Types of gemstone cuts. Methods of cutting minerals Main types of cutting gemstones

The classification of precious stones in the West goes back to Ancient Greece and repeats the division into precious and semi-precious, the same gradation exists in other countries. According to modern practice, precious stones include: diamond, ruby, emerald and sapphire. Russian legislation adds alexandrite and natural, natural pearls to this list.

This division does not always correspond to the value of the mineral, for example, garnet is a relatively inexpensive stone, but its rare variety, tsavorite (tsavorite) - green garnet, can cost much more than an average quality emerald. Demand with a minimum supply will certainly determine the high cost.

The names of many minerals have existed since biblical times and may differ in different countries: for some peoples it was just a sacred stone, for others it was a stone of happiness, for others it was a stone of health, and somewhere it was named after the mining area.

Diamonds and their properties

Even among precious stones, a diamond occupies a special, royal position, and not only with its magical beauty after cutting, but also with physical data. The exact technical characteristics of this mineral could not be known to the ancient connoisseurs, but they could feel some properties in the literal sense.

The thermal conductivity coefficient of diamond is several times higher than that of metals and almost a thousand times higher than that of granite. That is, even skin can be feltthat a large diamond is very different from other minerals.

The main property that sharply distinguishes a diamond from other gemstones is its exceptional hardness. The hardness on the Mohs scale is 10 or in more understandable values \u200b\u200b- from 60 to 150 Gn / m2 (in SI), which in the usual units looks like 15 · 10 3 kgf / mm 2, that is, 6-15 tons should press on a hypothetical absolutely hard needle with a cross section of 1 mm 2 so that it leaves a mark on the diamond. This property is reflected in the Arabic name of the mineral: "almas", meaning the hardest.

Not a single mineral can leave scratches on the smooth surface of a diamond, even boiling acid or alkali cannot damage it, and it seems incredible that the hardest crystal that is resistant to almost everything can burn out as easily as a simple piece of wood, turning into carbon dioxide ... But in high heat at a temperature of 850-1000 ° C, this is exactly what will happen. When heated to 2000 ° C without the presence of oxygen, the diamond is completely converted into graphite.

The optical characteristics of a diamond have determined the types of cut and aesthetic possibilities of diamonds.

Diamond cut

The refractive index of a colorless diamond lies in the range 2.402 (red part of the spectrum) - 2.465 (violet) and the dispersion, respectively, is 0.063.

Of the precious stones, only green sapphire comes close in this indicator to diamond: 1.779 versus 2.417 (for the sodium D-line), remaining far from it. Artificial material, optical glass, super-heavy flint with its 2.186 also falls short of the royal figure.

Divers could pay attention to the fact that the sky from under the water can be seen in the form of a cone (180 о is compressed to 97 о). Conversely, light from under the water at an angle of more than 48.5 ° to the normal cannot go beyond the surface and is reflected. Jewelers know that for a diamond the limiting angle beyond which full internal reflection occurs is equal to 24 o 25 "and makes the most of this phenomenon when cutting precious stones.

The first to take a purely scientific approach to diamond cutting was Marcel Tolkovsky. In his calculations, he strove to ensure that the shape of the diamond would maximize the full internal reflection for brilliance and play of light in the facets of the crystal. So, the canonical cut appeared of 32 facets in the crown (upper part of the diamond) with a large octagonal platform in the center and 24 pavilion facets (lower part). Most diamonds over 0.05 carats are still given this 57 facet shape.

Cutting gemstones in this form is called brilliant or "perfect American". The same proportions when viewed from the side have a diamond with a Swiss (33 facets) and a simple (17 facets) cut.

Giving the stone an ideal shape, one has to go for significant losses in the mass of the diamond. It may even turn out to be meaningless if it has internal defects. There are other types of cut:

Modern varieties of diamond design emerged as a development of the approach of Marcel Tolkovsky. For gemstones weighing more than one carat, the Highlight Cut cut with 73 facets is used, there are still more complex types with 102 facets, as well as spiral cuts.

Even the most successful photo, in principle, cannot convey the play of light of such perfect diamonds.

Diamond color

In any natural diamond can detect impurities nitrogen, silicon, boron and other elements or compounds. Depending on their concentration, the properties of the crystal also change, in particular, color, transparency and luminescence.

The yellow and brown color of diamond is the most common manifestation of inclusions of foreign elements in the crystal.

Natural color, and even more so the play of shades of color, cannot be clearly and unambiguously classified, so new names arose, such as golconda - the color that diamonds mined in the vicinity of the Indian fortress Golconda had.

Diamonds can be found in a wide variety of colors:

• yellow;
• orange;
• brown;
• blue;
• green;
• pink with a tinge to purple;
• red;
• black.

Shades of, for example, brown can be expressed through familiar standards: light champagne, dark cognac, etc.

Of all the gemstones, only diamond will have a higher value without color. For colored diamonds the market law is the same as for any product - rare specimens are more expensive than ordinary ones.

Colored diamonds

Emerald - green stone

Transparent variety of deep green beryl - emerald, belongs to precious stones of the highest category, with the intensity of color in the first place when evaluating a stone. Only samples of medium and dark tones are considered emeralds, the breed of light shades is called green beryl. Emerald, by definition, should be green (the word itself is translated as a green gem).

This mineral is very rarely without extraneous inclusions. As a rule, in the depth and on the surface, it has numerous microcracks and, if they are not visible to the naked eye, then the emerald is considered defect-free - these are generally accepted rules.

The most common cuts are emerald, with steps, for a bright play of color on wide edges. Stones with an uneven color and usually translucent made in the form of a cabochon - convex polished surface. Brilliant-cut emeralds are extremely rare, they are made only for absolutely transparent crystals.

Emeralds have been highly prized since ancient times. Many legends and myths are associated with this stone. But in almost all cultures, it is somehow associated with health and life. Colombia, Zambia and Brazil are the champions in the extraction of jewelry emeralds.

Emerald stone

Rubies and sapphires

Aluminum oxide - corundum, in its exceptional hardness stands next to diamond. Chromium impurities give this mineral a red color, such its variety is rare and is called a ruby. Blue corundum with admixtures of iron or titanium - sapphires. High quality corundum, colorless or slightly colored, is called leucosapphire.

In convex polished crystals of ruby \u200b\u200bor sapphire, cabochons, star-shaped figures can appear. This the optical effect is called asterism and is explained by needle inclusions, the thickness of which is close to the wavelength of the transmitted light. In the case of sapphire and ruby, asterism appears as a six-pointed star.

The type of cut of ruby \u200b\u200band sapphire depends on the quality of the crystals. A translucent cabochon cut stone looks very good thanks to the starry twinkle. For crystals of impeccable quality, any cut is applicable, including emerald and diamond.

In Russia, sapphire and ruby \u200b\u200bused to be called blue and red yacht.

Faceted rose characterized by the absence of a platform in the upper part of the stone and a flat lower part. There are seven variants of it, depending on the number and location of the facets (Dutch, semi-Dutch, cross, Antwerp, etc.). Due to the poor play of light, it is little used.

A simple kind of faceted cut - stepped, or a ladder, - used mainly for transparent colored stones. Most (the facet has parallel edges, their steepness increases in the direction of the girdle - the rim separating the upper and lower parts of the stone). The number of facets in the lower part is usually more than in the upper one. This type of cut allows you to emphasize the inner color of the stone.

Wedge cut (wedge) is a type of stepped cut in which each facet is divided into four wedges.

Ceylon cut makes it possible to preserve the mass of the stone; for this, many small facets are applied to it. This cut is always symmetrical.

Emerald cut - stepped cutting of octagonal stones. Used to process emeralds.

Tabular cut - a simple stepped view. To increase the area (plate), the upper part of the stone is made flat. Mainly used for men's rings, especially signet rings.

Cabochon - the main type of smooth grinding. The upper part of the stone is given a convex shape, the lower part remains flat or slightly convex. In dark stones, in order to lighten them, a cavity is sometimes drilled in the lower part. This method is used to polish all star-shaped stones, opals, stones with iridescence (the effect of a cat's eye), adularia, turquoise and most of the inserts of jade, jadeite, chrysoprase.

Cutting is used in the East mongolian type... With it, the stone has two parallel planes (usually according to the cleavage of the crystal), and between them one or two rows of facets.

With the same type of grinding, stones can be given a very different shape: ball, oval, cone, antique (square or rectangle with rounded corners and gently convex sides), triangle, square (square), hexagon, baguette (elongated rectangle), trapezoid , French cut (general outline and platform are square, facets are triangular), pear, or pear-shaped drop, shuttle, or marquise (pointed ellipse), pendants (elongated-drop-shaped), briolette (fushe-shaped with intersecting facets ribbons), olive (narrow, barrel-shaped ). Many fantasy shapes are also known: heart, coat of arms, etc.


Note that no matter how correct, symmetrical shape an artificially cut gem has, no matter how shining and sparkling its carefully polished edges (facets), such a stone cannot be called a crystal, and if it is possible, then with the obligatory addition: "artificially cut".

The art of cutting does not stand still, jewelers are constantly experimenting with new types and shapes. Recently, Russian craftsmen have developed new types of cutting for quartz and topaz: "snowflake", "dawn", "bright star". The contrasting juxtaposition of polished and polished evening star cut edges creates a subtle velvety shimmer.

The modification of the classic stepped cut caused the stone to emit a mysterious pulsating glow (this type of cut is called “ pulsar»).

For transparent, translucent precious and semi-precious stones, facet cut is used. Its distinctive feature is the application of flat geometric faces on the surface of the processed stone.

In modern jewelry art, there are many types of facet (or facet) cutting. Among them: wedge. This type of cut is characterized by the maximum light reflection from the surface of the processed stone. Examples are round brilliant cut, Oval and Marquis cut. This type of cutting is used for processing diamonds, zircon, rock crystal, tourmaline, emerald, topaz and ruby.

stepped. With the help of this type of facet cut, the master achieves an emphasis on the inner beauty of the stone. An example is the "Baguette", "Emerald", "Acheron" cut. When choosing the cutting height of a stone, its color is taken into account. Light stones are made higher and dark stones smaller. With this form of cutting, emerald, beryl, hyacinth, granta, sapphire and ruby \u200b\u200bare processed.

mixed - it includes the elements of the two above. This type of cut is also called fancy. Treated stones look very impressive, but the cost and complexity of cutting, respectively, are very high.

Wedge cut

One of the varieties of step cutting of stones - wedge, in turn, is also divided into several types. There are cut forms in which the lower platform is shaped in the form of a quadrangle, and sometimes in the form of an elongated octagon. In the first case, the facet of the stone is divided into 4 wedges, and in the second - into 3. In this case, all the corner and side faces have the shape of a triangle.

In the cut shape, when the platform is quadrangular, the side faces form 4 tetrahedral pyramids with a trapezoidal base. And the bottom of the stone is obtained with the same set of combinations and has 3 angular edges. The girdle separates the top of the stone from the bottom in a ratio of 1 to 2.

Most often, only the front faces of the stone are processed with wedges, but there are also such varieties when the lower faces are also cut with wedges.

Wedge cutting is used when cutting large diamonds, rubies, emeralds, aquamarines, sapphires, rhodolites, amethysts, demontoids and other transparent stones.

Perfect cut

Tolkowski's perfect cut diamond is very often used in the USA.

Its characteristic feature is that with a girdle diameter of 100%, the width of the table - the central facet - is 53%, the height of the crown is 16.2%, while the depth of the pavilion is 43.1%.

KR-57 cut

The round cut of gemstones with 57 facets was named KR-57.

A feature of this type of cut is that 8 wedges of the top (single) extend from the platform, which touch the same number of the main faces of the crown, and complete the top of the crystal with 16 paired wedges at the girdle.

The pavilion stretched from top to bottom has 24 edges and 16 wedges, and the 8 main bevels of the pavilion are connected in a culet.

Oval cut

The oval cut is a type of wedge cut that is shaped like an oval. This type of cut is used for large crystals to be set in rings, pendants or earrings. It is the ring that is ideal for insertion, since the oval-shaped stone visually lengthens the fingers.

This elongated version of the round cut has recently become very popular in the cutting of center stones in engagement rings.

The oval type of cut appeared relatively recently - in the 60s of the last century, in contrast to the round cut, which has been known for more than three hundred years.

Pear Cut

The pear cut refers to the wedge-shaped cut. The proportions of a diamond with such a cut are equal to the proportions of a round cut. On the one hand, the crystal has a rounded end, on the other, it is narrowed. Most often, stones for jewelry in the form of earrings, pendants are cut in this way, less often the main stone in a ring is cut with a pear-shaped cut.

In fact, 32 facets are created in the upper part of the stone, and 23 in the lower part. However, the ratio between the sides can vary from 1.5 to 2. It turns out that the proportion is direct: the higher the ratio, the more elongated the stone becomes. The main task of a jeweler cutting a stone with this type of cutting is to correctly observe all proportions so that light is reflected evenly from all faces.

The girdle thickness for pear-shaped cut should not be more than 2%, but also not less than 0.7%. It turns out that there is one site, its size starts from 55% to 62%. The bottom angle is usually 40.5 to 41.5%, and the top angle is 33 to 35 degrees.

When buying jewelry with pear-shaped stones, it is worth remembering that the effect of a bow tie may occur, where blackouts will appear on the main surface of the stone. However, it is worth remembering that this is only a visible effect, in fact, the stone is pure.

"Marquis" cut

The "Marquis" cut is a kind of round brilliant cut, there is also another name for this technique - "Shuttle". The Marquis cut is the most common type of fancy gemstone cutting. The main advantage of the technique is the presence of the "game" effect, which is created due to the large number of crystal faces and their certain position relative to each other.

If we evaluate the appearance of a crystal with a "Marquis" cut, then most of all it resembles a boat, by the way, with this type of cut the gem loses a minimum amount of weight. Jewelry with such a stone looks very elegant and sophisticated, however, in spite of the apparent fragility of the product, in fact, "Marquis", on the contrary, visually enlarges the crystal. By the way, on a note to women, a ring with a gemstone cut "Shuttle" will visually make the finger longer and thinner, and the wrist more graceful.

With the "Marquis" cut, the crystal creates 32 facets in its upper part and 22 in the lower one. The site will be uniform, but the thickness of the girdle varies within rather wide limits: from 0.7 to 2.5%. It is very important to pay attention to the size of the site itself, it must be at least 55%, but not more than 62%, otherwise the proportions will not be respected. The bottom angle can vary from 40.5 to 42.5 degrees, and the top angle, respectively, is from 33 to 35 degrees. However, the most important value in this type of cut is the elongation, which must be at least 1.65.

The name of the technique is still debated, some are inclined to believe that the name "marquis" was given in honor of Louis XV, the king - the sun. This monarch had a mistress, the Marquis de Pompadour, who greatly appreciated luxury, including in jewelry. The king, who adored his favorite, ordered to make a diamond that would look like the smile of his beloved. Soon, a diamond cut using the Marquis technique appeared for the first time.

Heart cut diamonds

The heart of the Heart cut resembles a pear-shaped (drop-shaped) wedge finish, but the stone seems to split from the side of the head. The Heart Diamond has an equilateral width and length and has 57 facets.

It is when the stone is cut in the shape of a "Heart" that the skill of the cutter will be seen at a glance. The outline should be as straight as possible and the edges should be symmetrical. For this cut, do not use diamonds with a color below J, otherwise the yellowness will concentrate in the corners of the diamond. The cut form successfully hides the flaws present in the stone, presenting it in the most favorable light.

Due to the special shape that a diamond acquires after cutting, jewelry with such stones is mainly presented as a romantic gift. Most often, heart-cut diamonds are inserted into pendants, rings and earrings.

Trillion cut

The Trillion Cut (Trilliant, Triangle) is a wedge-shaped version of the triangular cut with almost the same width and length. The shape and number of facets can be changed depending on the characteristics of the stone and the skill of the cutter.

This type of cut was first used in Amsterdam in 1970. Two types of Trillion cuts are commonly used - the traditional (Straight) triangle or with the rounded edges (Curved).

Typically, this cut is used to cut crystals that will be used on the side bezels to complement the central large solitaire.

Trilliant cut

Precious stones (diamonds, sapphires, amethysts, topaz and others) after cutting "Trilliant" (trillion) acquire a special triangular shape. It is preferable that the values \u200b\u200bfor length and width are equal, but deviations within the range of 1.1 are allowed.

When cutting stones in the "Trilliant" shape, 3 girdles are obtained, the thickness of which is from 1 to 5%. In this case, the size of the site should be in the range from 60 to 70%, the lower corner - in the range from 30 to 48 degrees, and the upper one - 35-50 degrees. The number of facets and their shape may vary, but usually 24 at the top and 241 at the bottom.

The triangle cutting technique was invented in Amsterdam over 30 years ago. The variations of Trillaint are very wide. Stones can have sharp or rounded corners. This wedge cut of stones does not have strict criteria for the number of facets and their shape - it all depends on the characteristics of the stone. It is important that the gem takes the shape of a triangle.

Trillian stones are usually used as side inserts in rings with a pre-owned large gemstone. The central stones in this case are "princesses", "emeralds" or "radiants", but there are also jewelry with a central "trillian".

Cut Shield

this type of cut is the Moussaieff Red diamond (Moussaieff Red, Mussaeff Red, Red Shield or Red Shield).

This 13.9-carat red crystal was found in Brazil in the 90s by a farmer. This is the largest diamond of its color. In the end, the diamond ended up in the ownership of the William Goldberg Diamond Corporation.

Later, the diamond was cut by the new owner. In order to avoid large losses, the crystal was cut in a triangular, slightly rounded shape. After cutting (in the early 2000s), the 5.11 carat diamond was named Moussaieff Red (after the founders of the jewelry company, Alice and Sam Mussaeff).

And the shape in which the diamond was cut is called Shield cut because it resembles a convex shield. This rare cut appeared in the second half of the last century.

Princess cut diamond

The most fashionable and one of the most popular types of cut diamonds is, of course, "Princess". It is a square (or rectangular) type of diamond cut with sharp corners. This cut allows the light to play well, and all thanks to the return of white light when looking at the stone.

Princess cut diamonds are most often seen as solitaire - the only piece of jewelry on a ring, earring or pendant. The frame should protect the sharp edges of the precious stone from damage - these are the most fragile places. All 4 corners of the diamond must be well protected from chipping. When choosing jewelry, you should pay attention to the color of the diamond; stones from the color group below the seventh (J) will demonstrate a concentration of yellowness in the corners.

This cut has been developed in order to diversify the most popular - round shape. Like round cuts, Princess allows rectangular gemstones to sparkle just as brightly.

Precious stones and products with them are love, a dream and an object of admiration not only for girls and women, but also for men. They shine and sparkle, shimmering with all the colors of the rainbow, fascinate the eye with innumerable glare and facets, give the owner a unique charm and emphasize status. Diamonds, emeralds, rubies, sapphires, alexandrites, as well as a huge variety of semi-precious minerals of all possible colors, patterns and textures - in such a variety, everyone can choose a gem to their liking, to their liking and to their pocket.

However, in their natural, unprocessed form, these minerals can hardly evoke all the described feelings, because cutting plays a huge role in their beauty. Depending on the experience and skill of the jeweler, cutting can not only emphasize the purity, transparency, color and size of the mineral, its ability to refract sunlight, achieve stunning effects of a cat's eye and asterism, but also mask possible defects - small inclusions, an internal crack or turbidity. Without cutting, polishing and grinding, even a diamond - a future diamond - looks like a piece of plastic: it does not shine at all, it seems cloudy and certainly does not create a play of light and hundreds of reflections.

Depending on the type, shape and size of the mineral, fashion, style of jewelry and the wishes of the customer, they choose one of hundreds of types of cuts of precious stones - officially there are 250 of them, but each master creates new variations, and also often comes up with an absolutely new type of cut, radically different from any other.

Types and forms of cut

There are 2 main cutting methods - cabochon and facet, and the latter can be stepped or wedge, and it is also possible to combine different cutting methods on one mineral. Let's take a closer look at these options, their description, differences, application and varieties.

Cabochon - cut, in which the stone is given a rounded smooth convex shape, perfectly polished. The back of the cabochon is usually flat, but it can also be concave. If the stone is convex on both sides, then it is a double cabochon. The base or section of the stone is usually circular or oval, but there are even rectangular variations with slightly rounded corners. On some minerals (most often it is a variety of chrysoberyl), cut in this way, beautiful light reflections appear: the effect of a cat's eye - one light straight strip crossing the entire stone, or asterism - 3 such stripes intersecting in the center and forming a 6-pointed star.

Cabochon cutting is used mainly for semi-precious opaque and translucent minerals, but sometimes sapphires or rubies, which are capable of exhibiting the effect of a cat's eye and asterism, are also processed in this way. Such processing emphasizes the color of the mineral, maximizes the gloss of its surface.

Sometimes the cabochon is covered with square, less often - triangular faces of the same size. If at the same time the base of the stone is flat, then such a cut is called checkerboard, and if the general shape is a ball, then it is a bead. However, strictly speaking, these types of processing are already closer to faceting, because they assume the presence of flat edges, even if not to achieve refraction of light in the mineral and glare.

Faceted cut (from the word facet - facet) - giving the mineral a large number of faces of a certain shape, located at such angles so that the light in the stone is reflected and split into all colors of the spectrum as much as possible, creating multi-colored glare. It is this cut that is used for most gemstones, as well as for many transparent semi-precious minerals. The photo shows different types of cut diamonds.

Depending on the shape of the edges, facet cut is of 3 types, including all varieties:

1. Wedge cut- has edges in the form of triangles or rhombuses, includes the most popular types of cutting of transparent minerals:
   • Brilliant cut - most beneficially creates a play of light in a transparent stone, this is how diamonds are most often cut. The classic shape of the contour of the mineral is a circle, all other diamond cut shapes are considered fancy. The most spectacular of all is a stone with 57 facets, but for small diamonds (up to 1 carat) their number is reduced to 33 or 17. On the largest specimens, the number of facets can reach more than 200.

When cutting a diamond, first, a flat 8-angled area is formed on top, half the width of the mineral, then 8 main and 16 wedge-shaped faces of the pavilion - the lower part of the stone, which converge into a thorn. After that, a crown is formed around the platform of 8 main and 24 small triangular faces, and last of all, the "rim" is aligned between the upper third and the lower part of the diamond - the girdle.

Stones cut in this way look spectacular in absolutely any product. This cut will sparkle both colored minerals and even inexpensive transparent gems.

The main disadvantage of this type of processing is the large loss of the original weight of the nugget - up to 50% turns into dust and crumbs. This is one of the main reasons why fancy cuts of various shapes are gaining more and more popularity:

• Briolette (or drop) - the same from any side, such a stone looks spectacular in earrings or pendants, attached only to the sharp top. There are usually 84 faces, they are of the same type - either all triangular, or all diamond-shaped. This cut does not strongly refract light and creates a little glare inside the stone, but emphasizes its purity and color. Usually used for colored transparent minerals.
• A princess is a very original way of cutting diamonds (and not only) square-shaped. The number of faces ranges from 49 to 76, and the non-standard combination of wedge-shaped, triangular and trapezoidal edges in this shape creates an uncountable number of highlights concentrating in a cross from corner to corner of a square. Like the classic brilliant cut, this cut perfectly emphasizes the stone's ability to refract light and its transparency. It will also burn small defects from an inexperienced eye behind an abundance of glare. Another advantage is significantly less weight loss than brilliant cut.
• Antique cut has exactly the same number and arrangement of facets as a diamond cut, but within a square or rectangle with rounded edges. It looks very unusual and bright, creates a huge amount of colored highlights.
• Trilliant - a whole group of cuts characterized by a triangular shape and the most unexpected combination and arrangement of facets. Opens the jeweler a wide scope for creativity. The number of facets is from 19 to 71 or more, there are always a lot of highlights, and they are small and sharp, just like in a classic brilliant cut.
• Octahedron - the most primitive cut, used mainly for inexpensive transparent minerals, as well as as the starting shape of a diamond before cutting into a diamond. Has 8 identical faces - equilateral triangles and 6 vertices. Can be described as 2 tetrahedral pyramids with a common base.
• the Rose - one of the first types of cutting, now has lost its former popularity. Such a stone has a flat base, over which a "dome" of 12 or 24 triangular faces is erected.

1. Step cut - has edges in the form of trapezoids, located strictly parallel to the girdle - the "rim" of the stone. Creates significantly fewer highlights, but they are much brighter and stronger; emphasizes the perfect clarity of the stone and its color. It is used only for transparent minerals, more often for colored ones. Diamonds are cut like this very rarely, because such processing requires the highest quality of the stone, and the result does not shine as bewitchingly as a wedge cut.

• Table - the simplest step cut, just 1 step up and down from the girdle, 10 facets. One of the first types of cut.
• Baguette - a rectangle with a large number of tiers-steps.
• Emerald cut - differs in an 8-sided stone shape: a rectangle with "cut" corners. It was invented specifically for emeralds and the protection of their precious fragile corners, but has been successfully used for other stones as well. There are usually 49 faces - 2 tiers of the crown and 3 - pavilions.
• Usher - a variation of the emerald cut with a large number of steps. More edges - more highlights, so it looks impressive even on diamonds. May include 57, 65 or more faces.

1. Mixed cut combines the features of wedge and step cut.
   • Radiant Is the most popular example. This is a kind of hybrid of princess and emerald cuts, with a predominance of the former. The crown begins with a rung and continues in the same way as in a princess; the reverse side of the stone (pavilion) is cut with wedges; from the emerald also got an octagonal shape - a square with cut corners, instead of the usual square for the princess. Glare looks more orderly, as if the whole chaos of the smallest triangles is broken and delimited by several frames. This cut is more often used for colorless transparent stones.
   • Ceylon - combines a multi-tiered stepped pavilion with a wedge-shaped crown. The shape of the stone and the design of the crown resembles an antique cut.

In order to give the stone a cut, the first thing a jeweler examines it carefully and plans how many stones and what cut it would be advisable to make from this mineral. Then it is sawn into pieces with the finest diamond-coated blade, and it can take up to 4 hours to cut one small diamond. Direct cutting is carried out using special cutting tools that allow you to securely fix the stone, and then turn it at the desired angle to form the edges. This process takes another 3-4 hours for a 1 carat stone. Further, if necessary, the surface is carved - as a rule, by semi-precious opaque or translucent gems. The last stages - grinding and polishing - make the stone surface perfectly smooth and as transparent as possible. To do this, diamond dust with olive oil is applied to the ceramic base.

Any inaccurate movement or wrong decision during this whole process can lead to the fact that the stone will not concentrate light, repeatedly reflecting it with glare and spreading the spectrum, but let it pass freely like glass.

It takes years and decades of experience to carry out work so precisely, which is often visible only under a magnifying glass with 10x magnification, and each mistake leads to the rejection of the most valuable material. All this fully justifies the high cost of the work of jewelers - cutters, because it is they who turn inconspicuous natural gems into bright stones sparkling with splendor.

Not a single representative of the fair sex can do without means that emphasize her charm and attractiveness. Among them, not the last place is occupied by jewelry - jewelry and bijouterie, which provide many opportunities for the manifestation of the bright individuality of their owners. Modern jewelry made of natural stones thanks to excellent processing and an abundance of designs, they allow to bring to life any, even the most daring ideas for creating new images.

The online store of natural stones and jewelry "The World of the Beautiful" presents an extensive collection for true connoisseurs. You can buy jewelry made of natural stones from us either separately or as a set:

• Earrings with natural stones
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From time immemorial

Just think about the origin of the word "gem" and its deep meaning. Natural stones are called gemstones because their shade is a gift from nature itself. It cannot be synthesized artificially. Even the most accurate copies will still not be able to convey all the depth and saturation of color that natural natural stones have, which you can buy in our store. But beauty and indescribable brilliance and radiance are far from their only characteristics. Since ancient times, jewelry made of stones was considered not just decorative trinkets, but talismans that could cope with all kinds of problems. Modest, at first glance, turquoise is a real source of happiness, bringing prosperity and peace to every home. A passionate pomegranate can give its owner true love, help the lonely find a life partner, even strengthen the seed bond. Amethyst strengthens relationships, promotes friendship, business contacts and success, protects against bad eyes and unnecessary worries. In short, each stone has its own role, history and purpose. Now if you want buy jewelry made of semi-precious stones, you can choose them not only in appearance and your style preferences. Determine for yourself what task you would like to solve today, and the right stone will help you!

Gem shop - shop without leaving your home

Shopping with the help of the global global network is now a surprise to few. Its popularity has only grown over the years, because it is much more convenient to shop remotely, avoiding queues, crowds, bustle and noise of usual retail outlets. Therefore, if you want to buy jewelry, an online store is a great option. Take a look at our comprehensive range. We have everything: bijouterie, jewelry, which you can buy at the best prices, watches, ritual and folklore accessories - rosary, shamballa, many cute little things - bookmarks for books, makeup mirrors, hairpins, bag holders, gift sets. All these goods - jewelry, bijouterie, the online store invites you to buy on especially favorable terms.

Our prices - in the category of the most affordable, but for wholesale customers and organizers of joint purchases, the cost of products is even lower. With us, jewelry, online store, retail or wholesale - is always available!

Why is our online jewelry store so popular?

A variety of stones, including passionate garnets, modest turquoise, delicate coral, mysterious amethyst, spectacular chrysoprase, exquisite pearls and an impressive list of other equally beautiful and unusual materials, will make the study of our catalog with photos a pleasant experience for you.

Our store offers such a wide assortment that every visitor can find a product in her favorite design and performance (for example, fashionable large beads or round earrings, rings with amber ...), buy a beautiful and at the same time inexpensive jewelry for herself or loved ones. And, of course, most buyers come back to the "World of the Beautiful" for new things!

Designer jewelry made of natural stones - for connoisseurs of exclusive

If you are faced with the choice of buying handmade or factory-made jewelry, then most likely you will stop at the first option. And this is not surprising, because designer jewelry always looks spectacular and unique. In addition, the likelihood of seeing a similar kit on someone is practically zero.

Excellent quality of finishing, variety of designs, originality of products, reasonable prices - thanks to these factors, the sale of handmade jewelry and bijouterie is invariably popular.

"World of the Beautiful" offers to choose and purchase jewelry with delivery in Moscow and other regions. Explore catalogs, choose, compare - we are waiting for your orders!