adopted.

In the same year, the RSFSR Law “On State Pensions in the RSFSR” was adopted, which practically blocked the action of the union law and established new pension rules. The Pension Fund of Russia was created for the first time as an independent off-budget credit and financial system.

In the future, the pension system in Russian Federation reformed several times. The currently valid Federal Law "On labor pensions in the Russian Federation,” adopted in 2001, has already gone through several editions and many changes.

The operating procedure of the Supreme Court of the USSR was the topic of the day last year.

Collective farmers' pensions

44 years ago, a unified pension system for collective farmers was introduced.

The “Stalinist” Constitution adopted in 1936 enshrined the right of USSR citizens to material security in old age, as well as in case of illness and disability. However, state system there was no social security for rural residents. Social security for collective farmers was entrusted to agricultural artels, where collective farmers could create funds to help the disabled, the elderly and other needy rural residents. Payments were often in kind and were not mandatory. The law on state pensions and benefits for collective farmers caused a great public outcry. Three types of pensions were established: old age, disability, and loss of a breadwinner. Collective farmers received the right to maternity benefits. The size of state pensions and benefits for collective farmers was set lower than that of workers and employees, however, the state took upon itself the obligation to gradually increase them. Currently, the Russian social security system meets international standards. However, the amount of pensions and benefits remains at a critically low level.

The Historical Document column will introduce you to regulations adopted many years ago. We will try to select documents that are outstanding representatives of their time and have had a significant impact on the life and history of Russia, its citizens, and, in some cases, the history of our entire planet.

Collective farmers were not paid pensions

In the USSR, collective farmers were not entitled to pensions. The myth is used to create an image of the humiliated and disadvantaged position of the peasantry in the USSR.

Examples of using

“A particularly difficult lot fell on the peasants (collective farmers were not entitled to pensions, vacations, they did not have passports, could not leave the village without permission from the authorities, paid a land tax, etc.)” 1).

“The pension system did not cover peasants” 2).

Reality

In 1935, the Constitution of the USSR enshrined the right of all citizens of the country to pension provision. There was no unified pension fund at that time, payment social benefits for incapacity and old age was assigned directly to the artels, which were supposed to create for this purpose social fund 3) and a mutual aid fund.

Also, by the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks "On benefits for elderly collective farmers and individual farmers" dated September 8, 1937, the farms of collective farmers and individual farmers who were disabled due to advanced age (60 years or more) and not having able-bodied members in the family 4).

“The Model Charter of the Agricultural Artel of 1935 (Article 11) obliged the collective farm board, by decision of the general meeting of the artel members, to create a social fund to provide assistance to the disabled, the elderly, collective farmers who have temporarily lost their ability to work, needy families of military personnel, to maintain kindergartens, nurseries and orphans. The fund was to be created from the harvest and livestock products received by the collective farm in an amount not exceeding 2% of the total gross output of the collective farm. The collective farm, whenever possible, allocated products and funds to the relief fund. At their discretion, collective farms could also establish permanent pensions for elderly collective farmers and disabled workers by monthly issuing them food, money, or accruing workdays. Amounts and procedure for pension provision (retirement age and required to receive a pension seniority) were determined by a general meeting of members of the artel or a meeting of authorized representatives" 5).

So until the end of the 60s, collective farmers also received a pension, it was simply issued not by the state, but by the collective farm itself. In addition to pensions from the collective farm, specialists and disabled people of the Great Patriotic War could additionally receive a state pension. “The number of such collective farmers was small. In the Vologda region in 1963, there were only 8.5 thousand retired collective farmers, which amounted to no more than 10% of the total number of elderly members of agricultural cooperatives” 6).

For workers and employees, state pensions were established in 1956 by the law on state pensions 7).

With the release in 1964 of the “Law on Pensions and Benefits to Members of Collective Farms” 8), the final formation of the USSR pension system took place and the state completely assumed the responsibility for paying pensions. At the same time, the resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers specifically noted that collective farms, at their own discretion, can save their pension payments - in addition to the state pension.

In all subsequent years, there has been a gradual equalization of the pension provision of collective farmers with that of workers and employees, thanks to the faster growth rates of pensions for collective farmers.

wiki.istmat.info

Pension reform began to develop in the late 60s of the last century. During the period of formation of pension policy, more than 80 bills on pension payments were introduced. To understand the essence of today's pension reform, every citizen should know where it all began, so today we will talk about the most important historical moments of the reform of USSR pensioners.

When did it appear?

Pensions in the USSR originated in 1956, namely on July 14 after the signing of the relevant law.

The adopted bill contained the following important points, How:

general requirements of the pension system;

age criteria and period of work experience;

procedure for payment of pensions;

unified calculation procedure;

the amount of pension contributions for different categories citizens.

10 years after the above bill, a new pension system was developed, as a result of which all pension payments were made at the expense of the state.

Plus of the Soviet pension system- all citizens of the country received a minimum level of pension.

Characteristics of the USSR pension reform

Let us highlight the main features of the USSR pension reform:

Retirement age does not differ from the current indicators - 55 and 60 years (women and men, respectively).

The pension was assigned in the following categories:

The pension was granted subject to the following conditions:

reaching the appropriate age;
total experience from 5 years;
length of service before making pension contributions - 3 years or more.

Average pension figures

The total volume of pension payments in the USSR depended on the salary and the number of years worked.

Pension payments for rural residents were 15% lower than the size of pension payments for city employees!

Thus, the average figures for pension contributions in the city varied from 70-120 rubles per month.

But there were also higher figures, for example, the head of a large organization could receive 250 rubles a month after receiving a pension.

Citizens who did not officially work received social payments in the amount of 35 rubles.

Except base size pension payments, citizens could count on allowances on the part of the state, subject to the following conditions:

age 65 years;
presence of Russian citizenship;
parliamentary activity before 1994 for at least 1 year.

At the moment, the draft law has not been approved by the State Duma. The main reason for refusal is the high amount of budget expenses.

Pension payments to collective farmers

Currently there is a misconception that Soviet times collective farmers did not receive pension contributions.

In reality, pensions were paid to all categories of citizens of the country, but from different financial sources. Thus, collective farmers received pensions from artels, which created their own fund for making pension payments.

The created fund was supposed to pay for the pension in the form of cash payments, food products, or additional workdays were accrued. The amount of pension payments was established separately for each collective farmer at a general meeting of artel members or at a meeting of authorized persons.

Let's highlight the main features:

age 60 and 65 years (women and men, respectively);
experience - from 20 years;
minimum pension indicators - 12 rubles;
maximum criteria - 102 rubles;
the pension amount was calculated from half the salary for the last 2 years of work or for any 5 years of work activity;
citizens of retirement age could continue working if they wished;
The following were entitled to additional benefits and increases:
- pregnant women;
- ladies caring for a child under 3 years old;
- persons with dependents in their care;
- disabled people.
- maximum retirement age;
- experience;
- average monthly pension, etc.

The proposed law, issued on July 15, 1964, for the first time in Soviet history, establishes old-age, disability and survivor pensions for all collective farmers. Pension salaries were set significantly lower than those introduced for workers and employees (especially in the original version of the law; subsequent amendments increased them slightly). The law was in effect until the 1990s.

The Soviet people, under the leadership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, have achieved, especially in the last decade, enormous successes in communist construction, in the development of the country's productive forces, and created a powerful, comprehensively developed economy. This allows the Soviet state to systematically improve the well-being of the people and more fully satisfy their growing needs.

Currently, it is possible to introduce a more sustainable social security system on collective farms by establishing old-age, disability, survivors' pensions and maternity benefits for female collective farm members.

There should be no egalitarian approach to pension provision for collective farmers. The higher the labor productivity of collective farmers, the more products the collective farm produces and sells to the state per hectare of arable land, the higher its income and the level of contributions to Pension Fund, the larger the pensions for collective farmers should be. Those collective farmers who work well and make a greater contribution to social production should be better provided for.

The establishment of a state system of social security for collective farmers will be a new important incentive to further increase the labor activity of the collective farm peasantry and increase the production of agricultural products.

The amounts of pensions provided for by this Law will in the future, as the national income grows, in particular the income of collective farms, will gradually increase to the level of state pensions assigned to workers and employees.

The Supreme Council of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics decides:

I. General provisions

Article 1. Members of collective farms have the right to old-age and disability pensions.

Disabled members of the families of deceased collective farmers, if they were dependent on them, are entitled to a survivor's pension.

Article 2. Women members of collective farms have the right to maternity benefits.

Article 3. Collective farmers and members of their families who are simultaneously entitled to different pensions are assigned one pension of their choice.

Former members of collective farms and their families, pensions under this Law are assigned on the same basis as persons who are members of collective farms and their families..

Article 4. Payment of pensions and benefits in accordance with this Law is ensured at the expense of collective farms and the state without any deductions from the income of collective farm members.

Article 5. Pensions are not subject to taxes.

II. Pensions

Article 6. Members of collective farms have the right to an old-age pension:

men - upon reaching 60 years of age and with at least 25 years of work experience;

women - upon reaching 55 years of age and with at least 20 years of work experience;

disabled military personnel who have become disabled as a result of a wound, concussion or injury received while defending the USSR or while performing other military service duties, or as a result of an illness associated with being at the front: men - upon reaching 55 years of age and with at least 25 years of work experience ; women - upon reaching 50 years of age and with at least 20 years of work experience;

members of collective farms who have worked in the Far North for at least 15 years calendar years, and in areas equated to the regions of the Far North - at least 20 calendar years: men - upon reaching 55 years of age and with at least 25 years of work experience; women - upon reaching 50 years of age and with at least 20 years of work experience.

Article 7. Women members of a collective farm who have given birth to five or more children and raised them until the age of eight are entitled to an old-age pension upon reaching 50 years of age and having worked for at least 15 years.

Article 8. Old-age pensions for members of collective farms are assigned in the amounts provided for in Article 13 of the USSR Law “On State Pensions” for workers and employees (except for those who worked underground, in work with hazardous working conditions and in hot shops). At the same time, the increase in pensions provided for in part five of Article 13 of the USSR Law “On State Pensions” is not carried out.

The minimum old-age pension is set at 40 rubles per month, for pensions paid for at least 10 years - 50 rubles.

Article 9. Members of a collective farm have the right to a disability pension in the event of disability of group I or II (regardless of the cause of disability), as well as disability of group III due to a work injury or occupational disease.

(with amendments and additions introduced by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of September 26, 1967)

Article 10. Disability pensions due to work injury or occupational disease are assigned to members of collective farms regardless of length of service.

Disability pensions due to a general illness or injury not related to work are assigned to collective farm members if they have the following length of service at the time of applying for a pension:

│ Age │Work experience (in years)│

│ ├──────────┬──────────┤

│ │ men │ women │

│Until age 20 │ 1 │ 1 │

│From 20 years to 23 years old │ 2 │ 1 │

│From 23 years old to 26 years old │ 3 │ 2 │

│From 26 years to 31 years old │ 5 │ 3 │

│From 31 years old to 36 years old │ 7 │ 5 │

│From 36 years to 41 years old │ 10 │ 7 │

│From 41 years old to 46 years old │ 12 │ 9 │

│From 46 years to 51 years old │ 14 │ 11 │

│From 51 years old to 56 years old │ 16 │ 13 │

│From 56 years to 61 years old │ 18 │ 14 │

│From 61 years and older │ 20 │ 15 │

Article 11. Disability pensions due to work injury or occupational disease to members of collective farms are assigned in the following amounts:

disabled people of group I in the amount of 110 percent, disabled people of group II - 100 percent of the old-age pension, calculated in accordance with Article 8 of this Law as a percentage of earnings;

disabled people of group III in the amounts provided for in Article 22 of the USSR Law “On State Pensions” for workers and employees (except for those who worked in underground work, in work with hazardous working conditions, in hot shops and other work with difficult working conditions).

The minimum amounts of disability pensions due to a work injury or occupational disease are established: for disability group I - 75 rubles; for group II – 40 rubles, for pensions paid for at least 10 years – 50 rubles; for group III - 21 rubles per month, for pensions paid for at least 10 years - 30 rubles per month.

Disability pensions due to general illness are assigned to collective farm members in the following amounts:

disabled people of group I in the amount of 100 percent, disabled people of group II - 90 percent of the old-age pension, calculated in accordance with Article 8 of this Law as a percentage of earnings. At the same time, disabled people of group II who have the work experience necessary to assign an old-age pension are awarded a disability pension in the amount of the old-age pension.

The minimum amounts of disability pensions due to general illness are established: for disability group I - 75 rubles; for group II – 40 rubles, for pensions paid for at least 10 years – 50 rubles per month.

The maximum amounts of disability pensions are set at the level of the maximum amounts of disability pensions provided for by the USSR Law “On State Pensions” for workers and employees.

Disabled people of group I (regardless of the cause of disability) are given an allowance for their care in addition to their disability pension in the amount and manner prescribed by the USSR Law “On State Pensions” for workers and employees.

Article 12. Disabled members of the family of a deceased collective farmer who were dependent on him have the right to a pension in the event of the loss of a breadwinner.

Disabled family members are considered:

1) children, brothers, sisters and grandchildren under 16 years of age (students - 18 years old) or older than this age, if they became disabled in group I or II before reaching 16 years of age (students - 18 years old); in this case, brothers, sisters and grandchildren - provided that they do not have able-bodied parents;

2) father, mother, wife, husband, if they have reached the age of: men - 60 years, women - 55 years, or are disabled people of group I or II;

3) grandfather and grandmother, if they have reached the ages of 60 and 55 years, respectively, or are disabled people of group I or II, in the absence of persons who are legally obliged to support them.

Children and disabled parents of the deceased who were not his dependents are entitled to a survivor's pension if they subsequently lost their source of livelihood.

Adoptive parents have the right to a pension on the same basis as their parents, and adopted children have the right to a pension on the same basis as their own children.

Article 13. The families of collective farmers who died as a result of a work injury or occupational disease are granted pensions regardless of the length of service of the breadwinner.

The families of collective farmers who died as a result of a general illness or injury not related to work are awarded pensions if the breadwinner had the length of service that would be necessary for him to receive a disability pension.

Article 14. To the families of collective farmers who died as a result of a work injury or occupational disease, pensions are assigned in the following amounts:

for three or more disabled family members in the amount of 110 percent, for two disabled family members - 100 percent of the old-age pension, calculated in accordance with Article 8 of this Law as a percentage of the breadwinner’s earnings;

per disabled family member in the amounts provided for in Article 33 of the USSR Law “On State Pensions” for families of workers and employees (except for those who worked in underground work, in work with hazardous working conditions, in hot shops and other work with difficult working conditions).

To the families of collective farmers who died due to a general illness, pensions are assigned in the following amounts:

for three or more disabled family members in the amount of 100 percent, for two disabled family members - 90 percent of the old-age pension, calculated in accordance with Article 8 of this Law as a percentage of the breadwinner's earnings;

per disabled family member in the amounts provided for in Article 34 of the USSR Law “On State Pensions” for families of workers and employees (except for those who worked in underground work, in work with hazardous working conditions, in hot shops and other work with difficult working conditions).

The minimum pension amounts are established: for three or more disabled family members - 75 rubles; for two disabled family members - 40 rubles, for pensions paid for at least 10 years - 50 rubles; for one disabled family member - 25 rubles, for pensions paid for at least 10 years - 28 rubles per month. At the same time, the survivor's pension assigned under this Law for children under 16 years of age (students 18 years of age) cannot be lower than 25 rubles per month per child (within the established maximum pension amounts).

The maximum amounts of pensions in the event of the loss of a breadwinner are set at the level of the maximum amounts of pensions in the event of the loss of a breadwinner provided for by the USSR Law “On State Pensions” for families of workers and employees.

Article 15. The following are counted in the length of service when assigning pensions:

1) work as a member of a collective farm;

2) work as a worker or employee, service in the Armed Forces of the USSR and stay in partisan detachments, as well as other periods that are subject to inclusion in the length of service when assigning pensions under the Law on State Pensions.

Article 16. Pensions are calculated from the average monthly actual earnings for work on a collective farm for any 5 consecutive years (at the choice of the person applying for a pension) from the last 10 years before applying for a pension.

For collective farm members who have worked on the collective farm for less than 5 years, and for families of collective farm members who have lost a breadwinner who has worked on the collective farm for less than 5 years, pensions are calculated from the average monthly actual earnings on the collective farm for the time worked.

Article 17. Pensioners from among the members of collective farms who have worked on the collective farm after the granting of a pension for at least two years with higher earnings than the one from which the pension was calculated, a new pension amount is established based on this higher earnings.

III. Benefits for women members of collective farms for pregnancy and childbirth

Article 18. Women members of collective farms, regardless of length of service, have the right to receive benefits during maternity leave.

Maternity leave is granted for 56 calendar days before childbirth and 56 calendar days after childbirth, and in the case of abnormal birth or the birth of two or more children - for 70 calendar days after childbirth.

Article 19. Maternity benefits for female members of collective farms are determined in the same manner and according to the same standards as the benefits established for female workers and female employees.

IV. Funds for paying pensions and benefits

Article 20. For the payment of pensions and benefits provided for by this Law, a centralized union social security fund for collective farmers is formed through deductions from the income of collective farms and annual allocations from the State Budget of the USSR.

Article 21. All collective farms, starting from 1964, make monetary contributions to the centralized union fund for the social security of collective farmers in the amounts determined by the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

Funds to be transferred to the centralized union social security fund for collective farmers are excluded from the income of collective farms when subject to income tax.

V. Final provisions

Article 22. Collective farms, where pensions paid to collective farmers exceed the amount of pension established by this Law, may maintain these pension amounts by making appropriate additional payments from the funds of the collective farm.

Article 23. Instruct the Council of Ministers of the USSR to issue on the basis of this Law:

1) Regulations on the procedure for assigning and paying pensions to members of collective farms;

2) Regulations on the procedure for assigning and paying maternity benefits to female members of collective farms;

3) Regulations on the centralized union fund for the social security of collective farmers.

In the Regulations on the procedure for assigning and paying pensions to members of collective farms, in particular, provide for the conditions for assigning pensions:

members of collective farms of those republics and regions in which collective farms were created later than in other regions of the country;

members of collective farms who joined collective farms in the first years of collectivization, but due to old age or disability stopped working on the collective farm, without having the work experience necessary to grant a pension.

Soviet peasants, who made up the majority of the population during Stalin's time, were deprived of pensions. Pensions for collective farmers began to be paid only in the mid-1960s, but these payments were several times less than those for city residents - only 12-20 rubles per month. Until 1971, men on collective farms retired at 65, women at 60. Social equality between peasants and townspeople was achieved in Russia only in the early 1990s.

De jure, in the 1930s, collective farmers received the second edition of serfdom: they were attached to the land, bore labor and monetary obligations, including those not related to work on the land - for example, the obligation to work at least 6 days a year on construction and repairs expensive A continuation of this defeat in rights was the lack of pensions for collective farmers. The discovery of gas and oil fields in Western Siberia in the late 1960s led to the liberalization of political and social relations in the village: the state now had a new source of funding. How the pension system was introduced on collective farms is described in the monograph by Tatiana Dimoni, Doctor of Historical Sciences from Vologda, “Social Security for Collective Farmers of the European North of Russia in the Second Half of the 20th Century.” We publish part of this work.

“Until the mid-1960s, there was no unified system of state pension provision for collective farmers. Despite the fact that the Constitution of the USSR of 1936 enshrined the right of all citizens of the country to material support in the event of old age or disability, until 1964 this function in relation to collective farmers was assigned to agricultural cooperatives. The Model Charter of the Agricultural Artel of 1935 (Article 11) obliged the collective farm board, by decision of the general meeting of the artel members, to create a social fund to provide assistance to the disabled, the elderly, collective farmers who have temporarily lost their ability to work, needy families of military personnel, to maintain kindergartens, nurseries and orphans. The fund was to be created from the harvest and livestock products received by the collective farm in an amount not exceeding 2% of the total gross output of the collective farm. The collective farm, whenever possible, allocated products and funds to the relief fund.

The pension paid by the collective farm usually consisted of payments in kind. For example, in the Myaksinsky district of the Vologda region in 1952, elderly members of collective farms were given 10-12 kg of grain and firewood every month. However, pension provision was not mandatory.

A study of the work to eliminate and prevent beggary in the early 1950s, carried out by the district social welfare departments of the Vologda region, showed that elderly and sick people, often alone (usually over the age of 70 - the oldest “beggar” was 103 years old) were forced to “pick up the pieces.” In each district of the region there were from ten to fifty such people.

Some collective farmers had the right to a state pension - until 1964 it was assigned to collective farm chairmen, machine operators, specialists, and disabled people of the Great Patriotic War. The number of such collective farmers was small. In the Vologda region in 1963, there were only 8.5 thousand retired collective farmers, which amounted to no more than 10% of the total number of elderly members of agricultural associations.

According to budget surveys of families of collective farmers in the Vologda region, in the annual cash income of the family the pension amounted to 31 rubles in 1955, in 1960 - 39 rubles, which did not exceed 4-6% of the budget of the collective farm household.

The unified system of state pension provision for collective farmers was introduced by the law of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 15, 1964 “On pensions and benefits for members of collective farms” (state pensions for workers and employees were established in 1956). The law determined that the pension was assigned for old age, disability and in the event of the loss of a breadwinner. Old-age pensions were received by collective farmers who had reached retirement age (men - 65 years, women - 60 years) and had a certain work experience (men - at least 25 years, women - at least 20 years). The minimum old-age pension was 12 rubles. per month, maximum - 102 rubles. per month.

The minimum disability pensions established by the legislation of 1964 were 15 rubles for disabled people of group I, 12 rubles for group II. per month. The minimum pensions for the loss of a breadwinner ranged from 9 to 15 rubles. per month depending on the number of remaining disabled family members.

The law on pensions and benefits for members of collective farms, put into effect on January 1, 1965, had a great public response and was discussed in all agricultural associations. On the boards of many collective farms, lists of collective farmers who had the right to a pension were posted, they were discussed at meetings, and the lists were approved by the boards of collective farms.

To pay pensions and benefits in 1964, the Centralized Union Social Security Fund for Collective Farmers was formed in the country, to which shares of collective farm income were allocated (2.5% of the gross income for 1964 and 4% for 1965) and annual allocations were made from the State Budget of the USSR .

In the 1970s, collective farm pension legislation evolved towards convergence with the pension system established for workers and employees. The retirement age for receiving an old-age pension was reduced for male collective farmers to 60 years, for women - to 55 years. In 1971, the minimum old-age pension for collective farmers was increased to 20 rubles. per month (for workers and office workers its size at the same time was 45 rubles). The maximum pension for collective farmers, as well as for workers and employees, was 120 rubles. per month. The minimum amounts of disability pensions also increased: disabled people of group I - up to 30-35 rubles, group II - up to 20-25 rubles, disabled people of group III - up to 16 rubles. per month.

In 1971, for the first time, another specific feature of the “collective farm pension” appeared in the legislation. Now, members of collective farms and their families were granted pensions (except for the minimum) full size, according to the standards established for workers and employees, only if the farm that included the pensioner did not have a personal plot or the size of the plot did not exceed 0.15 hectares. In other cases, the pension should have been 85% of the established amount. This rule applied to all pension supplements and was once again spelled out in the legislation on pensions in 1977. Pensioners who lived in homes for the elderly and disabled were paid 10% of the assigned pension (but not less than 5 rubles per month).

Pensions for collective farmers were increased again in the 1980s. From January 1, 1980, the minimum pensions for collective farm members were increased: for old age - up to 28 rubles. per month (since 1981 minimum size pensions for workers and employees was 50 rubles), for disability group I - up to 45 rubles, group II - 28 rubles. per month. The minimum pension for the loss of a breadwinner was also increased. Now it ranged from 20 to 45 rubles. per month. On November 1, 1985, the minimum old-age pension for collective farmers was increased to 40 rubles. per month.

In 1992, the RSFSR Law “On State Pensions in the RSFSR” came into force, which finally equalized the pensions of peasants and townspeople.

Let's look at examples of how the pension system for collective farmers was implemented in the European North of Russia in the second half of the twentieth century.

The average pension accrued to collective farm members initially did not exceed the established minimum. In 1965, it was 12.6 rubles in the Arkhangelsk region, 12.2 rubles in the Vologda region, and 12 rubles in the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. and in the Komi ASSR - 12.5 rubles.

A noticeable feature of the values of collective farm pensions is their discriminatory nature in comparison with the amounts of pensions for workers and employees in the region. In 1965, the average pension of collective farmers in the Vologda region was 2.7 times less than that of workers and employees in the same region.

Thanks to the rapid growth of collective farmers' pensions in the 1970s, differences in pension coverage decreased, but remained significant. Thus, in the Arkhangelsk region, the average monthly pension of a collective farmer was 35% of the pension of a worker and employee in 1965, in the Vologda region - 37%, in 1985 - 61 and 64%, respectively, and by the early 1990s - 81 and 83%. The proportion of collective farmers receiving minimum pensions also decreased. If in 1965 90% of old-age pensioners in the RSFSR received minimum pensions, then by the end of the 1970s - mid-1980s their share decreased: in the Vologda region in 1979, 58% of collective farm pensioners received a minimum old-age pension, in 1984 - 36%."

On October 31, 1918, Lenin signed the “Regulations on Social Security of Workers,” which provided for the appointment of pensions only in case of loss of ability to work. Pensions for years of service later appeared for certain categories of workers. And in 1929, they began to provide old-age pensions, but not for everyone. Millions of Soviet people received the right not to work until they die only many years and decades later.

From the “Regulations on Social Security of Workers”, approved by decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR on October 31, 1918.

Art. 8th. Purpose of issuing benefits and pensions

1. The issuance of benefits and pensions is aimed at providing a means of subsistence to persons who have lost their basic income or part of it due to disability or unemployment.

2. Benefits and pensions are not issued to persons who have lost their ability to work, unless these circumstances are accompanied by loss of earnings or part of it, and in the latter case, the earnings and income of the person are deducted from the benefit or pension...

Art. 15th. Under what circumstances are pensions granted?

The pensions specified in this chapter are assigned in cases of complete or partial permanent loss of ability to work, regardless of the reasons that caused the loss of ability to work (illness, injury, old age, occupational disease, etc.).

Art. 16th. Deadlines for assigning pensions

Pensions are assigned from the date of filing the application for disability.

Art. 17th. Duration of pension issuance

Pensions are issued until the day of death of the insured, unless before this period the pensioner’s working capacity is restored to the norm, below which pensions are not issued.

Art. 18th. Pension amount

The size of the monthly pension in case of complete loss of ability to work is established: in the amount of 25 times the daily normal benefit issued in the area where the pensioner lives. In case of partial loss of ability to work, pension amounts are established for persons:

those who have lost from 15 to 29% of their ability to work in the amount of 1/5 of their full pension;
those who have lost from 30 to 44% of their ability to work in the amount of 1/2 of their full pension;
those who have lost from 45 to 60% of their ability to work in the amount of 3/4 of their full pension;
over 60% of the full pension.

Pensioners who, due to helplessness, require special care, pensions should be increased accordingly.

Note 1. In cases of acute industrial and economic crises throughout the country, the People's Commissariat of Labor is authorized to temporarily cancel the issuance of pensions to persons who have lost their ability to work below 30%.

Note 2. The Department of Social Security and Labor Protection of the People's Commissariat of Labor is authorized to change the groups of people receiving pensions, as well as issue instructions on their application.

From the “Regulations on Scientific Workers of Higher Educational Institutions”, approved by decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR on January 21, 1924.

21. Full-time professors and teachers of higher educational institutions who have served as scientific workers for at least twenty-five years or have reached the age of sixty-five, having served for at least ten years, are entitled to receive a lifetime pension in the amount of the salary established for full-time professors and teachers of higher educational institutions , with an automatic increase in pension as tariffs increase. Work as a research fellow is included in the total period of academic service from the moment of enrollment in a research institute or leaving a higher educational institution as a research fellow.

Note 1. In case of loss of ability to work before reaching the age of sixty, scientific workers who have served as a scientific worker for at least fifteen years are entitled to receive a pension in the amount of half the salary, and those who have served for at least twenty years - in the amount of the full salary.

Note 2. Scientific workers who become incapacitated while performing or in connection with the performance of duties receive a pension in the amount of the full salary for their last position, regardless of the length of their scientific activity.

From the resolution of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR “On pension provision for teachers of 1st level schools in rural and urban areas and other educational workers in the countryside,” January 15, 1925.

Considering the improvement of the financial situation of public teachers and other educators to be one of the main conditions for the development of public education, the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR decide:

1. Introduce long-service pensions for educators.

As the first measure in this area, subject to further development as the economic position of the USSR strengthens, pensions for educators should be established from January 1, 1925 on the following basis.

2. Teachers of 1st level schools (primary schools) have the right to a pension. "Story") both rural and urban, as well as the following workers of cultural and educational institutions in rural areas: heads of reading rooms, librarians, teachers of lower agricultural schools and teaching staff of orphanages.

3. All mentioned in Art. 2 of this Resolution, employees acquire the right to receive a pension after service (as in the text.- "Story") they have 25 years in the listed positions, regardless of whether their service was in one or more of those named in Art. 2 institutions.

4. When establishing the right to a pension, pre-revolutionary service in positions corresponding to those listed in Art. 2, subject, however, to a condition of at least 5 years in Soviet service as specified in Art. 2 positions. The list of positions in which the time of service is counted towards the length of service required to receive a pension is established by the instructions...

(In 1929, the list of educational workers entitled to long-service pensions was significantly expanded. In the same year, medical and veterinary workers working in rural areas were included in the same category. Later, crews received the right to a long-service pension civil aviation and certain categories of artists. Writers, composers and other creative workers had separate pension legislation that changed over time. "Story".)

The law on state pensions, adopted in 1956, equalized the pension rights of all citizens of the USSR, except for collective farmers

Photo: Andrey Novikov / Photo archive of Ogonyok magazine

From the resolution of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR “On provision of social insurance in old age”, May 15, 1929.

1. Establish pension provision in the form of social insurance for old age.

Introduce this provision from April 15, 1929, for workers in the mining and metal industries (and electrical industries), as well as in railway and water transport, who left wage employment after January 1, 1929, and for workers in the textile industry who left wage employment after January 1, 1929. December 1927

The timing of the extension of old-age benefits to workers in other sectors of the national economy, as well as to employees, is determined by the Union Social Insurance Council under the People's Commissariat of Labor of the USSR in accordance with the five-year plan for the development of the national economy of the USSR.

2. The following have the right to a pension:

a) men who have reached 60 years of age by the day they leave employment, if they have worked for hire for a total of at least 25 years;

b) women who have reached the age of 55 by the day they leave employment, if they have worked as an employee for a total of at least 20 years.

Persons employed in underground work in the mining industry are entitled to a pension if they have reached the age of 50 by the day they leave employment and have worked as an employee for a total of at least 20 years.

The Union Council of Social Insurance under the People's Commissariat of Labor of the USSR is given the right to reduce for persons employed in hazardous industries the age and length of employment established by paragraphs. “a” and “b” of this article.

3. An old-age pension is provided regardless of the state of working capacity.

4. The pension is assigned in the amount of half of the pensioner’s previous earnings.

The Federal Social Insurance Council is given the right to set limits above and below which a pension cannot be awarded.

5. If a pensioner has earnings from employment or other income, then the issuance of a pension to him may be suspended or completely terminated, or the size of the pension may be reduced.

6. In return for issuing a pension, insurance funds may place pensioners, with their consent, in disabled institutions, etc....

From the “Regulations on pensions and social insurance benefits”, approved by the Central Executive Committee of the USSR and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR on February 13, 1930.

11. The following have the right to an old-age pension:

a) workers of the following industries: mining, metal (including electrical industry), chemical, textile, printing, glass and porcelain, tobacco and shag;

b) workers of railway and water transport.

The extension of old-age benefits to workers in other industries, as well as to employees, is carried out by the Federal Social Insurance Council.

From the “Regulations on benefits for persons working in the Far North of the RSFSR”, approved by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR on May 10, 1932.

15. For employees entitled to receive pensions for long service, a year of work in the Far North is counted as two years for receiving pensions, and employees who have served in the Far North for 10 years continuously are paid a pension in the amount established for 25 years of work.

From the “Approximate Charter of the Agricultural Artel”, approved by the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR on February 17, 1935.

11. From the crops and livestock products received by the artel, the artel:

a) fulfills its obligations to the state for the supply and return of seed loans, pays in kind to the machine and tractor station for the work of the MTS in accordance with the concluded agreement having the force of law, fulfills contracting agreements;

b) provides seeds for sowing and fodder to feed livestock for the entire annual need, and also, to insure against crop failure and lack of food, creates inviolable, annually renewable seed and feed funds in the amount of 10–15% of the annual need;

c) creates, by decision of the general meeting, funds to help disabled people, old people who have temporarily lost their ability to work, needy families of Red Army soldiers, for the maintenance of nurseries and orphans - all this in an amount not exceeding 2% of gross output.

(This “Model Charter” regulated the activities of collective farms. As archival documents testify, in the 1930–1940s, most of them, after completing state deliveries, did not have any grain left even for the next sowing and payment for the collective farmers’ workdays.- "Story".)

From the resolution of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions (AUCCTU) “On improving state social insurance for employees,” July 31, 1937.

1. Extend old-age pensions to employees on the same basis as workers.

This Resolution applies to employees who stopped working after August 1, 1937 or who continue to work.

After the adoption of the law “On benefits and pensions for members of collective farms,” their pensions from collective farms (pictured) became state ones, but the minimum amount of these payments was 2.5 times less than that of workers and employees

In the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the right of citizens to material support in old age, in case of loss of ability to work and in case of illness is one of the achievements of the Great October Socialist Revolution and is enshrined in the Constitution of the USSR.

Pension provision is guaranteed by the socialist system created in the USSR, under which the exploitation of man by man, unemployment and uncertainty of workers about the future are forever destroyed. Pension provision in the Soviet state is carried out entirely at the expense of state and public funds.

The successes in the development of the socialist economy achieved by the Soviet people under the leadership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union now make it possible to further improve the matter of pension provision...

Article 1. The following have the right to a state pension:

a) workers and employees;

b) military personnel;

c) students of higher, secondary specialized educational institutions, colleges, schools and personnel training courses;

d) other citizens if they become disabled due to the performance of state or public duties;

e) family members of citizens specified in this article, in case of loss of a breadwinner.

Article 2. State pensions under this Law are assigned:

a) due to old age;

b) due to disability;

c) in case of loss of a breadwinner.

Article 3. Citizens who are simultaneously entitled to different pensions are assigned one pension of their choice...

Article 7 Pensions are not subject to taxes.

Article 8. Workers and employees have the right to an old-age pension:

men - upon reaching 60 years of age and with at least 25 years of work experience;

women - upon reaching 55 years of age and with at least 20 years of work experience.

Article 9. The following are entitled to an old-age pension on preferential terms:

a) workers and employees in underground work, in work with hazardous working conditions and in hot shops - according to the list of industries, shops, professions and positions approved by the Council of Ministers of the USSR:

men - upon reaching 50 years of age and with at least 20 years of work experience;

women - upon reaching 45 years of age and with at least 15 years of work experience;

b) workers and employees in other jobs with difficult working conditions - according to the list of industries, workshops, professions and positions approved by the Council of Ministers of the USSR:

men - upon reaching 55 years of age and with at least 25 years of work experience;

women - upon reaching 50 years of age and with at least 20 years of work experience.

A worker or employee has the right to an old-age pension on preferential terms if at least half of the length of service required to assign him this pension falls on relevant work that gives the right to a pension on preferential terms (regardless of the place of last work).

Article 13...

The minimum old-age pension is set at 300 rubles per month.

The maximum old-age pension is 1,200 rubles per month.

Article 14. The following supplements to old-age pensions are established:

a) for continuous work experience over 15 years or for total work experience - for men who have worked for at least 35 years, and for women who have worked for at least 30 years - 10 percent of the pension...

There should be no egalitarian approach to pension provision for collective farmers. The higher the labor productivity of collective farmers, the more products a collective farm produces and sells to the state per hectare of arable land, the higher its income and the level of contributions to the pension fund, the larger the pensions for collective farmers should be. Those collective farmers who work well and make a greater contribution to social production should be better provided for.

The amounts of pensions provided for by this Law, in the future, as the national income grows, in particular the income of collective farms, will gradually increase to the level of state pensions assigned to workers and employees...

Article 1. Members of collective farms have the right to old-age and disability pensions.

Disabled members of the families of deceased collective farmers, if they were dependent on them, have the right to a survivor's pension...

Article 6. Members of collective farms have the right to an old-age pension:

men - upon reaching 65 years of age and with at least 25 years of work experience;

women - upon reaching 60 years of age and with at least 20 years of work experience.

Article 8. Old-age pensions for collective farm members are assigned in the amount of 50 percent of earnings of 50 rubles per month and, in addition, 25 percent of the rest of earnings.

The minimum old-age pension is set at 12 rubles per month (the minimum pension for other citizens of the USSR at that time was 30 rubles per month.- "Story").

The maximum amount of old-age pension is set at 102 rubles per month, that is, at the level of the maximum amount of old-age pensions provided for by the Law on State Pensions for workers and employees permanently residing in rural areas and associated with agriculture...

From the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR “On further improvement of pension provision” dated September 26, 1967.

Reduce the age that entitles collective farm members to an old-age pension: men from 65 to 60 years, women from 60 to 55 years...

Publication by Evgeny Zhirnov