Kurban Bayram meaning holiday. What kind of holiday is Kurban Bayram and how is it celebrated? Treats for the holiday Kurban Bayram

This holiday has many names: Idi Kurbon, Eid al-adha, which is translated from Arabic as “festival of the sacrifice”, but the most popular and familiar to the Russian language is Kurban Bayram. This year, one of the main holidays of all Muslims fell on August 11th. The date of the celebration is calculated according to the lunar calendar and therefore is constantly shifted. Eid al-Adha is celebrated every year on the 10th day of the Zul-hijj month (the 12th month of the Islamic calendar) and 70 days after another major holiday - Uraza-bairam.

What is the meaning of this holiday, which animals can not be sacrificed categorically, and what Muslim women do on this day - read in our material.

1. The history and meaning of the holiday

As the name implies, Kurban Bairam is a celebration of sacrifice on the occasion of the end of the Hajj (Muslim pilgrimage to sacred places in Mecca). The main purpose of the celebration is to remind all Muslims of man’s devotion to God and the mercy of Allah.

The history of the holiday refers us to the Qur'an, namely to the 37th Sura. It describes a similar biblical story about the attempt of the prophet Ibrahim (in the Bible, as we remember - Abraham) to sacrifice his son. The name of the son is not mentioned in the Qur'an, however, the legend most often mentions the eldest son Ismail. According to the parable, the angel Jabrail appeared in a dream to Ibrahim and ordered him to sacrifice his own son, for Allah is pleased. Despite the suffering, Ibrahim listened to the angel and went to the valley of Mina - to the place where Mecca is today. Ishmael wept and prayed incessantly, but did not resist the will of his father and submitted to his fate. However, as soon as Ibrahim brought in a dagger, the blade stopped cutting. Seeing how much Ibrahim was devoted to him, the Most High rewarded the old man and allowed to sacrifice a ram instead of the offspring. And soon the man had a second son - Ishaac (Isaac).

Ibrahim successfully passed the test of faith, and in memory of his sacrifice, Muslims annually perform a ritual of sacrifice. Every Muslim is obliged to make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in his life, but since this is not always possible, the canons of Islam prescribe that the main part of the ceremony be performed wherever possible. It is believed that by sacrificing on this day, a person atones for all sins before God. On the whole, the main message of Kurban Bayram can be formulated as follows: in order to approach God, one does not have to sacrifice life; the most important thing is to be virtuous, keep the commandments, and help others.

2. Preparation: ablution and prayer

On the day before the holiday (it is called Arafat Day), it is necessary to fast. Celebrate Eid al-Adha begin in the early morning. Before dawn, men take a complete ablution, put on the best clothes and go to the mosque to perform prayers. Doing this is mandatory on an empty stomach.

A festive prayer is performed in the mosque, after which a mullah or imam-khatib gives a sermon (hutbu). As a rule, it begins with the glorification of Allah and Muhammad, then the origin of the Hajj and the meaning of the ritual of sacrifice are explained to believers. Only men take part in the sermon; children can also be brought to the mosque, but this is not necessary.

When the sermon is over, Muslims usually go to the cemetery to pray for the dead. After that, you can proceed to the main part of the holiday - the slaughter of the animal.

3. Sacrifice: basic rules

The slaughter of the animal occurs immediately after the end of the holiday prayer. It is believed that if a Muslim for some reason cannot kill an animal on his own, he should at least be present when the process is completed.

In the sacrifice, there are a number of rules that must not be violated. Not only a ram, but also a camel, a cow (bull), a buffalo, a sheep or a goat can act as a victim. At the same time, only one person is allowed to slaughter a sheep and a goat, while larger animals (a camel or a bull) can be cut from one to seven people. The age of the victim is also important: a sheep should be older than six months, a goat - older than a year, a buffalo and a cow (bull) - from two years; a camel is over five years old. Only healthy cattle are chosen for slaughter: if the beast is weak, limps or has visible flaws, its meat cannot be eaten.

Since Kurban Bayram teaches kindness and compassion, it is very important for believers that the animal should be as little tormented as possible before death. Muslims try to follow the covenant of the Prophet Muhammad, which prescribed: “Allah commands good deed in everything. If it is necessary to kill, then kill with dignity, and when stabbing the animal, do it in the best way by sharpening the knife and putting the animal in a comfortable position. "

Another interesting tradition is connected with the sacrifice on Kurban Bairam. According to Islam, sacrificed animals on the day of God's judgment (Kiyamat) will help people cross the infernal abyss to paradise on the bridge. To do this, before committing the slaughter, the owner marks his animal (for example, hangs jewelry on it) in order to quickly find it on the day of judgment.

A sacrifice is considered perfect only if the clergyman read a special prayer, and the one who stabs the animal must say: “Bismillah, Allah Akbar”, which means “In the name of Allah, Allah is great!”. Only after that you can start cutting and cooking meat.

4. Festive table: how to cook and serve

Each Muslim family on Kurban Bayram sets a large festive table. The main dishes on this day, of course, are prepared from meat. By the way, you can’t store it: everything must be eaten before the end of the holiday. The meat of the sacrificial animal is divided into three parts: one is given to the poor or taken to a mosque, the second part is prepared for treating loved ones, and the owner keeps the third part. On this day, it is customary to arrange lush feasts and invite as many guests as possible: relatives, friends, neighbors. At the same time, it is not forbidden to treat representatives of other religions. It is forbidden to sell the meat of a slaughtered animal, as well as to discard its skin. Livestock bones must be interred.

As a rule, on the first day of the holiday, dishes are prepared from the insides of the animal: the liver and heart. On the second day, cook soup prepared on a broth from lamb heads and drumsticks. Also stew, roast; as a side dish use rice, vegetables and legumes. But on the third day, lamb soups, pilaf, kebab, lagman, manti, beshbarmak, chuchvara and many other traditional dishes usually appear on the table.

In addition to a variety of meat dishes, sweets are one of the favorite delicacies in the days of Eid al-Adha. They decorate tables and treat children. Most often it is pastries prepared using almonds and raisins: various oriental cookies, pies and biscuits.

5. The role of women in Kurban Bayram

While the main duty of men these days is to visit a mosque and slaughter an animal, the woman's duty is to take care of the household and prepare a festive dinner. On the eve of the holiday, Muslim women prepare a house for the arrival of guests, conduct thorough cleaning and buy gifts for loved ones. Also, the wife can help her husband gather in the mosque: it is believed that Allah will generously reward her for this. It is not necessary for a woman to perform prayer these days, although it is not forbidden.

The night on the eve of Eid al-Adha women spend, like men, in prayer. Then they should also take a bath, put on beautiful clean clothes and begin to prepare for the celebration.

For every pious Muslim, Kurban Bairam is a celebration of good deeds. These days, believers try to visit the sick, orphans, help the poor and give affection and care to everyone who needs it. Family celebrations often take place in mosques at this time, where people can enjoy refreshments. And women, as guardians of the hearth, are actively involved in such events.

How many celebrate Kurban Bayram in 2020 in Russia, when the beginning and end of the holiday in Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Chechnya, Dagestan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan: the beginning and end of the holiday, dates.

This holiday, which Muhammad still commanded to celebrate, is the second largest after Ramadan Bayram. It is also called the festival of sacrifice Eid al-Adha. The holiday symbolizes absolute, pure and sincere faith in the Almighty, unity with him and approaching him. Eid al-adha (Arabic name for the event) always occurs seventy days after Uraza Bayram.

Date Kurban Bayram 2020: when it starts and ends

Celebrate the holiday in the month of Zul-Hija on the 10th day, that is, in 2020, Kurban Bayram will begin on July 31 and will last until August 3.

How to prepare for the holiday of Eid al-Adha

Despite the fact that the holiday itself will come on July 31, 2020, they will begin to prepare for the holy event ten days before the date of Eid al-Adha. Faithful followers of the Prophet Mohammed, believers in Allah, will fast.

Women during this time will carry out a general cleaning in their homes and prepare clean, elegant clothes for the holiday.

On July 31, before dawn, Muslims will take a bath, change clothes, and go to prayer. Eating before the first prayer on a holiday should not be. After prayer, you can have breakfast in order to later return to the mosque and listen to a sermon on the history of the holiday and its meaning.

Rules and traditions on Kurban Bayram, which must be observed in 2020

Celebrate the holiday will begin with sunrise. Believers wash themselves, put on clean clothes, and go to the mosque to attend morning prayers. Then the local mullah reads a sermon, after which Muslims go to the cemetery in order to honor the memory of deceased relatives.

The final stage of the holiday is the animal sacrifice. It can be a ram, a camel, a bull or another ungulate creature. Custom permits sacrificing not only for the health of the living, but also for the repose of deceased relatives or acquaintances. As a victim, you can not choose any animal that catches your eye. For example, a ram should not exceed a year, a bull or a cow - no more than two years. As for the camel, it is allowed to choose an individual who has reached the age of five.

It is advisable that the chosen victim have excellent health, was large in size and had no physical disabilities. This means that lame, blind, and sick creatures cannot be used in the sacred rite of sacrifice.

Muslims believe that poor physical condition affects the taste of the animal. Before slaughtering a sacrifice, a believer can say a prayer in the name of Allah. Then the animal is knocked to the floor, be sure to head towards Mecca.

It is recommended that after the sacrifice is carried out, the meat of the slaughtered animal be divided into three parts: one to give to needy and poor people, the second part to be used as the basis for festive dishes, which will then be distributed to neighbors, friends and relatives, and the third part may remain at the owner's house.

The meat of a sacrificial animal is allowed to be sampled by people of other religions, but in no case should it be sold or exchanged for something. It is forbidden to use this meat at the end of Kurban Bayram.

Muslims are of the opinion that a sheep or a goat can be nailed from one person, and a camel, a cow or a bull - from seven people.

What to put on the table at Kurban Bayram 2020: traditional dishes

Muslims are hospitable people, they like to treat and delight other people, therefore it is not surprising that with the advent of Kurban Bayram, any true believer tries to invite as many people as possible to his house. They pay special attention to the poor and needy. From the meat of the sacrificial lamb it is customary to cook dishes traditional for this holiday. The more dishes prepared, the better.

On the first day, dishes from the liver and heart are cooked,
the second day you need to start with soups cooked on lamb heads and legs. They also cook roast meat or stew meat, and use beans, vegetables or rice as a side dish.
On the third and fourth day, Muslim lamb bones, fried lamb ribs and, of course, traditional manti, lagman, barbecue, pilaf, beshbarmak, chuchvara are on the tables of Muslims on the tables.
No holiday table can do without the usual sweets, homemade bread, pies, cakes and biscuits. As a favorite dessert, Muslims prefer dishes of their almonds and raisins.

How did the holiday of Kurban Bayram?

Kurban Bayram, the festival of sacrifice, appeared as evidence of the unconditional faith of a true Muslim in Allah. According to the Qur'an, centuries ago, the Almighty sent a test to the prophet Ibrahim: he had to sacrifice his own son named Ishmael. The Prophet Ibrahim, following the will of the Most High, was about to sacrifice his own child to him.

The Lord, convinced of the inviolability of his words, sent down to him an angel who had stopped the prophet’s knife. Instead of a son, Ibrahim sacrificed a ram to the Almighty. Since then, loyal followers of Islam, celebrating the great day of Kubran Bayram, also cut a lamb, calf or young camel.

Traditionally, animal meat is divided into three parts. Leaving only one third, the remaining two parts of the sacrificial animal are distributed between the community and the poor.

On this day, no one should remain hungry, and the doors of the houses of the followers of Islam are open to all guests.

Kurban Bayram is considered the main holiday of all Muslims. This is a celebration of joy and love for Allah. Muslims celebrate Kurban Bayram 70 days after another important holiday - Uraza Bayram - on the tenth day of the Zul-hij month in memory of the sacrifice of the prophet Ibrahim. In 2018, the celebration of this day falls on August 21.

How did the tradition of celebrating Kurban Bayram

According to the Qur'an, centuries ago, the Almighty sent a test to the prophet Ibrahim: he had to sacrifice his own son named Ishmael. Ibrahim appeared in the valley where Mecca is located today. His son showed obedience to his father just as the prophet himself obeyed Allah. Therefore, he did not resist, they both only prayed. Later it turned out that the Almighty only wanted to test the loyalty of Ibrahim and the firmness of his faith. The victim was not brought; Ismail survived. And Ibrahim was allowed to use for slaughtering a ram instead of his son. Since then, and began to celebrate this holiday.

When Kurban Bayram arrives, many rituals are performed that symbolize gratitude to the Almighty. In particular, on a holiday it is customary to go and meet guests, treat with delicious dishes and help people. At this time, people visit the graves of their relatives and loved ones, pray for them and give out treats.

What does Kurban Bayram mean?

The phrase "Kurban-Bayram" means "holiday of the victim." The first part of the word "Kurban" comes from Arabic ("sacrifice"), the second part is the common Turkic word Bayram ("holiday"). As a religious term, this means sacrificing an animal at a specific time with the intention of worship, in order to draw closer to Allah in heart.

How is Kurban Bayram celebrated

Muslims begin to fast ten days before the holiday. They begin to celebrate Kurban Bayram in the early morning. Believers take a bath, put on new clothes. After that, they perform the morning prayer in the mosque, which is called namaz. According to tradition, the mullah preaches, after which Muslims go to the cemetery, where they remember the dead relatives.

Of course, the culmination of the holiday becomes the sacrifice of a ram. The ritual should be performed exclusively by an adult and wealthy Muslim who has undeniable authority. Mostly sheep are sacrificed, but in some regions goats, bulls, and camels are used. It is forbidden to sacrifice a sick, damaged or weak animal. The meat is divided into three parts, one of which is left for the family, the other is given to relatives and neighbors, and the third is distributed to the poor.

Celebrate a holiday usually a few days. It is customary to cook traditional dishes from animal meat. On the first day it is a treat from the heart and liver, on the second day - a soup of lamb head and legs. On the third and fourth day, it is customary to cook soup, fried ribs or pilaf, manti, lagman or beshbarmak. Muslims also put sweets, homemade bread, cakes, pies and other sweets on the festive table.

As noted by Kurban Bayram in Bashkortostan

Firstly, the residents of Bashkortostan will rest on this day - it is declared a non-working holiday, according to

(Arabic. عيد الأضحى - Eid al-Adha) - the main Muslim holiday, is celebrated 10th Zul Hiji and lasts another three days of the 11th, 12th and 13th Zul-Hiji - tashrika days.

The Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, said:

“The greatest day is the day of sacrifice.”

Sacrifice in Islam - This is a prescribed ritual of worship of the Almighty, proving the godly fear of Muslims. This holiday teaches the understanding of human life as a divine gift, fosters the ability to do good for others in the name of Allah.

The revelation of sacrifice was sent in the second year of the hijra. The Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, on this day committed the slaughter of two animals - one from himself, and the second - from the whole ummah.

Worship on Kurban Bayram

The festival of Kurban Bayram with its rite is another opportunity for spiritual purification in worship of the Lord.

Festive nights spend in prayer, make up for missed prayers, read the Holy Quran. It is advisable to spend the night from the 9th to the 10th Zul-Hijjah in Ibadat. After midnight (until the morning) they complete a full bath, engage in personal hygiene. Those who participate in the rite of slaughter of the sacrificial animal (kurban) do not cut their hair and nails ten days before the sacrifice.

Ritual slaughter of an animal (Kurban) is performed for the sake of Allah Almighty in gratitude for His gifts. This property worship (ibad) refers to the wajib.

The ritual of sacrifice brings the mercy of Allah closer, promotes spiritual purification, brings the believers closer: two-thirds of the meat of the sacrificial animal is distributed to the poor, poor, needy and neighbors.

What animals can be eaten according to Sharia?

In islam allowed (Halal)to eat pet meat: meat of sheep and sheep, goats, a cow and a bull, a buffalo and a buffalo, a camel and a camel, a horse and a horse (insignificant condemnation of the use of horse meat), hare, and poultry meat: chicken, goose, dove, crane, ostrich. Halal locust and any fish, except the one who died a natural death.

In order for the meat of these animals and birds to become halal, it is necessary to observe slaughter rules:

the practitioner (Muslim, Christian, or Jewish) must be of sound mind;
they lay the animal on its side, give praise to the Lord, pronounce the intention of “Bismillah, Allahu Akbar” and simultaneously cut the cervical artery, esophagus and larynx (airways) with a sharp knife.

Subject to the rite of slaughter, it is permissible to eat meat of wild herbivores (gazelles, deer, wild cows, hares, etc.). In the case of hunting with firearms, it is necessary to mention the name of Almighty Allah during the shot. If the animal was only injured, the hunter must complete the ritual of slaughter using a knife.

What animals can be sacrificed?

The slaughter of the sacrificial animal in the name of the Most High was first made by Ibrahim, peace be upon him.

Our Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said:

“Kurban is the sunna of our father Ibrahim, peace be upon him” (Abu Daud)

On Eid al-Adha allowed to sacrifice ram the sheep or goat, bull, buffalo or cow, camel. Preferred Kurban - ram or sheep.

Kose must be at least a year sheep (ram) may be 6 months old if in size as one year old. One sheep, one sheep or one goat can be sacrificed by one person.

The cow or buffalo must be at least two years old a camel - not less than five. One cow, buffalo or camel can be sacrificed from one to seven people or families. One family only needs one sacrifice, which is performed by those who support the family.

The animal is recommended to buy a few days before the slaughter. Allowed if the animal has minor flawsfor example, a horn is broken, several teeth are damaged. Also, the animal can limp, most importantly, so that it can independently stand on its feet.

What animals should not be sacrificed?

Do not sacrifice wild cloven-hoofed animals (e.g., wild buffalo, goat, etc.).

In addition, the bird is not a mound (rooster, chicken, duck, etc.).

If permitted sacrificial animals - sheep, goats, cows, buffalo or camel — there is significant disadvantages:

- blindness (one or both eyes do not see);

– a sick or weakened animal;

- horns are broken (one or both to the ground);

- a problem with the ears (no more than half the ear, congenital absence of the ear);

- a problem with the tail (no more than half of the tail, congenital absence of an ear or tail);

- lameness, which does not allow you to stand up;

- a problem with the teeth (the teeth are so damaged that the animal cannot eat food);

- damaged nipples (if a goat or a sheep has one nipple dried out, and a cow or a buffalo has two nipples)

Do not sacrifice neutered animals.

Kurban Bayram - the greatest Justice and Wisdom of Allah Almighty

Kurban Bairam is an opportunity for wealthy Muslims to feed all those in need during the holiday, to receive spiritual satisfaction and to find the satisfaction of Allah Almighty. This is the greatest Justice and Wisdom of the Lord.

The Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, said:

“He who is full while his neighbor is hungry is not of us” (Khaysami, “Majmaus-Zavaid”)

Recall that Allah Almighty does not need the meat and blood of sacrificial animals. Eid al-Adha -a holiday of sacrifice, hospitality, generosity, solidarity, mutual respect, selflessness and kindness.

Bismillahi Rrahmani Rrahimi, Allahu Akbar!

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Eid al-Adha or Eid al-Adha is a Muslim festival of sacrifice on the occasion of the end of the Hajj.

What is the number of Eid al-Adha 2019

Eid al-Adha is celebrated annually exactly 70 days after the Eid Al-Adha (Eid Ramazon, or Eid al-Fitr).

Muslim religious festivals are celebrated annually on different dates from June to September. Such a large time period is explained by the fact that the Muslim calendar lasts about 354 days, which is 10 or 11 days less than a solar year. This mismatch causes date bias.

Most countries follow the date set by the Supreme Court of Saudi Arabia, and it is calculated depending on whether the moon is visible in the sky shortly before. In Tajikistan, the specific date for the celebration of Kurban Bayram depends on the decision of the Ulema Council.

The history of the holiday of Eid al-Adha

The holiday marks the end of the Hajj and is celebrated on the 10th day of the month of the Dhul-hijah in memory of the sacrifice of the prophet Ibrahim (in the Bible - Abraham). The very name in Arabic translates as "festival of the sacrifice."

In Russia, the name Kurban Bairam was fixed for the holiday, which in Turkic means the holiday of the victim.

According to the Qur'an, the angel Gabriel appeared in a dream to the elderly Ibrahim and gave him the command of Allah to sacrifice his own son. The name of the son is not mentioned in the Qur'an, however, the eldest son Ismail is almost always mentioned in the legend.

No matter how much the man felt sorry for his child, he obediently went to the Mina Valley to the place where Mecca stands today, and began preparations for the sacrifice ceremony. His son, learning that he was waiting, did not resist, but cried with fear and prayed. However, when the father brought the knife over the child, the blade did no harm to him. This turned out to be a test from Allah for the believer, and when he did not disobey, God spared the man. The sacrifice of the son was replaced by a ram, and Ibrahim was given the safe rebirth of his son - Ishaq (Isaac).

Since then, in memory of this sacrifice, Muslims have performed a ritual of sacrifice.

The arrival of the long-awaited joyful event is marked by the end of the Hajj, when pilgrims from all over the world, and these are millions of people of different nationalities, social status, ages, united by faith in the One Creator, love for Him and His messenger, flocked to the holy Kaaba in order to testify in a single impulse:

"Lyabbeikya, Allahumma, Labeyback! Lababybekya la sharikya lyakya lyabbek! Innal hamda van-ni'mata lyakya val-mulk, la sharyak lyak" ("Here I am in front of you, O Allah! Here I am in front of you! Here I am in front of you! You have no companions. Praise be to You, mercy and power belong only to You! You have no companions. ")
Performing a hajj at least once in a lifetime is the responsibility of a Muslim. For many, the dream of pilgrimage came true for the first time this year.

The meaning and significance of Eid al-Adha

The lesson taught by the Most High Ibrahim is this: a person does not need to make a human sacrifice in order to become closer to God. It is important to find the strength in oneself to shun all bad things - lies, greed, adultery and so on - and to do good deeds in life as much as possible - to pray, hold fast, give alms, and help the poor and weak.

Today, as in the time of Ibrahim, it remains invariably important not to allow for such character traits as greed, arrogance, hypocrisy, falsehood, treachery, failure to fulfill promises, unceasing pursuit of wealth, satisfaction of lust. All this makes a person weaker, he goes astray and disobeys the commandments of the Most High.

By making a sacrifice on this day, man atones for all sins before God.

Eid al-Adha 2019 traditions

Festive dastarkhan on Kurban Bayram

It is advisable for all Muslims to fast the day before the advent of Kurban Bayram. The day before Eid al-Adha is called Arafat Day. This is the most important part and culmination of the Hajj. On this day, pilgrims are in the Arafat Valley. Believers climb Mount Arafat, and on the day of the sacrifice they perform a symbolic stoning (a ritual stoning of Shaitan) and a tawaf (seven-fold round around the holy Kaaba).

Eid al-Adha begins early in the morning. Every Muslim must adhere to the following traditions:

To perform namaz.Early in the morning, men, having bathed and not having breakfast, go to the mosque. They put on clean holiday clothes. A festive prayer is made in the mosque, after which a khutba sermon is read. It usually begins with the glorification of Allah and Muhammad, then the origin of the Hajj and the meaning of the ritual of sacrifice are explained.

Make a sacrifice.On the territory of the mosque or on a specially designated site (namazgah), the mullah or imam-khatib gives a sermon (hutbu). If for some reason the believer cannot stab the animal on his own, he should at least be present nearby. The meat of the sacrificial lamb can be distributed to families in need. The skin of an animal must not be discarded. Camels or cattle can be sacrificed for seven people, and small cattle can be slaughtered for only one person, if the family budget allows.

Set the table.Each family sets a festive table that day and prepares a variety of meat dishes with spices. Numerous sweets and treats for relatives and guests are also exhibited on the table.

Give gifts.Friends and relatives need to give presents. On the first day in Tajikistan, it is customary to give sweets to neighboring children knocking on gates. In the days following the holiday, visits are usually made to relatives, friends and acquaintances.

Ram archived photo

A sacrificial animal can be a ram, a camel or a cow. The animal must be at least six months old, it must be healthy. If funds permit, then believers sacrifice one sheep or goat for each member of the family.

It is desirable that the animal is stabbed by the one who sacrifices it. Previously, a mullah or muezzin recites a special prayer for an animal sanctified and prepared for slaughter.

The victim is laid on his left side, his head to the side of Mecca and perform the ceremony. The meat is divided into three parts: one is distributed to the poor, the second is prepared for treating relatives, neighbors and friends, and the third Muslim can keep it for himself.

Usually the skins of sacrificial animals are given to the mosque. In no case can they be thrown out. The meat is cooked and eaten at a common meal, which can be attended by any Muslim, and the imam usually sits at the head of the table.