Svetlana Klimova
Educational activities for children preparatory group « National holidays in Rus'"

Summary of GCD in preparatory group.

Performed: teacher Klimova S.S.

« Folk holidays in Rus'»

Conversation with children about Russians folk holidays(using multimedia).

Target: Create a motivational situation for the formation of ideas children about the values ​​of folk culture.

Educational objectives: to interest children, what holidays are there in Rus'?(Christmas, Christmas fortune-telling, Kolyada, Magpies, Larks, about the customs and traditions of our people, introduce Russian traditions holidays, history of appearance.

Developmental tasks: develop cognitive interest children to the history and traditions of their people, develop speech children, improve coherent speech skills.

Educational tasks: instill love and interest in Russian traditions and customs people, introducing to the origins of spiritual culture, to cultivate a desire, to give gifts to loved ones and friends.

Vocabulary work: custom, good news, carols, roe deer, Christmastide, mummers, carolers.

Material used: Russian hut where OOD is carried out, folk costumes , slides with depicting festive Christmas festivities, Kolyada, Magpies, Larks, calendar national holidays, quiet music, "Ringing of Bells", colored pencils, paper.

Methods and techniques: game moment, artistic expression, viewing slides, conversation, explanation, examination, reinforcement, encouragement, summary.

Preliminary work: learning by heart carols, poems about folk holidays, learning Russian folk games, pictures, postcards, reading fiction.

Application area: continuous educational activities with kids.

Forms and methods of implementation: conversation with children about Russians folk holidays I decided to conduct it in the form of a TV show, because it helps create an atmosphere psychological comfort and interest children, relaxed communication between children and adults.

Methods and techniques: visual method (slides national holidays, verbal method (conversation about traditions, rituals in Rus', practical method (drawing holiday cards, reception of emotional interest (interview of a child, use of sound effects (bells).

Educator: invites children to go on an unusual journey "History holidays in Rus'» . (Slide 1)

On Rus' people loved and love very much holidays. We enjoyed preparing for the arrival of our guests. Entire families went to visit, greeted with bows, greeted, and kissed those closest to them. They loved and love to treat guests heartily and tasty. They talked: “Help yourself to what God sent you”, “A hut is not red in its corners, but red in its pies”,

“Don’t offend the owner, try our dishes”. They sang songs and danced.

Guys, do you love holidays? (answers children)

Why? (answers children)

Which ones do you know holidays? (answers children)

Educator: Well done, I was sure that you knew a lot holidays, which have been known since the time of our ancestors. Who are the ancestors? (answers children) I agree with you, but can I tell you a little more about them. Our ancestors are Russian people, they always revered holidays, that's just celebrated them a little differently, not like us, modern people. Everything in the old days festive the days began with a solemn service in the church, and continued on the lawns, on the streets, in the fields. To the music folk instruments: balalaikas, accordions led round dances, sang, danced, started games. Both with the calendar and with human life are connected folk customs , as well as church sacraments, rituals and holidays. On Rus' the calendar was called a monthly calendar. The month covered the entire year of peasant life, "describing" by day month after month, where each day had its own holidays or weekdays, customs and superstitions, traditions and rituals, natural signs and phenomena. (Slide 2) People dressed up in their best festive clothes(shows illustrations, prepared in a special way holiday treat. The beggars were given gifts, the poor were given free food, they could hear everywhere festive ringing of bells. Listen to the ringing of the bells. (Recording of bells ringing). (Slide 3) Guys, I also prepared bells for you (the children come up to the tables, take the bells, I suggest they perform their own bell ringing. You see, the work of a bell ringer is unusual and required a lot of skill and ear for music. What do you think? holiday depicted in these illustrations? (Answers children) . On the threshold of a large Christian holiday - Christmas. (Slide 4) One of the most famous and beloved holidays. Why this that's what the holiday is called? (Answers children) .

Listen to my story.

(The lights are turned off, the candles are lit, quiet music sounds. The teacher sits at the table on which the candle is burning. The children sit next to each other in a semicircle.) Educator: Christmas is religious holiday. The word Christmas itself suggests that someone was born. The birth of a child is always good news. According to biblical legend, on January 7, Jesus Christ, the Son of God, was born to the Blessed Virgin Mary in the city of Bethlehem.

The news of the birth of Jesus was carried by heavenly angels. appeared in the sky Star of Bethlehem. Christmas - holiday of believers in Christ. This is the expectation of happiness, peace, home warmth and family harmony.

Reading a poem "Christmas" G. Longfellow.

There is a Christmas haze all around.

Bells ring in the darkness,

And get along with them

The words sound:

“Peace on earth and happiness to all!”.

I felt like on this day

Life of cities and villages,

Having united, the call sounds:

“Peace on earth and happiness to all!”

Guys, what do you expect from this? holiday(answers children)

Educator: That's right, these are gifts for relatives and friends; cards, sweets, souvenirs.

Educator: Our grandparents love this one very much holiday- Nativity. They also call him winter holidays. Christmas time - this is from the word "saint". (Slide 5)

In that the holiday was glorified, praised, glorified Christ, New Year, future harvest. The boys and girls dressed up animals: goat, bear, unclean force: Babu Yaga, kikimora, etc. They went home in groups, congratulations on holiday, wished the best with special songs - carols.

I know you are prepared carols. Children reciting carols by heart.

Kolyada, Kolyada.

On the eve of Christmas,

Good auntie

The pie is delicious.

Don't cut, don't break,

Serve it quickly!

Little boy

Sat down on a sheaf

plays the pipe

Kolyada is amusing.

Avsen, Avsen,

Tomorrow is a new day!

Don't stand at the gate

Tomorrow is New Year!

Educator: Carolers certainly get something edible: sweets, nuts and special ritual cookies, they were called kozuli - they were sure to be prepared in every home for this occasion. These dough figures must be eaten right there, making a wish.

(A cheerful song of the storekeepers is heard.) Educator: Hear, the mummers are coming to us, let’s meet them. Enter carolers: Bear, Goat, Gypsy sing a song. (children with character attributes on their heads).

Kolyada, Kolyada,

open the gates

Who will give you the pie?

So the barn is full of cattle,

barn with oats.

A stallion with a tail.

We sow we sow

Happy New Year.

Educator: Hello, good people. There you are treat: cheese and cookies, gingerbread, sweets. Children treat the mummers with sweets.

Educator: Let's play Russian folk game, which is called "Ivan"

This game uses a special counting system for choosing driving:

Ivan with a scythe

Don't go barefoot

And walk with shoes on,

Weave bast shoes for yourself.

If you are shod -

Wolves and foxes won't find

The bear won't find you

Come out, you'll burn!

The rest of the players call themselves various animals, some a wolf, some a bear, some a fox, some a hare, etc. "Ivan the Mower" picks up a wand or other object symbolizing "braid", and makes movements as if mowing.

"Beasts" talking with him:

Ivan the Mower, what are you doing?

I cut the grass.

Why are you mowing?

Feed the cows.

Why cows?

Give milk.

Why milk?

Make raw materials.

Why raw materials?

Feed the hunters.

Why feed the hunters?

Catch animals in the forest!

"Beasts" quickly scatter in all directions, and "Ivan the Mower" runs to look for and catch them. Having caught one of "beasts", he must guess which one it is "beast". If he guesses correctly, the person caught is eliminated from the game, and "Ivan the Mower" looking for others hiding "beasts".

Maslenitsa is one of my favorites national holidays of the Russian people, which from century to century conveys the state of the broad Russian soul, the traditions and customs of Russians. Maslenitsa is the last winter holiday, one of the most beloved and long-awaited in people's holiday, saying goodbye to snow and frost and welcoming spring. Oil week does not have a strict deadline celebrations and falls either at the end of February or at the beginning of March.

Maslenitsa on Rus' was called honest, wide and cheerful. And we always looked forward to its arrival.

Oil Week is full of customs and traditions! And they are different for every day.

(Slide 8,9). Would you like to learn about another old Russian holiday, about the treat that was being prepared this holiday. Please look at the slide (image - lark) . What is the name of this bird? (answers children) . But this is not just a bird - it is a memory of fallen soldiers. In March there is folk Christian holiday , dedicated to the lark.

March 22 – "Magpies". Why Magpies? (Demonstration illustrations: warriors of the Ancient Rus')

The teacher tells the children Russian folk epic. A very, very long time ago, one of the military leaders ordered a detachment of 40 brave warriors to sacrifice one of them to the gods. The warriors refused to do this and then all the warriors were killed. And I always loved my soldiers and defenders people, and people began to believe that 40 warriors of the squad did not die, but turned into larks. On this day, March 22, all fallen soldiers are remembered.

And the housewives baked special Lenten buns - "larks", with outstretched wings, as if flying, and even with tufts. Lenten treats were distributed to children. (Slide 10)

Like all Russians holidays On Soroki, children danced in circles and played games.

Guys, stand in a circle and let’s play the game “Lark.

Selected by counting "lark". He has a bell in his hand.

He enters the circle forms playing, and runs around in it. All They say:

A lark sang in the sky,

The bell rang.

Frolic in silence

I hid the song in the grass.

The one who finds the song

It will be fun all year long.

Then the players close their eyes.

"Lark" runs out of the circle and rings the bell. Then he carefully places it behind someone's back. The one who guesses who has the bell behind his back becomes "lark".

Educator: children, which one of you will remind me of which I haven’t mentioned the holiday yet(answers children) . Yes, it's Easter. Easter, the day of the Resurrection of Christ is the most important holiday of the Orthodox Church. This is precisely the main meaning of the Orthodox faith - God himself became man, died for us and, having risen, delivered people from the power of death and sin. Easter is holiday of holidays!

(Slide 11, 12)

Bottom line: Educator: our journey into the past has ended. It's time to return to the present. The music of the bells sounds (Slide 13) Guys, I want to hear your opinion about our trip. (answers children) How are you will celebrate national holidays? How kind nice words You you will tell your loved ones? What are you like you will give gifts to friends? (answers children, let's draw greeting card to your friends and loved ones. To which for the holiday you will draw cards, it's at your discretion.

For our ancestors, who lived in ancient times in Rus', holidays were an important part of both family and public life. For many centuries, the Russian people honored and sacredly preserved their traditions, passed on from father to son in every generation.

The daily life of an ordinary Russian person in those days was difficult and dedicated to the hard work of obtaining his daily bread, so holidays were a special event for him, a kind of sacred day, when the life of the entire community merged with their sacred values, the spirits of their ancestors and their covenants.

Traditional Russian holidays included a complete ban on any daily activity (mowing, plowing, chopping wood, sewing, weaving, cleaning, etc.). During the holiday, all people had to dress in festive clothes, rejoice and have fun, conduct only joyful, pleasant conversations; failure to comply with these rules was subject to a fine or even punishment in the form of lashing.

Each season played its own specific role in the life of a Russian person. Winter period, free from work on the land, was especially famous for its festivities, noisy fun and games.

The main Russian holidays in Rus':

Winter

On January 7 (December 25), the Russian Orthodox people celebrated Christmas. This holiday, dedicated to the birth of God's son Jesus Christ in Bethlehem, ends the Nativity fast, which lasts for 40 days. In anticipation of it, people prepared to come to him with clean souls and bodies: they washed and cleaned their homes, went to the bathhouse, put on clean holiday clothes, helped the poor and needy, and distributed alms. On January 6, on Christmas Eve, the whole family gathered at a large festive table, where the obligatory first course was the ritual porridge kutya or sochivo. They started dinner after the first star appeared, eating silently and solemnly. After Christmas came the so-called holy days, which lasted until Epiphany, during which it was customary to go from house to house and glorify Jesus Christ with prayers and chants.

Christmastide (Holiday week)

Holidays among the ancient Slavs, and then turned into church celebrations, the days of Christmastide, begin from the first star on Christmas Eve until the holiday of Epiphany, the blessing of water (“from the star to the water”). The first week of Christmastide is called Yuletide Week, associated with Slavic mythology associated with the turn of winter to summer, there is more sun, less darkness. During this week, in the evenings, called holy evenings, holiness was often violated by mythological rituals of fortune telling, which was not welcomed by the church, and during the day, dressed in clothes with flags and musical instruments magicians walked the streets, entered houses and amused the people.

On January 19, Orthodox Epiphany was celebrated, dedicated to the sacrament of the baptism of Jesus Christ in the Jordan River, on this day the Great Blessing of Water was performed in all churches and temples, all water in reservoirs and wells was considered holy and had unique properties. medicinal properties. Our ancestors believed that holy water could not spoil and kept it in the red corner under the icons, and believed that this was the best cure for all ailments, both physical and spiritual. On rivers, lakes and other bodies of water, they made a special ice hole in the shape of a cross called a Jordan, swimming in which was considered a godly and healing activity that relieved illnesses and all sorts of misfortunes for the whole year.

At the very end of winter, when, according to the beliefs of our ancestors, the Red Spring, with the help of warmth and light, drove away the cold and cold, the Maslenitsa holiday began, known for its free joy, which lasted for a whole week on the eve of Lent. At this time, it was customary to bake pancakes, which were considered a symbol of the sun, go to visit each other, have fun and dress up, sled down the hills, and on the final Forgiveness Sunday, burn and bury a scarecrow symbol of the defeated winter.

Spring

On this feast of the Entry of the Lord into Jerusalem, although in Orthodoxy there is no forefeast, since Holy Week begins next, believers bring willow branches to the church (in Slavic they replaced palm branches), which are sprinkled with holy water at Matins after the all-night vigil. Then the Orthodox decorate icons in their homes with consecrated willow trees.

Holy Easter was considered the greatest holiday of all Christian people in Rus'; on this day the resurrection of Jesus Christ and his transition from death on Earth to life in heaven was revered. People cleaned and decorated their houses, dressed in festive clothes, always attended Easter services in churches and temples, went to visit each other, treating each other to Easter colored eggs and Easter cakes, after Lent. When meeting people they said “Christ is Risen!”, in response they should say “Truly He is Risen!” and kiss three times.

The first Sunday after Easter was called Krasnaya Gorka or Fomin's Day (on behalf of the Apostle Thomas, who did not believe in the resurrection of Christ), it was a symbol of the arrival of spring and the long-awaited warmth. For this holiday festivities began at night and lasted all day, young people danced in circles, rode on swings, young guys met and got to know girls. Covered festive tables with a hearty treat: fried eggs, loaves in the shape of the sun.

Summer

One of the most significant holidays of the summer was Ivan Kupala or Midsummer's Day, named after John the Baptist and celebrated on the day from July 6 to 7, the summer solstice. This holiday has ethnic origins and deep pagan roots. On this day, people burn large bonfires, jump over them, symbolizing the cleansing of the body and spirit from sinful thoughts and actions, dance in circles, weave beautiful wreaths of flowers and meadow herbs, set them adrift and tell fortunes about their betrothed.

One of the national holidays revered since ancient times, which is associated with many beliefs, signs and prohibitions. On the eve of the holiday, ritual cookies were baked on Thursday and Friday and field work was stopped. And on Elijah’s day itself it was strictly forbidden to carry out any household work; it was believed that it would not bring results. A “brotherhood” was held, all residents of nearby villages were invited to a common meal, and after the refreshments they ended with folk festivities with songs and dances. And most importantly, Ilya’s day is considered the border between summer and autumn, when the water becomes cold, the evenings are cool, and the first signs of autumn gilding appear on the trees.

In the middle of the last summer month, namely August 14 (1), Orthodox Christians celebrated the holiday Honey Spas(saved from the word savior), which was used to honor the death of the seven Maccabean martyrs, who were martyred for their Christian faith by the ancient Syrian king Antiochus. The houses were sprinkled with poppy seeds, protecting them from evil spirits; the first honeycombs, collected on this day, when the bees stopped collecting nectar, were taken to the temple for consecration. This day symbolized farewell to summer, after which the days became shorter, the nights longer, and the weather cooler.

On August 19 (6), Apple Day or the Feast of the Transfiguration of the Lord began; among our ancestors it was one of the very first harvest festivals, symbolizing the beginning of autumn and the withering of nature. Only with its onset could the ancient Slavs eat apples from the new harvest, which were necessarily consecrated in the church. The festive tables were set and they began to eat grapes and pears.

The last, Third Spas (Bread or Nut) was celebrated on August 29 (16), on this day the harvest season ended and housewives could bake bread from the new grain harvest. Festive loaves were blessed in churches, and nuts were also brought there, which were just ripe at that time. Finishing the harvest, farmers always knitted the last “birthday sheaf”.

Autumn

One of the most revered autumn holidays that came to the ancient Slavs from Byzantium was Intercession Day, celebrated on October 14 (1). The holiday is dedicated to an event that occurred in the 10th century in Constantinople, when the city was besieged by the Saracens, and the townspeople brought prayers for help to the Holy Mother of God in temples and churches. The Blessed Virgin Mary heard their requests and, removing the veil from their heads, hid them from their enemies and saved the city. At this time, the harvesting work was completely completed, preparations for winter began, round dances and festivities ended, and gatherings with handicrafts, chants and conversations began. On this day, tables were set with treats, gifts were brought to the poor and orphans, attendance at church services was obligatory, and the time for wedding celebrations began. Marriage during the Intercession was considered particularly happy, rich and long-lasting.

For the moral and cultural education of preschool children, Russian folk holidays and rituals are increasingly being held in kindergartens. With the help of such events, there is an excellent opportunity to introduce children to the origins of Russian folk culture. This is extremely important in modern conditions, when there is such a lack of good, harmonious human relationships, the unity of man with nature and an understanding of the characteristics and values ​​of the Russian national character.

Thus, summer folk holidays should not be ignored.

• “Kupala” (learning the skill of weaving wreaths, studying plants, reading fairy tales about mermaids);
• “Russian birch tree” (carrying out a ritual with tying ribbons on a birch tree and making wishes).

Autumn feast

Autumn is the time of harvest and... Our ancestors celebrated numerous autumn folk holidays and performed rituals. Basically, they were all dedicated to thanksgiving to Mother Earth for the harvest. Most significant holiday- Autumn. Studying such traditions helps to instill in children a love of work, nature, and to become familiar with the process of cultivating various garden crops. There is an opportunity to find out what clothes our ancestors wore when they worked the land, what clothes they wore when they sat down at the table, and what costume they wore for festive ceremonies.

• “Autumn Harvest Fair” (feast, quizzes on the topic);
• “Folk costume fashion show” (study of the details of Slavic clothing, competition - fashion show).

During such events, preschool children not only comprehend the spiritual traditions of their people, but also actively take part in active ancient games: tug of war, leapfrog, burners, towns.

Celebrate folk festivals in kindergarten it is extremely important for teachers. Through folklore, knowledge about the cultural traditions of the people is invested.

Video: Open lesson in kindergarten "Folk fun in Rus'"

Summary of GCD on FCCM using ICT

Topic: “Folk holidays in Rus'”

for children of the preparatory group

Target:

To introduce children to Russian traditions, to develop an interest in folk culture through familiarization with Russian folk holidays.

Tasks:

Educational

Introduce children to the traditions of celebrating famous Russian holidays.

Developmental

Develop cognitive activity, memory, thinking and imagination. Develop an interest in folk culture.

Develop children's coherent speech.

Educational

To cultivate moral qualities, to instill a love for Russian customs and folk games.

Preliminary work:

Examination of illustrations, learning by heart carols, chants, poems about national holidays, proverbs, folk signs.

Materials and equipment:multimedia presentation, multimedia projector, tape recorder, disk with Russian folk melodies, model of Bethlehem stars, colored paper for each child, a glue stick for each child, a hat with a picture of the sun, a bell.

GCD move:

A teacher in a Russian folk sarafan invites children to join a group to a Russian folk melody.

Educator: - Hello, dear guests!(Children say hello).

Please join us here soon!

Come, honest people!

Move, hurry up -

The holiday calls everyone here!

Guys, do you like holidays?(Yes)

What holidays do you know?(Children's answers)

Educator: Well done, you know many holidays that were celebrated by our ancestors.Holidays in Rus'always loved because the people knew how to work, and knew how to have fun.

Do you want to knowHow did the holidays appear, how were they celebrated before?(Yes)

Educator: - I have a magic bell that will take us back in time.

Ring the magic bell,

Take us back to the past.

(Slide)

Educator: - Guys, we found ourselves in Ancient Rus'. They had many different holidays.

Guess the riddle about the first holiday you and I will attend.(Slide)

In the middle of winter -

Big celebration.

Great holiday -...(Christmas)

Why is this holiday called that?(Children's answers).

(Slide) Educator: - Christmas is one of the main Christian holidays, established in honor of the birth of Jesus Christ. According to biblical legend, on January 7, Jesus Christ, the Son of God, was born to the Blessed Virgin Mary in the city of Bethlehem. The news of the birth of Jesus was carried by heavenly angels. The Star of Bethlehem appeared in the sky.(Slide) Since it markedNativity She is also called the “star of Christmas.”(Slide) Previously on Christmas Dayboys and girls went home, congratulated them on the holiday, anda large star made of gilded paper, decorated with a lantern, was attached to a stick, paper garlands, sometimes an icon of Christmas.(Showing and viewing the star model)

Educator: - Let us also make a little Christmas star for you.(Children make stars as shown by the teacher)

Educator: - Our great-grandfathers and great-grandmothers loved this holiday very much - the Nativity of Christ. It was also called winter holidays. Christmastide comes from the word “holy”. On this holiday they glorified, praised, glorified Christ, the New Year, the future harvest, and wished the best with special songs - carols. Let's sing one carol:

Kolyada came on the eve of Christmas,

With crumpets, with flatbreads,

With pork feet.

Kolyada, Kolyada, give me some pie!

Give it to me, don't break it,

But in general, come on!

(Slide) Educator:-Christmas is celebrated by the whole family and children take Active participation in celebration. This is the expectation of happiness, peace, home warmth and family harmony. Do you know other traditions of this holiday?(Children's answers)

Educator: - That's right, these are gifts for relatives and friends; cards, sweets, souvenirs.

Educator: - To get to the next national holiday, guess the riddle:

(Slide) It is celebrated in the spring

This holiday is groovy,

Everyone attends the fair
And they treat you to pancakes.(Maslenitsa)

(Slide) Educator: - Maslenitsa is ancient Slavic holiday, which symbolizes farewell to winter and joyful anticipation of spring. The folk festival lasts a week and ends with Forgiveness Sunday. On the last day of the week, Sunday, people asked each other for forgiveness.

Maslenitsa was called broad and cheerful. Let's remember the slogan:

Come out people

Stand at the gate

Invoke spring

Seeing off the winter.

Spring, spring is red,

Come, spring, with joy!

(Slide) Let's put together a mosaic depicting Maslenitsa.(Children collect)

(Slide)Educator:What else did you do on Maslenitsa?(Children's answers)

The pancake is a symbol of the sun, and the sun represents health, longevity, wealth and regenerating life: spring will come, everything will begin to grow.

A scarecrow made of straw(Slide) they took it out into the street and burned it - this is how they parted with everything bad, with all the troubles and difficulties.

While burning the effigy, people sang songs, had fun, and played.

Do you want to play?(Yes)

Educator: “Then let’s play a Russian folk game.” Golden Gate"

Target: improve easy running, develop agility.

Progress of the game:

The participants of the game are divided into those who stand in a circle, raising their clasped hands. And those who run through these gates in a chain (or one at a time).

Those standing sing:

Golden Gate

Not always missed:

Saying goodbye for the first time

The second one is prohibited

And for the third time

We won't miss you!

The “gate” closes and “catch” the one who remained in it. Those who find themselves inside the circle join hands with those forming the circle, increasing the “gate”.

(Slide) Educator:- Guess the riddle:

Spring comes
Everyone is waiting for her
Easter cakes are baked in houses,
They sing good songs!(Easter)

(Slide)

Educator: - Easter - Holy Resurrection of Christ. This main event in the spiritual life of Christians was called the Feast of Feasts, the King of Days.On the night of the Resurrection of Christ, a festive service takes place. Various foods are brought to the church in beautiful baskets - Easter cakes, cheese, butter, which symbolize well-being, pysanky and krashanki -painted eggs(Slide) . Salt is placed in the basket - a symbol of wisdom. A solemn procession with a singer and a priest blesses the people.

Returning home, people break their fast - eat delicious food after Lent. Rich Easter table is a symbol of heavenly joy and the Lord's Supper. The closest relatives gather for Easter breakfast. The owner approaches the guests with wishes and the words “Christ is risen!”, and then kisses everyone. You should answer like this: “Truly risen!”

Let's remember Easter signs.

On Easter the sky is clear and the sun is shining -... (to a good harvest and a red summer.)

You can’t throw or pour outside the window on Easter -...(Christ walks under the windows)

Educator: - Well done, guys! (Slide) What national holiday are we at now?(Children's answers) (Slide)

The holiday of Ivan Kupala is celebrated in the summer, on the night of July 6-7. Kupala rituals performed on this night are very different. This includes weaving wreaths, decorating buildings with greenery, fortune telling, dousing with water, and night festivities around the Kupala bonfire. First, they danced around the fire (this is an ancient symbol of the sun), sang songs, and then girls and boys, holding hands, jumped over the fire. Let's join you in a round dance.

Game with the Sun.

In the center of the circle is the “Sun” (a cap with the image of the sun is placed on the child’s head). The children say in chorus: “Shine, sun, brighter - Summer will be hotter, And winter will be warmer, And spring will be sweeter.” Children dance in circle dance. On the 3rd line they come closer to the “sun”, narrowing the circle, bow, on the 4th line they move away, expanding the circle. To the word “I’m burning!” - “The sun is catching up with the children.

Game “Folk Holidays” Goal: Find out the Russian folk holiday.

Watching a film about national holidays.

Educator: - Guys, it’s time for us to return home.

Ring the magic bell

Currently move us.

Educator: - Did you guys enjoy your trip to Russian folk holidays? What do you remember and find most interesting?(Children's answers)

The Russian people have long created their own customs, traditions, and holidays. They have changed over the centuries, but people's need for holidays get together, rejoice, have fun.

For our readers: folk holidays in Rus' for children with detailed description from various sources.

Svetlana Zubova
Lesson on familiarization with the environment “Folk holidays in Rus'”

senior group

prepared by the teacher of the senior group of MBDOU "Rivne kindergarten" "Rainbow" Zubova S. D.

Target: development of a value-based attitude towards native culture.

Tasks: educational – to form an idea about holidays in Rus'(Protection of the Intercession, Christmas, Maslenitsa, Forty Saints) about the customs and traditions of our people, introduce with Russian traditions holidays, history of appearance;

Developing - develop informative children's interest in the history and traditions of their people, develop children’s speech, improve coherent speech skills;

Educational - to instill love and interest in the traditions and customs of Russian people, introducing to the origins of spiritual culture.

Progress of the lesson.

Q: Guys, what country do we live in?

D.: in Russia.

Q: What do people who live in Russia call themselves?

D.: Russians, Russians.

V.: Previously, Russia was called Rus', and from this word Rus' began to be called Rus' Russian people. Our ancestors lived a long time ago - who are they?

D.: Great-grandmothers, great-grandfathers.

V.: Russian people lived by their labor: they plowed the land, sewed clothes, hats, knitted scarves, felted felt boots, made jewelry, toys from clay, carved wooden dishes, nesting dolls.

Those who did their job very well were called masters of their craft. They showed their skills at fairs, selling their products. At fairs, masters exchanged experiences.

(I suggest viewing the exhibition folk products.)

V.: Our Russian people loved Russians very much folk tales. What kind of Russians are they? Do you know folk tales?, Guys?

D.: Children name fairy tales they know.

V.: And also our people loved the holidays very much, so they composed songs, ditties, and jokes. Guys, do you love holidays?

V.: Our Russian people have always respected holidays and celebrated they were in a special way - they danced in circles, started games, baked delicious pies and treated all the guests. Today, guys, we will go on a journey with you. national holidays. Let's remember what Russians are like do you know national holidays? I will show you pictures, and you will name holiday.

Russian national holiday Intercession. What is this holiday Intercession? What time of year is this holiday.

D.: They express their versions.

V.: With the onset of cold weather, girls and women put a scarf on their heads. The ground was covered

snow - snow covering, like a blanket. This holiday so called because on this day the first snow always falls, like a white blanket covering the ground. This means that Mother Winter will come soon. IN holiday of the Intercession Russian people arranged are known in people Pokrovsky fairs. There are all sorts of goods there, apparently and invisible. Beautiful scarves, multi-colored shawls have always delighted customers. Look how beautiful the shawls are. And now we will play a game that young people played this year. holiday. The game is called "Oblupa"(Children stand in a circle and close their eyes. The driver brings the child into the circle and covers him with a shawl. Children open their eyes and guess who is hidden under the shawl. Whoever they guessed becomes the driver. The game is repeated 2-3 times)

Q. Our journey continues. (WIND HOWLING, Blizzard) What time of year are we guys in?

Q: What kind of winter clothes do you know? holidays:

D. children's answers.

On this day Jesus Christ, the Savior of the World, was born. The Night Before Christmas

January 6th is considered magical. If you make a wish, it will definitely come true. Only the desire must necessarily be good, because Jesus Christ teaches us kindness and love for all people. These days it is customary to visit parents, as well as godchildren and godparents. People exchange gifts and have conversations at a richly set table. And evenings are usually spent at home, near the nativity scene and a decorated Christmas tree, having pleasant conversations, reading fairy tales to children, telling them about how Christmas is celebrated in other countries, and, of course, drinking hot tea. Christmas folk the festivities are in many ways reminiscent of the fun at Maslenitsa. Only instead of pancakes people are treated to festive gingerbread, and instead of dancing in circles, they sing carols. CAROLS - special songs with wishes for a rich harvest, health, harmony in the family. Few people know these songs now. I suggest you remember a few carols, they will be useful to us in the future.

We sow, we sow, we sow,

Merry Christmas!

- Open the chests,

Get your heels out!

- Open the lids,

Give us fifty dollars!

- Kolyada! Kolyada!

Serve the pie.

We sow, we sow, we sow,

Happy New Year!

Happiness will be yours!

The harvest is great!

The carolers scattered oats and wheat around the house, wishing for wealth and fertility. And the owners gave gifts and treated the guests.

V.: Well done guys. What time of year is it now? And what spring holidays you know?

D.: children's answers.

V.: That’s right, Maslenitsa. End of winter. The days become long and bright, the sky becomes blue and the sun becomes bright. At this time on Folk festivals were held in Rus'. This one was called holiday - Maslenitsa. Cheerful and riotous, it lasted a whole a week: fairs, street games, performances by mummers, dances, songs. IN people No wonder it was called the wide Maslenitsa. Main treat holidays are pancakes, an ancient pagan symbol of the return of sun and warmth to people. The main participant of Maslenitsa is a large straw doll named Maslenitsa. She was dressed in a dress, a scarf was tied around her head, and her feet were shod in bast shoes. The doll was seated on a sleigh and taken up the mountain with songs. The fun continued until the evening, and at the end of all the activities they “said off Maslenitsa” - they burned an effigy depicting Maslenitsa. Maslenitsa, goodbye! Come next year! Maslenitsa, come back! Show up in the new year! Goodbye, Maslenitsa! Goodbye red! It was farewell to Maslenitsa. They made a fire of straw in the field and burned a doll with songs. The ashes were scattered across the fields in order to reap a rich harvest the following year. On Forgiveness Sunday, we went to each other to make peace and asked for forgiveness if we had offended them earlier. They talked: "Please forgive me". “God will forgive you,” they answered. Then they kissed and did not remember the insults. But even if there were no quarrels and insults, it’s all the same talked:"I'm sorry". Even when we met a stranger, we asked him for forgiveness. This is how Maslenitsa ended.

A game "Wattle"

All participants are divided into two teams and lined up in two lines opposite each other.

Participants braid "wattle fence"– hold hands through one, crosswise.

Members of the first team step towards the other team, which is standing still at that time, and They say: “We all congratulate Masha and wish her health!”. They say the second half of the sentence while walking backwards. Then the other team does the same. Then everyone lines up at the back and follows the leader, who tries to walk in such a way that everyone gets confused. As soon as the leader claps his hands, both teams take their places and begin to braid again. "wattle fence".

Usually after this they appear "extra" hands.

Game-entertainment "Stream"

Our great-grandmothers and great-grandfathers knew and loved this game, and it has come down to us almost unchanged. There is no need to be strong, agile or fast. This game is of a different kind - emotional, it creates a mood that is cheerful and cheerful. The rules are simple. The players stand one after another in pairs, usually a boy and a girl, a boy and a girl, join hands and hold them high above their heads. The clasped hands create a long corridor. The player who did not get a pair goes to "source" stream and, passing under clasped hands, looks for a mate. Holding hands, the new couple makes their way to the end of the corridor, and the one whose couple was broken goes to the beginning "stream". And passing under clasped hands, he takes with him the one he likes. So "trickle" moves - the more participants, the more fun game, especially fun to do while listening to music.

No one holiday In the old days, young people couldn't do without this game. Here you have a struggle for your beloved, and jealousy, and a test of feelings, and a magical touch on the hand of the chosen one. The game is wonderful, wise and extremely significant.

IN: We continue talking about traditions and holidays of the Russian people holiday holiday. Please look at the board (image – lark).

What is the name of this bird? (children's answers), dedicated to the lark. March 22 – "Magpies". Why Magpies? (Demonstration illustrations: warriors of the Ancient Rus') people

"larks"

Like all Russians holidays

IN:And now we will play new game, which is called "Lark".

A lark sang in the sky,

The bell rang.

Frolic in silence

I hid the song in the grass.

The one who finds the song

It will be fun all year long.

"Lark" "lark".

V.: Guys, now tell me why this the holiday is called"Magpie-Lark"? What does the lark symbolize? What did housewives bake in honor of this? holiday? What traditions do people observe on this day? holiday? What did you learn from the legend I told you?

Svetlana Klimova
Educational activities for children of the preparatory group “Folk holidays in Rus'”

Summary of GCD in preparatory group.

Performed: teacher Klimova S.S.

« Folk holidays in Rus'»

Conversation with children about Russians folk holidays(using multimedia).

Target: Create a motivational situation for the formation of ideas children about the values ​​of folk culture.

Educational objectives: to interest children, what holidays are there in Rus'?(Christmas, Christmas fortune-telling, Kolyada, Magpies, Larks, about the customs and traditions of our people, introduce Russian traditions holidays, history of appearance.

Developmental tasks: develop cognitive interest children to the history and traditions of their people, develop speech children, improve coherent speech skills.

Educational tasks: instill love and interest in Russian traditions and customs people, introducing to the origins of spiritual culture, to cultivate a desire, to give gifts to loved ones and friends.

Vocabulary work: custom, good news, carols, roe deer, Christmastide, mummers, carolers.

Material used: Russian hut where OOD is carried out, folk costumes, slides with depicting festive Christmas festivities, Kolyada, Magpies, Larks, calendar national holidays, quiet music, "Ringing of Bells", colored pencils, paper.

Methods and techniques: game moment, artistic expression, viewing slides, conversation, explanation, examination, reinforcement, encouragement, summary.

Preliminary work: learning by heart carols, poems about folk holidays, learning Russian folk games, pictures, postcards, reading fiction.

Application area: continuous educational activities with children.

Forms and methods of implementation: conversation with children about Russians folk holidays I decided to conduct it in the form of a TV show, because it helps create an atmosphere of psychological comfort and interest children, relaxed communication between children and adults.

Methods and techniques: visual method (slides national holidays, verbal method (conversation about traditions, rituals in Rus', practical method (drawing holiday cards, reception of emotional interest (interview of a child, use of sound effects (bells).

Educator: invites children to go on an unusual journey "History holidays in Rus'» . (Slide 1)

On Rus' people loved and love very much holidays. We enjoyed preparing for the arrival of our guests. Entire families went to visit, greeted with bows, greeted, and kissed those closest to them. They loved and love to treat guests heartily and tasty. They talked: “Help yourself to what God sent you”, ,

“Don’t offend the owner, try our dishes”. They sang songs and danced.

Guys, do you love holidays? (answers children)

Why? (answers children)

Which ones do you know holidays? (answers children)

Educator: Well done, I was sure that you knew a lot holidays, which have been known since the time of our ancestors. Who are the ancestors? (answers children) I agree with you, but can I tell you a little more about them. Our ancestors are Russian people, they always revered holidays, that's just celebrated them a little differently, not like us modern people. Everything in the old days festive the days began with a solemn service in the church, and continued on the lawns, on the streets, in the fields. To the music folk instruments: balalaikas, accordions led round dances, sang, danced, started games. Both with the calendar and with human life are connected folk customs, as well as church sacraments, rituals and holidays. On Rus' the calendar was called a monthly calendar. The month covered the entire year of peasant life, "describing" by day month after month, where each day had its own holidays or weekdays, customs and superstitions, traditions and rituals, natural signs and phenomena. (Slide 2) People dressed up in their best festive clothes(shows illustrations, prepared in a special way holiday treat. The beggars were given gifts, the poor were given free food, they could hear everywhere festive ringing of bells. Listen to the ringing of the bells. (Recording of bells ringing). (Slide 3) Guys, I also prepared bells for you (the children come up to the tables, take the bells, I suggest they perform their own bell ringing. You see, the work of a bell ringer is unusual and required a lot of skill and ear for music. What do you think? holiday depicted in these illustrations? (Answers children) . On the threshold of a large Christian holiday - Christmas. (Slide 4) One of the most famous and beloved holidays. Why this that's what the holiday is called? (Answers children) .

Listen to my story.

(The lights are turned off, the candles are lit, quiet music sounds. The teacher sits at the table on which the candle is burning. The children sit next to each other in a semicircle.) Educator holiday

holiday of believers in Christ

Reading a poem "Christmas" G. Longfellow.

There is a Christmas haze all around.

Bells ring in the darkness,

And get along with them

The words sound:

“Peace on earth and happiness to all!”.

I felt like on this day

Life of cities and villages,

Having united, the call sounds:

“Peace on earth and happiness to all!”

Guys, what do you expect from this? holiday(answers children)

Educator

Educator holiday "saint". (Slide 5)

In that the holiday was glorified animals: goat, bear, unclean force: Babu Yaga, kikimora, etc. They went home in groups, congratulations on holiday

I know you are prepared carols. Children reciting carols by heart.

Kolyada, Kolyada.

On the eve of Christmas,

Good auntie

The pie is delicious.

Don't cut, don't break,

Serve it quickly!

Little boy

Sat down on a sheaf

plays the pipe

Kolyada is amusing.

Avsen, Avsen,

Tomorrow is a new day!

Don't stand at the gate

Tomorrow is New Year!

Educator edible

(A cheerful song of the storekeepers is heard.) Educator: Hear, the mummers are coming to us, let’s meet them. Enter carolers: Bear, Goat, Gypsy sing a song. (children with character attributes on their heads).

Kolyada, Kolyada,

open the gates

Who will give you the pie?

So the barn is full of cattle,

barn with oats.

A stallion with a tail.

We sow we sow

Happy New Year.

Educator: Hello, good people. There you are treat: cheese and cookies, gingerbread, sweets. Children treat the mummers with sweets.

Educator: Let's play Russian folk game, which is called "Ivan"

This game uses a special counting system for choosing driving:

Ivan with a scythe

Don't go barefoot

And walk with shoes on,

Weave bast shoes for yourself.

If you are shod -

Wolves and foxes won't find

The bear won't find you

Come out, you'll burn!

The rest of the players call themselves various animals, some a wolf, some a bear, some a fox, some a hare, etc. "Ivan the Mower" picks up a wand or other object symbolizing "braid", and makes movements as if mowing.

"Beasts" talking with him:

- Ivan the Mower, what are you doing?

- I cut the grass.

- Why are you mowing?

- Feed the cows.

- Why cows?

- Give milk.

- Why milk?

- Make raw materials.

- Why raw materials?

- Feed the hunters.

– Why feed the hunters?

-Catch animals in the forest!

"Beasts" quickly scatter in all directions, and "Ivan the Mower" runs to look for and catch them. Having caught one of "beasts", he must guess which one it is "beast". If he guesses correctly, the person caught is eliminated from the game, and "Ivan the Mower" looking for others hiding "beasts".

Maslenitsa is one of my favorites national holidays of the Russian people, which from century to century conveys the state of the broad Russian soul, the traditions and customs of Russians. Maslenitsa is the last winter holiday, one of the most beloved and long-awaited in people's holiday, saying goodbye to snow and frost and welcoming spring. Oil Week does not have a strictly defined period celebrations and falls either at the end of February or at the beginning of March.

Maslenitsa on Rus' was called honest, wide and cheerful. And we always looked forward to its arrival.

Oil Week is full of customs and traditions! And they are different for every day.

(Slide 8,9). Would you like to learn about another old Russian holiday, about the treat that was being prepared this holiday. Please look at the slide (image – lark) . What is the name of this bird? (answers children) . But this is not just a bird - it is a memory of fallen soldiers. In March there is Christian folk holiday, dedicated to the lark.

March 22 – "Magpies". Why Magpies? (Demonstration illustrations: warriors of the Ancient Rus')

The teacher tells the children Russian folk epic. A very, very long time ago, one of the military leaders ordered a detachment of 40 brave warriors to sacrifice one of them to the gods. The warriors refused to do this and then all the warriors were killed. And I always loved my soldiers and defenders people, and people began to believe that 40 warriors of the squad did not die, but turned into larks. On this day, March 22, all fallen soldiers are remembered.

And the housewives baked special Lenten buns - "larks", with outstretched wings, as if flying, and even with tufts. Lenten treats were distributed to children. (Slide 10)

Like all Russians holidays On Soroki, children danced in circles and played games.

Guys, stand in a circle and let’s play the game “Lark.

Selected by counting "lark". He has a bell in his hand.

He enters the circle forms playing, and runs around in it. All They say:

A lark sang in the sky,

The bell rang.

Frolic in silence

I hid the song in the grass.

The one who finds the song

It will be fun all year long.

Then the players close their eyes.

"Lark" runs out of the circle and rings the bell. Then he carefully places it behind someone's back. The one who guesses who has the bell behind his back becomes "lark".

Educator: children, which one of you will remind me of which I haven’t mentioned the holiday yet(answers children) . Yes, it's Easter. Easter, the day of the Resurrection of Christ is the most important holiday of the Orthodox Church. This is where the main meaning of the Orthodox faith lies - God himself became man, died for us and, having risen, delivered people from the power of death and sin. Easter is holiday of holidays!

(Slide 11, 12)

Bottom line: Educator: our journey into the past has ended. It's time to return to the present. The music of the bells sounds (Slide 13) Guys, I want to hear your opinion about our trip. (answers children) How are you will celebrate national holidays? What kind, warm words you you will tell your loved ones? What are you like you will give gifts to friends? (answers children, let's draw a greeting card to your friends and family. To which for the holiday you will draw cards, it's at your discretion.

Yulia Voronyanskaya
Lesson in senior group"Folk holidays in Rus'"

Subject:

« Folk holidays in Rus'»

Health saving technologies:

Technologies for preserving and promoting health

Aesthetic technologies

Outdoor and sports games

Music influence technologies

Educational areas:

Social and communicative development,

Cognitive development,

Speech development,

Artistic and aesthetic development

Target:

Introducing children to traditional culture, creating conditions for the formation of interest in the traditions and customs of their native people.

Tasks:

Educational

Introduce children to traditions celebrations Day of the Intercession Holy Mother of God, Christmas, Maslenitsa, Ivan Kupala, with folk signs , rituals.

Developmental

Develop memory, thinking, recreating imagination (the ability to mentally imagine the times and living conditions of society in ancient times) Rus',interest in folk culture, the need for information.

Formation of communication skills with cultural heritage.

Educational

Upbringing moral qualities, love for native land, folk art, To folk games.

Preliminary work:

learning by heart carols, poems about folk holidays, proverbs, ditties, folk signs.

Age: preparatory children groups 5-6 years old

Materials and equipment:

candle, star, straw effigy, green blanket, calendar, gifts for carolers.

1. Organizational moment.

Educator:

Hello, dear guests. We are glad to see you as our guest.

“For the dear guest, the gates are wide open.”

Children enter (3 people each) under Russian adv. melody. Line up in a semicircle.

Educator: Guys, many guests came to us today, let’s say hello to them, like in ancient times with a bow.

2. Opening remarks.

Educator: Our ancestors loved and knew how to have fun. Russian people loved and love holidays. They loved to treat guests heartily and tasty. They talked: “Help yourself to what God sent you”, “A hut is not red in its corners, but red in its pies”,

They sang songs and danced. Do you guys love holidays? And why? Which ones do you know holidays?

Children: Yes. Holidays are magical and fun. New Year, Christmas, Easter...

Educator: Well done, you know a lot holidays, which have been known since the time of our ancestors. Who do you think the ancestors are?

Children: Ancestors are those people who lived before us.

Educator: Our ancestors are Russian people, they lived on Rus' - always revered holidays, But celebrated them differently, not like us modern people. Do you want to know how?

Children: Yes.

Educator: Then let's take you on a trip to the past. You ask how? On a magic sleigh. Sit down, let's go back in time. Go! (Music)

It's winter on ID Rus'.

3. Conversation about Christmas.

And so, guys, you and I and our guests ended up in Ancient Rus'. Russian people have always been able to work well and have fun. Many different holidays they had and they were divided into great, medium and small. Some were celebrated annually and on the same days, others - annually, but on different dates of the month. Among these holidays people highlighted the greatest and most beloved. And so that we don’t get confused in them, let’s create our own calendar of the ancients holidays.

Educator: Tell me, what time of year does our year begin now? (Winter).Right. And our ancestors began the year in winter. And the most beloved and famous winter holiday is christmas.

Why this that's what the holiday is called? (Children's answers).

(The overhead lights turn off, candles are lit, quiet music sounds. The candle is lit. .)

Educator: Christmas is religious holiday. The word Christmas itself suggests that someone was born. The birth of a child is always good news. According to biblical legend, on January 7, Jesus Christ, the Son of God, was born to the Blessed Virgin Mary in the city of Bethlehem.

The news of the birth of Jesus was carried by heavenly angels. The Star of Bethlehem appeared in the sky. Christmas - holiday of believers in Christ. This is the expectation of happiness, peace, home warmth and family harmony.

Do you know other traditions of this holiday? (children's answers)

Educator: That's right, these are gifts for relatives and friends; cards, sweets, souvenirs.

Educator: Our grandparents love this one very much holiday- Nativity. It is also called winter holidays. Christmas time comes from the word "saint". In that the holiday was glorified, praised, glorified Christ, the New Year, the future harvest. The boys and girls dressed up animals: goat, bear, unclean force: Babu Yaga, kikimora, etc. They went home in groups, congratulations on holiday, wished the best with special songs - carols.

4. Perception of folklore.

Educator:(Knock on the door. Preparatory children groups sing carols).

Educator: Carolers certainly get something edible: sweets, nuts and special ritual cookies, they were called kozuli - they were sure to be prepared in every home for this occasion. These dough figures must be eaten right there, making a wish.

Educator: So, guys, what the holiday in Rus' was celebrated in winter? What's his name celebrated?

That's how fun it is celebrated. Christmas. Let's mark winter on our calendar Christmas holiday.

Educator: What time of year comes after winter? (Spring)

5. Conversation about Maslenitsa.

Who knows which one celebrated the holiday at the end of winter and at the beginning of spring (Maslenitsa)

Maslenitsa was called broad and cheerful. (View presentation)

Maslenitsa - holiday farewell to winter and welcome to spring. Maslenitsa is so named because before Lent, Russian people ate cow’s butter, on which pancakes, pancakes, and flatbreads were fried. Damn looks like the sun. The sun is a symbol of the end of winter. Why not use them? ate: with butter, with honey. We celebrated Maslenitsa for 7 days. All days, all week people had fun, laughed, sang songs, walked, went to visit. On the last day of the week, Sunday, people asked each other for forgiveness. A scarecrow made of straw (Showing the stuffed animal) they took it out into the street and burned it - this is how they parted with everything bad, with all the troubles and difficulties. While burning the effigy, people sang songs and had fun.

Do you like to have fun?

Then let's play Russian folk game“Burn, burn clearly”

Number of players: even

Additionally: No

The players line up in pairs one after another - in a column. Players join hands and raise them up, forming "gates". The last couple passes "under the gate" and stands in front, followed by the next couple. "Burning" stands in front, 5-6 steps from the first pair, with his back to them. All participants sing or sentenced:

Burn, burn clearly

So that it doesn't go out!

Look at the sky

Birds are flying

The bells are ringing:

Ding-dong, ding-dong,

Run out quickly!

At the end of the song, two players, being in front, scatter in different directions, the rest in unison shouting:

One, two, don't be a crow,

And run like fire!

"Burning" tries to catch up with those running. If the players manage to grab each other's hands before one of them gets caught "burning", then they stand in front of the column, and "burning" catches again, i.e. "burning". And if "burning" catches one of the runners, then he stands with him, and the player left without a pair leads.

Educator: So, guys, what the holiday in Rus' was celebrated with weights? What's his name celebrated?

Educator:And we’ll mark one more on the calendar folk holiday“Maslenitsa”

Educator: It’s getting warmer and you and I get out of the sleigh into a green clearing. What time of year has come after spring? (Summer)

7. Story about holiday“Ivana Kupala”

Educator:In the summer our ancestors honored Ivan Kupala holiday. (View presentation) Kupala is the oldest sun thanksgiving holiday, ripeness of summer and green mowing. Name holiday“Ivan Kupala” comes from the words - immerse in water.

Therefore, on this day they pour water on each other, bathe in the river, make fires, sing songs, tell fortunes, and dance in circles.

8. Round dance. So you and I will join in a round dance.

Round dance "Ivana Kupala""Cabbage

Educator: So, guys, what the holiday in Rus' was celebrated in the summer? What's his name celebrated?

Educator: We continue to compile our calendar national holidays. Summer-Ivan Kupala.

Educator. After summer comes autumn.

9. A story about autumn holidays.

In autumn on Rus' celebrated the holiday Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary, October 14. This is very revered holiday in Rus'. After all, the Mother of God is considered the patroness of the Russian land, our intercessor and helper. IN people This day was considered the meeting of autumn and winter. They called this one Feast of the Intercession from the word“Cover”, because during this period the ground was covered with the first snow, like a blanket. Around these days, they began to heat the huts, the cattle were no longer driven out to pasture, all field and garden work was completed, and spinners and weavers began to work.

On Russian holiday The Intercession has long been associated with the beginning of winter and dedicated to it sayings: “On Pokrov the earth is covered with snow and covered with frost”, “On Pokrov it’s autumn before lunch, and after lunch it’s winter-winter”

On October 14, the autumn fairs of Pokrovsk began, cheerful, plentiful, bright. Here you could see everything with which the earth thanked people for their hard work. There was a brisk trade in vegetables, fruits, bread, honey and other goods. Showed off their skills craftsmen

On Pokrov, the harmonica played in the villages until the morning, and boys and girls walked along the streets in a crowd and sang cheerful, daring ditties.

10. Ditties.

Our children also sing them with pleasure. (Ditties)

Educator: So, guys, what the holiday in Rus' was celebrated in the fall? What's his name celebrated?

Educator:This is where our calendar ends. Autumn- holiday of the Intercession. And it's time for us to say goodbye. And the calendar holidays we will definitely add new ones holidays, which we will get to know further on classes. Goodbye.

Bibliography.

Knyazeva O. L., Makhaneva M. D. Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture: Program. Educational and methodological manual. –

2nd ed., revised. T add. – St. Petersburg: Childhood – Press, 2002.

Karpenko M. T. Collection of riddles. M.: Education, 2986.

Methodological development of class hours in 1st grade. Folk holidays in Rus'

Class notes for 1st grade. Topic: Holidays in Rus'

Goals: to form children’s ideas about holidays in Rus', about the customs and traditions of the Russian people; develop children's cognitive interest in the history of their people.

Progress of the lesson

I. Introduction to Russian holidays.

1. Teacher’s story “How we went on a visit.”

Russian people loved holidays. We were happy to prepare for the reception of guests.

Entire families came to visit. Guests were greeted with bows, greeted, and those closest to them were kissed. Loved to treat | guests are nourished and tasty. Therefore, the guest was always persuaded to eat, try drinks and dishes. They said: “Help yourself to what God sent you.” “The hut is not red in its corners, but red in its pies.” “Don’t offend the owner, try our dishes.” They sang songs and danced. Do you know what the Russian holiday – Svyatki – is famous for? Holiday week fell during the frosty winter season. On Christmastide, mummers went from house to house, people told fortunes and played all sorts of games. Everyone was guessing - both adults and children. People really loved this fun.

But most main feature It was Christmastide. Everyone wanted to dress up somehow especially and funny, so as not to be recognized: they turned their fur coat inside out, put on a cap or soldier's cap, glued on a beard or mustache. They dressed up as gypsies, soldiers...

And some made masks - they were called masks. Birch bark was used for masks: holes were made in it for the nose, eyes, and mouth. In addition, they had to glue on the mustache and tie up the beard. Such masks were made for more than one year. They were carefully kept until the new Christmastide.

Show illustrations or, if possible, the masks themselves.

2. Teacher’s story about Maslenitsa.

Most fun party in the old days - Maslenitsa. On Maslenitsa they say goodbye to winter and welcome spring sun. Spring overcomes winter, but we need to help it: sweep away winter with a broom, take a snow fortress where its frosts and snowstorms hide.

(Learning chants with children)

Come out people

Stand at the gate

Invoke spring

Seeing off the winter.

Spring, spring is red,

Come, spring, with joy!

All week on Maslenitsa We had fun, rode downhill, danced in circles, sang ditties and songs, baked pies and pancakes, and went to visit.

Like on Shrovetide

Pancakes were flying from the chimney.

Oh my pancakes

Buttered pancakes,

Oh, pancakes, pancakes, pancakes,

Rip my little ones apart!

A rosy pancake meant spring sunshine. And in our time, pancakes are baked on Maslenitsa. This is an old Russian custom to welcome spring.

3. Ritual “Treating pancakes.”

The teacher asks parents or school cooks in advance to bake pancakes, prepare tea and jam. By inviting children to try pancakes, the teacher encourages children to characterize them by shape, taste, method of preparation, and other external features, teaches them to eat correctly, use cutlery, etc.

Additional material for the topic “Holidays in Rus'”

In the folk calendar, February is called “section”, that is, the month that cuts off winter. And although the snow still creaks under your feet, and the frost stings your cheeks, it doesn’t frighten you. Even on the coldest days, clear skies and bright sun promise immediate warmth.

The month of Bokogrey has come,

Warm the side of the cow,

And the cow and the bull,

And to the gray old man...

Such choruses were usually shouted by village children.

At the end of February, calving began, that is, milk appeared. “Oil has spilled on the roads, take it away, winter, feet,” people said. It was at the end of February - the beginning of March that the celebration of Maslenitsa fell. Although it does not have an exact date on the calendar, this holiday is never missed. There was no family, house, yard, village or city in Rus' where they did not celebrate Maslenitsa week. She was always noisy, with unbridled fun, with mummers, with songs and games.

Maslenitsa is memorable primarily for its pancakes, and there are many types of them. In addition to pancakes, pancakes and waffles were placed on the table different forms, fried dough and any pastries you like. The flour products on the table glowed with golden heat, like little sunbeams. They felt cramped in the room. They took the tables out into the streets and immediately baked pancakes. Nearby samovars hissed, and cold kvass or warm sbiten were placed next to them. They stocked up both fish and dairy products for the holiday. They didn’t eat meat, since Maslenitsa was located on the edge of the church fast and the week was called “meat week.”

By the beginning of the holiday, the houses were thoroughly washed and scraped, the stoves were whitened, decorated with handicrafts, and special costumes were prepared.

The first day of the week was called “meetings.” In some provinces people went outside the outskirts to celebrate the holiday. In the Pskov province, children, sliding down the hills, shouted: “I’ve arrived! Maslenitsa has arrived!”

Tuesday – “flirt”. Street celebrations began. They covered their faces with funny masks and put on costumes. The appearance changed, and it seemed as if new life- cheerful, joyful.

In cities and villages they built slides and filled the slopes with water. Many young people gathered around them. The guys invited the girls to ride on sleds, and the kids rode down on bast and matting “reels.” A crowd of people was waiting for them below: snowballs were flying, sleds were overturned, and they all flew together into the snow laughing. These jokes meant something to the villagers: the higher the youth climbed the hills, the better the grain would be produced, the further the sleigh rolled, the longer the flax trees would grow, the hotter the people’s fun, the sooner the snow would melt.

The holiday was gaining momentum. From Wednesday or Thursday began " wide Maslenitsa”, to which “guests from all the volosts” were invited, the traveling sleighs were decorated with carpets, pillows in bright pillowcases were laid out on them. The horses are cleaned, their manes are combed, the harness sparkles with copper plaques, and bells ring under the arc. Dressed guests travel from village to village, and to each with their own songs. They are waiting. For the owners there was a rule: “What is in the oven, everything is on the table.” The tables are covered with clean tablecloths. Dishes with pies are placed. Everything is covered with embroidered towels. The guests enter, the feast begins with a mountain, “we thank you for the bread, for the salt, for the cabbage soup we will dance, for the porridge we will sing a song, and for the sour milk we will jump high.” Then skating again.

It is better not to show up on Maslenitsa on foot; the streets of cities and villages are given over to horsemen: men on horseback, women in sleighs.

On Friday we went out to “mother-in-law’s parties,” that is, “to my mother-in-law’s for pancakes.”

Those who got married this year had to visit native home young wife. Maslenitsa is a holiday for newlyweds. In the Vyatka province, tables were set in their houses, and guests came here to “watch the young”. In the Ryazan and Yekaterinburg provinces, viewings of young people were held on the streets. The husband was placed at the gate, the wife in front of him. At the request of those gathered, she had to bow and kiss the young man.

The last day of Maslenitsa was called “kiss day” or “ Forgiveness Sunday" There was a good custom: together with the passing winter, let go of all the grievances that had accumulated over the year. Cleanse your soul, forgive everyone and receive forgiveness for yourself. In every house, the morning began with the children asking for forgiveness from their parents, the younger ones asking for forgiveness from the elders. They kissed as a sign of complete reconciliation. Then they went to other houses, to relatives and friends, and repeated the ritual there. Even random people they met could ask for forgiveness and receive a response of heartfelt kindness. On this day, Russians became like one big family.

From young to old, everyone took part in seeing off Maslenitsa. This last day was the noisiest and most eventful. It took place differently in different places.

Traditionally, competitions in strength and agility were held: mass and one-on-one. For a one-on-one fight, a circle was cleared. The fighter entered it and called out those who wanted to measure their strength. The opponent had to be placed on both shoulder blades or thrown over himself.

Many people know about fist fights only by hearsay. But they still remember the rules: they don’t hit someone who is lying down, they don’t take anything into their hands. “Fists” was a fight, not a fight, a fight according to the rules. Her children started it. They went “street to street” or “village to village.” When one side pressed the other, the elders came to help, and then the adults stepped in. The old people ensured that the rules were followed. If you violate it, you won’t be allowed to fight again.

Horse races were held in cities and villages, and in some regions of Siberia horse and foot races competed with each other. Those who are not good at running could try their hand at climbing on a pole dug into the ground and watered with water until it froze. In front of a crowd of fans, one after another the guys tried to climb up. The loser was showered with ridicule, and the winner took the prize from the top of the pillar.

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