Celebrating Kurban. What kind of holiday is Kurban Bayram and what significance does it have for Muslims? Congratulations on Eid al-Adha

One of the main Islamic holidays - Kurban Bayram (Eid al-Adha) - Muslims around the world celebrate the 10th day of the 12th month of the Muslim lunar calendar - Zul Hijj. In 2019, according to the Gregorian calendar, the holiday begins on August 11.

Eid al-Adha is the final part of the Hajj, the annual Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca. Celebrate the holiday in the valley of Mina near Mecca, and it lasts three days.

During Kurban Bayram, believers sacrifice a ram or other cattle.

History

The emergence of the holiday is associated with the life and deeds of the prophet Ibrahim, in the biblical tradition known as Abraham.

The prophet, under 86, had no children until his first son, Ishmael, was born. Once in a dream, Ibrahim saw that the Almighty asked him to sacrifice his only son.

Not daring to resist the desire of Allah, he came to the valley of Mina, where the city of Mecca was later built. Here he made all the necessary preparations. Ishmael did not resist his father, also being obedient to the will of God.

At the last moment, when the prophet was ready to make a sacrifice, Allah condescended to him, saying that he had passed the test, proving his humility and devotion. The victim was replaced by a ram. So in Islam, the tradition of making a sacrifice was born.

It is because of the events that took place in those distant times that Kurban Bairam got its current name, or in another way - the festival of sacrifice.

An elderly man on the day of the Eid al-Adha holiday in the village of Itum-Kale.

The essence of the holiday

Muslim theologians interpret the essence of the festival of Eid al-Adha in different ways, but everyone agrees that the main thing in it is not the sacrifice process itself, but humility and fulfillment of the will of Allah.

The Qur'an says: “Neither their meat nor their blood will reach Allah, but your God-fearing will reach Him. So He subjugated them to you, that you may glorify Allah for taking you on the straight path, and you will please those who do good ! "

The essence of the holiday is approaching God, turning to him. The very word "kurban" in the Muslim tradition means approximation. According to tradition, in the days of Eid al-Adha, a believer should show love and mercy to his neighbors, help those in need.

One third of the meat of the sacrificial animal is given to the poor as alms.

Selling rams during the Eid al-Adha holiday

Traditions and rites

The first ten days of the month of dhul-hijj are highly esteemed and valuable for Muslims of the whole world, these days you should fast and strive to do as many good deeds as possible. Good deeds include both prayers and alms, and additional fasting.

Therefore, it is advisable to observe the fast on the first nine days of the month, especially on Arafat Day, the ninth day of the dhul-hijj month, which Muslims celebrate on August 10 in 2019. The Prophet Muhammad said that fasting on Arafat Day atones for the sins of the previous and next year.

Fasting is not allowed in Kurban Bayram.

First of all, the holy Hajj ends with the holiday of Eid al-Adha. Celebrate it after 70 days after the Islamic holiday of Uraza-Bayram.

In those countries of the world where Islam is preached, this is a mandatory day off. On the eve of this Muslim holiday, the working day is reduced by one hour.

The Hajj ends with the Eid al-Adha holiday, which is especially revered and important for any true Muslim.

Following the main tenets of Islam, every Muslim Muslim is obliged to make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in his life, the most sacred place for Islam, located on the Arabian peninsula in the Arab country of Saudi Arabia.

For whole days, Muslims stand at this sacred mountain, spending all this time in prayers.

When celebrating Kurban Bayram, Muslims should take a full bath and wear clean and festive clothing. A festive prayer is performed in the mosque, after which a sermon (hutba) is read. It usually begins with the glorification of Allah and the Prophet Muhammad, then explains the origin of the Hajj and the meaning of the rite of sacrifice.

Sacrifice

The victim may be a ram, a camel or a cow. The victim must be at least six months old, she must be healthy and have no shortcomings. If funds allow, it is advisable to sacrifice one sheep or goat per person, or a cow (camel) - from no more than seven people, but you can also sacrifice one sheep (goat) for the whole family.

The custom allows sacrifices for the dead, if they bequeathed to do so. One lamb is slaughtered from one family.

Usually the skins of sacrificial animals are given to the mosque. The meat is cooked and eaten at a common meal, which can be attended by any Muslim, at the head of the table is usually an imam.

The Prophet Muhammad called on Muslims to perform a sacrifice. He said: "On the day of the Judgment, the sacrificial animal will be on the cup of good deeds with its horns, hair and hooves. The blood shed on this day reaches its place before Allah before it reaches the earth. So cleanse your souls with it."

Celebrate the day of sacrifice, even if it does not happen in Mecca, begin in the early morning. At dawn, Muslims go to the mosque for morning prayer, but first it is advisable to perform a ritual ablution-ghusl, put on new and neat clothes, if possible anoint themselves with incense.

Before prayer, eating is not recommended. At the end of morning prayers, believers return home. Then they again go to the mosque or to a specially designated area (namazgah), where the mullah or imam-khatib gives a sermon (hutbu).

After the holiday prayer, Muslims who have the opportunity to make a sacrifice do so.

Any ordinary Muslim can pronounce a short formula over the victim: “Bismillah, Allah Akbar”, that is, “In the name of Allah, Allah is great!” Before a ram is slaughtered, it must be thrown to the ground with its head toward Mecca.

Islamic holidays for Orthodox Muslims are an integral part of their way of life, beliefs and life. They have been honored and strictly adhered to for many centuries, and they themselves, by their very nature, have not practically changed during this time, have not undergone any cardinal changes.

Material prepared on the basis of open sources.

"The word" kurban "in Arabic means" approximation "," proximity ". Performing good deeds during the holidays, we come closer to the mercy of Allah, ”explains the meaning of the word head of Dagvat Direction of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Fasting and prayer

Muslims celebrate Kurban Bairam on the 10th day of the Suhl-Hij month and celebrate four days. At the same time, preparation for Eid al-Adha begins in advance. So, 9 days before the holiday, it is advisable for every Muslim to start fasting. During fasting, as in, it is prescribed to abstain from food and water from dawn to dusk, bad words and deeds, and also to worship the Almighty more. The first days of the Zul-Hij month (in 2017, it came on August 23) are especially valuable, since Allah increases the reward for good deeds.

The day preceding Kurban Bayram is called the day of Araf. In 2017, it falls on August 31. Pilgrims located in Saudi Arabia gather in the holy valley of Arafat, where they perform the main ceremony - standing on the mountain. It is in this valley, according to Islamic tradition, that Adam and Hawa met.

“After Allah sent Adam and Havva to the earth, they could not see each other for a long time. After numerous requests for forgiveness, the Almighty had mercy on them. Having met in the valley, they spent the whole day in prayer, ”says Niyaz Hazrat Sabirov.

Believers who are not in the Hajj on the day of Araf, observe strict fasting and pray to Allah. From the morning prayer of the day of Araf, takbirs (words-exaltation of Allah) are added to the prayer, which must be said to the men aloud, and to women silently after each prayer for 5 days (in 2017 from the morning of August 31 to the evening of September 4). In addition, during the holidays, in addition to the 5-fold prayer, you need to say additional prayers, night prayers (prayer tahajud) and more often say the words of remembrance of the Almighty (La ilaha illa Allah, Allahu akbar, Alhamda lillah).

“Muslims need to spend the day of Araf with good. For the accomplishment of good deeds on this day, the reward increases many times. One hadith says that when the Prophet Muhammad was asked about fasting on the day of Araf, he said: “The sins of the one who will fast on this day will be washed away in the previous and subsequent years,” Niyaz quoted the Hazrat.

Believers read namaz in a mosque. Photo: AiF-Kazan / Ruslan Ishmukhametov

The night before Kurban Bayram must be spent in prayer. One should read the Qur'an, perform tahajud prayer, ask for forgiveness from Allah. It is believed that the prayer made before the holiday is accepted by the Almighty. The prophet has a saying: "The soul of one who spends the nights of holidays (Uraza-bairam and Kurban-bairam), counting on a reward, in worship, when the hearts of many die, will not perish on the day of judgment."

Towards morning, the men bathe, put on clean clothes and go to the mosque, pronouncing takbiras along the way. A morning prayer is performed in the mosque, then the imam reads the Qur'an and the festive sermon. 30 minutes after sunrise, a festive prayer is performed. Only after it can we begin the ritual of sacrifice.

Sacrifice rules

Every Muslim who has reached the age of majority can make a sacrifice, has a permanent place of residence (not necessary for a traveler making a hajj), has sound mind, and is wealthy.

You can sacrifice: a goat, a sheep or a sheep aged from one year (from one person). A bull or a cow from two years (up to seven people). Camel from five years (up to seven people).

Men divide the sacrificial animal into three parts. Photo: AIF-Kazan / Maria Zvereva

Women do not go to the mosque

On the day of Araf, women clean the house, buy gifts and food on the table. The night is also spent in prayer, then washed, dressed in fresh clothes and begin to prepare a festive table. At the same time, only men go to the mosque, women stay at home.

“On the day of the holiday it is customary to invite guests. In the morning, tables are set in the houses, and after cutting the carcasses of the animal, women begin to prepare dishes from sacrificial meat. Also in Kurban Bayram you need to visit the sick, orphans, give affection and care to people. On the territory of mosques, family holidays are held, where people are waiting for refreshments. A great holiday for Muslims lasts 4 days: at this time you need to go to the cemetery, pray for the souls of the deceased, visit your parents more often, ask for their blessings, ”says Niyaz Hazrat Sabirov.

Women on holiday stay home and cook. Photo: AiF / Alia Sharafutdinova

On August 11, the Muslim peoples of Russia and the former Union will celebrate one of the two most revered Islamic holidays, which is called the Feast of Sacrifice - Kurban Bayram or Eid al-Adha. By tradition, this holiday will continue for three more days - the so-called Tashrika days (this year it is August 12, 13 and 14). In many republics of the Russian Federation, this day is declared a day off, during which time believers will be able to attend holiday prayers, and then celebrate the holiday with their families and relatives.

Most of the inhabitants of our country - Muslims, and even non-Muslims know that on this day Muslims sacrifice animals. Indeed, the sacrifice is the central point of this holiday - which is reflected in its very name.

The hadith speaks of the importance of the sacrifice on this day:

“On the tenth day of dhul-hijjah (the day of the holiday) there is no more beloved act for Allah that the children of Adam can perform than the kurban. A sacrificial animal will appear on Judgment Day (as a witness) with its horns, hair and hooves. The sacrifice reaches Allah before the animal’s blood falls to the ground. Therefore, make a sacrifice with an open and pure heart. ” (Tirmizi).

People who are far from religion are sometimes outraged by this custom - that tens and hundreds of animals are slaughtered during the holidays, however, it should be noted that the slaughter of animals in Islam is very humane, so that the animal does not experience suffering.

There are many prophetic hadiths, where mercy is prescribed for animals intended for slaughter - you cannot kill an animal with a blunt knife to cause him suffering; you cannot kill one animal in front of another; even to the place of sacrifice the animal should not be dragged by force.

Moreover, the sacrifice of an animal is not only for food, it is a way to help poor people. By tradition, every family that makes a sacrifice leaves only a third of the slaughtered animal for itself - the rest of it is distributed to the poor and passed on to relatives.

Many Muslim charitable foundations, even before the holiday, organize raising money among wealthy believers to buy sacrificial animals so that they can distribute their meat to poor families during the holiday. Thus, every person, even the most needy, will be able to please himself and his loved ones with delicious treats these days.

What other rules and customs are associated with the holiday of Eid al-Adha?

The holiday of Kurban Bayram is celebrated on the 10th of the month of the dhul-hijj. In the days preceding the holiday, it is considered Sunnah to keep fast:

“The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) did not leave the four acts - fasting on the day of Ashur, fasting in the first ten days of the month of dhul-hijj, fasting three days of every month and two-parted Sunnat prayer before the morning prayer (Ahmad, Nasai).

Especially desirable is fasting on the day before the holiday, the 9th Suhl-Hijj, this is the so-called Arafat day, when pilgrims performing Hajj gather at that time in the Arafat valley near Mecca. The hadith says that fasting on this day is the atonement of the sins of the past and next year.

It is believed that on this day the Most High accepts all prayers - especially requests for forgiveness:

“There is no day on which Allah would free more of His slaves from Fire than on the day of Arafat” (Muslim).

“The best prayer is a prayer on Arafat’s day” (Tirmizi).

Starting from the time of sunset on the eve of the holiday and in the following days, it is customary to read takbir:

"Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, La ilaha illa Allahu allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar wa lilahil hamd"

"Allah is great, there is no deity but Allah, Allah is great and praise belongs to Him."

(these words are repeated three times).

The night before the holiday - or at least part of the night, it is advisable to spend in ibadat (worship). The Prophet of the Most High (peace be upon him) said the importance of this action:

“If a person is awake on the night of conversation and the night of Kurban (and leads her) in the service of the Almighty, his heart will not suffer grief when sadness befalls others.”

In the morning of the holiday, the faithful take a full bath, put on the best clothes (if possible, new ones) and go to the mosque for the holiday prayer.

If it is advisable to eat several dates before the festive prayer of Uraza-Bayram day, then before the prayer of the Eid al-Adha holiday, usually they don’t eat anything, since it is desirable that the first meal that a person eats on this day is the meat of the animal that he will sacrifice after the prayer .

After the prayer, the faithful congratulate each other on the holiday, exchanging good wishes. As greetings, you can use phrases such as “Eid Mubarak” (Blessed Feast), “TakabalyAllah minna wa minkum” (May Allah accept from you and from us).

According to the Sunnah, another way is coming back from the holiday prayer - this is done on purpose so that as many people as possible can congratulate the holiday.

On the day of Kurban Bayram, as well as on the days of other holidays, it is highly desirable to perform various good deeds - to distribute sadak to those in need, visit the graves of relatives, prepare refreshments and invite relatives and friends home, or, conversely, visit relatives and bring gifts to them.

And vice versa, it will be a great sin on this day to hold grudges against someone, quarrel and argue, do some forbidden things.

Since in many republics of our country this day is a day off, in many cities during the holiday they organize various events for adults and children - performances, competitions, hold holiday concerts and festivities.

So, a little more time will pass, and Muslims of the whole world will meet one of the two great holidays - Kurban Bayram or Eid al-Adha. Its central point is animal sacrifice, which in itself is also a manifestation of charity, since part of the meat is traditionally distributed to the needy.

The morning of the holiday begins with a special holiday prayer, after which they make a sacrifice, then the believers congratulate each other and exchange good wishes. For each family, a holiday is also an opportunity to gather as a family at the holiday table, visit relatives and friends, and remember the deceased relatives. We also congratulate all our readers on the upcoming holiday and wish them to spend this time pleasantly and with benefit.

Anna Kobulova

July 31, 2020 is the holy Muslim festival of Kurban Bayram. Kurban Bayram or the festival of sacrifice is celebrated on the last day of the Hajj, 70 days after Uraza Bayram.

The history of the holy holiday of Kurban Bayram

The history of the holiday takes its roots from the Koran, when the angel Jabrail in a dream visited the prophet Ibrahim and transmitted the command of Allah to sacrifice his son. When everything was ready for the sacrifice, Allah rewarded Ibrahim - his knife was dull and could not cut. For loyalty, God replaced the sacrifice of a son with a ram.

How is Kurban Bayram celebrated

The day of the faithful Muslim begins with a ritual bath. Having dressed in clean holiday clothes, you need to read takbir.

Takbir on Kurban Bayram

Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar la ilaha illa Llahu wa-Llahu akbar, Allahu akbar wa-li-Llahi l-h'amd. Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar. Allahu akbar kabiran va-lhamdam-li-Llahi kasyyran va-subhyana-Llahi bukratan va-asila.

Kurban Bayram: traditions, rules among Muslims

Next, you should perform the morning prayer, on the way to the temple, glorifying Allah. Before this, you should not eat food.
After morning prayers, Muslims go home or gather in large groups in order to celebrate this great holiday. In a good mood, praising Allah, believers should return to the mosques, or, as in the case, for example, with Moscow, where those who wish do not fit in there, take to the streets of the city.

Next, a festive prayer and a sermon on the greatness of Allah and the Prophet Muhammad are read, the history of the Hajj and the ritual of sacrifice are described in detail.
At the end of the sermon, believers go to the cemetery to remember the departed and after that the rite of sacrifice begins.

Not all animals are suitable for sacrifice - sick, thin and lame will not work. Before sacrificing an animal, it is well fed.

After the sacrifice on Kurban Bayram took place, Muslims slaughter the carcass in a special way and distribute treats.

Feed both the one who is ashamed to ask and the one who asks without hiding.

No one is left without a present on this Muslim holiday: the poor and all those in need of alms receive sacrificial meat, and the best piece will be on the table and will be divided between the closest and friends.

When do Muslims celebrate - Kurban Bayram 2020?

By tradition, the holy Muslim holiday of Kurban Bayram is celebrated annually in all countries of the world. The official holiday date falls on the 10th day of the 12th month of the Zul Hijjah (Muslim lunar calendar). In 2020, Kurban Bayram will be celebrated on July 31. According to the rules, the celebration of this Muslim holiday lasts 3-4 days.

Congratulations to Kurban Bayram

May the morning prayer fill your soul with sunny kindness and bright light on the great holiday of Kurban Bayram. Always keep peace and love in your heart, and may your generosity be rewarded with health, success and prosperity! On the great holiday of Kurban Bayram, I know that it is already pleasant for you to feel dizzy, but I know my congratulations will reach your very heart! I sincerely wish you to live in peace with every kind person and to be truly happy! May there be enough treats on this table and always at your table, but in your heart - love for your neighbors, nevertheless evil and superfluous, may this day forever recede into the past! With the dawn that day comes a holiday, Kurban Bayram. Time to be merciful and generous, to share with those in need and not allow yourself to be sad ... However, it would be nice to maintain these qualities all year round! I congratulate you, I wish you peace of mind, strong personal happiness and all kinds of prosperity! Kurban Bayram came happy.
We wish you joy, love.
Allah saved the son of Ibrahim,
So be merciful to you!
Let unearthly moments await
Eyes shine like a diamond.
Let the golden rivers flow
Allah will hear your prayer! Reach out to people
Understanding this day.
Let the winds go away, ailments
And in the shower lilac blooms.
May happy moments
Bring Kurban Bayram,
And a miracle will happen in life,
Quran performed! Three days will be a holiday in honor of the completion of the Hajj, in memory of the great sacrifice ... Three days, meet three sunrises and each time, as expected, think that life is a great gift and test, on which the life of the soul depends! I believe that yours is pure and that these days you will be a model of decency! And I wish you to always remain the same amazing person! With Kurban Bayram! At Kurban Bayram, I want to present you not only with congratulations and best wishes from the bottom of my heart, but also say a few words about what seems to me very important. You can’t only take in the world, it requires sacrifices from us, large and small ... And believing that everything is no coincidence, we should not be stingy to bring them and then our life will be lit up with a special light of fair balance and everything that has been given will come back handsomely! The great holiday of Islam came, Kurban Bayram came. At this blessed time, the followers of Islam, gathering in Mecca, ask the Almighty for forgiveness. So let your heart be filled with joy, love for others, mercy! Health to you, all the best! Many people are united today by a glorious holiday - Kurban Bayram! Everyone celebrates it, according to their capabilities, but for all there is one faith that burns on this day with righteous fire and a desire to turn their lives in a better, righteous and auspicious direction! May all your hopes come true, and every moment of your life be as precious as a diamond! I wish you blissful joy
And the pleasures of paradise
Reach the top of the perfect
Islamic development.
Let it be destined to come true
To all sincere words.
Today Allah opened a window to us
In Kurban Bayram! Gum fun here and there
After all, Kurban Bayram has arrived!
May Allah send you joy
And merits on business! May it be rewarded on business
In celebration - Kurban Bayram.
Genuine kindness
Fulfillment of dreams.
Let luck be with you
Inspires with a fresh look
And sends you health
Allah himself is a year in advance! Kurban Bayram comes in the door!
Meet him with a bow
Believe in everything good
Think green
And the world will be bright now
Consecrated Byram!

This holiday and the sacrifice performed during it, as well as the obligatory Zakat tax and holiday prayers, became part of the Muslim religious practice in the 2nd year of the hijra.

Ayatas from the Qur'an about Kurban Bayram:

“Allah (God, the Lord) made the Kaaba, the Holy House, a support for people [support in acquiring earthly and eternal blessings]. As well as the holy months [Zul-ka'da, Zul-hija, al-Muharram and Rajab], and the sacrificial animal [whose meat is distributed to the poor and poor during the pilgrimage], and decorations [with which people marked these animals to distinguish them from ordinary]. [The Lord has laid the blessing in all this.] This is for you to understand: God knows everything that is in heaven and everything that is on Earth. He is well versed in all things ”();

“We [the Lord of the Worlds] made a sacrificial animal (a camel and a camel) [as well as a bull and a cow, each of which is slaughtered from seven people, unlike sheep and sheep, which are only from one] rite, it is good for you [worldly and eternal]. Mention him the name of God [in the slaughter]. [If you are doing this process on camels] leave them standing on their feet [preferably on three legs]. And when [after the release of the main part of the blood] they fall [when it is obvious that the animal has let out a soul, you can start butchering the carcass], and eat both the meat yourself and feed the poor, who will not ask [being satisfied with the small one], as well as asking . Understand that We subdued them [livestock, and all animals] to serve you [for example, the same camels, despite their strength and power, are humble during their deadly process], be grateful [for this to the Creator who laid down certain laws and laws in nature] ”();

“Pray to the Lord [by making a holiday prayer] and sacrifice [the animal]” ().

Some Hadiths on Kurban Bayram:

“The best thing before the Almighty deed on the days of the festival of sacrifice is the bloodletting of the sacrificial animal. Truly, this animal will come with its horns, hooves and hair on Judgment Day [a living witness to the perfect rite]. And his blood will be exalted before the Lord even before its drops have time to fall to the ground. May your souls be calm ”;

“The Messenger of the Lord sacrificed two horned sheep. His feet rested against his side. Saying "Bismil-Poles, Allahu Akbar," he sacrificed them with his hand. "

Exaltation of the Most High during the holidays

During the festival of Eid al-Adha, it is desirable (sunnah) to glorify and praise the Almighty during all four holidays after each obligatory prayer, especially if the believers perform the next obligatory prayer together.

“Mention Allah (God, the Lord) on certain (established) days [on the days of the holiday of Kurban Bairam: 10, 11, 12 and 13 of the month of Zul-hijah. Pay special attention to this deed (praise of the Creator after obligatory prayers, prayers, and not only)] ”(see).

The first prayer, after which takbirs are recited, is the morning prayer (Fajr) of the ninth day of the Zul-hiji month, that is, until the twenty-third prayer, that is, the afternoon (‘Asr) prayer of the fourth holiday. The exaltation of the Lord before the festive prayer (on the way to the mosque or while waiting for the prayer already in the mosque) is desirable both on the Eid al-Adha holiday and in Uraza-bairam. The most common form of praise is:

Transliteration:

"Allahu akbar, allahu akbar, lya ilyahe ilyal-lah, val-lahu akbar, allahu akbar, va lil-lahil-hamd.

اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ . اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ . لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ .و اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ . اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ . وَ لِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ.

Transfer:

“Allah (God, Lord) above all, Allah above all; there is no god but Him. Allah is above all, Allah is above all, and only to Him is true praise. "

Answers to questions about Kurban Bayram

How to celebrate this holiday?

This day is usually a day off. People try to invite guests and visit relatives and relatives.

By the way, the word "Kurban" in the Muslim tradition (as in the Jewish one) refers to everything that brings a person closer to God. This holiday is a ritual slaughter of an animal, implying a spiritual appeal to the Creator.

What is this tradition connected with?

It is directly related to the event that happened to the prophet Abraham. By divine revelation, he was ordered to sacrifice his son Ishmael (Ishmael), who was born to Abraham to a very old age (at 86 years old) and was a miracle by earthly standards: with such elderly parents, children are usually not born. Despite all the love for the child, his holiness and long-awaited support in his old age, Abraham, discussing God's command with his son, who obediently agreed with him, came to the appointed place. When everything was ready, a voice came: “Truly, this is an obvious test! [You have successfully overcome it]. " The sacrifice of the son was replaced by a sacrificial animal, and Abraham was given the safe birth of his second son - Ishaac (Isaac).

What is the humanistic meaning?

By this, the Almighty showed: in order to become closer to God, human sacrifice is not required. And the animal world is in the humble service of people, which implies its intended use, and custody, and environmental protection.

What rituals need to be done?

From one family (from one family budget) to kill one lamb. Time: immediately after the holiday prayer and before sunset on the third day (according to the Shafiite theologians - on the fourth day). The best is the first day.

How many days does this holiday last?

Four days.

What is the believer's duty on this holiday?

It is to find in one’s essence (spacious, sometimes dark and impenetrable) a treasure called “piety”, which means avoiding a clearly forbidden (alcohol, adultery, lying, slander) and fulfill the obligatory measure of strength and ability (constancy in good , help to the weak; prayer, fasting, zakat). If we find it in ourselves, this treasure will seriously enrich us, help us to live harmoniously and happily, especially in times of upheaval and adversity.

The Qur'an says:

“[Understand!] All meat of the sacrificial animal and its blood will never reach Allah (God), but the piety coming from you [and therefore the state of mind, attitude, and not the meat that you yourself and eat it.] In a similar way [as you see it with your own eyes] it [the animal intended for slaughter] is subordinate to you [calmly and humbly before what is happening, and as usual it is a source of meat for you]. And this [including] so that you [at times stopping in your never-ending worries or becoming more active during periods of indifference, laziness and doing nothing, look around, breathe deeply] and exalt the Creator for the right path along which He provided you with the opportunity go.

[In this fleeting stream of life, steadily bringing you closer to death] please noble [who is such in their deeds and actions. Good news to them about the happiness of the secular and heavenly abode in eternity] ”().

The pre-holiday day is also noteworthy. What is better to do on this day?

The pre-holiday day is the day of standing on Mount Arafat. For all but the pilgrims, it is useful to fast, because the reward for fasting on this day is so great that it neutralizes the minor sins of two years.

What time is the holiday prayer celebrated?

It takes place approximately 40 minutes after sunrise.

What is the level of compulsory sacrifice of an animal?

Most of the reputable Muslim scholars, including Hanafi theologians (Abu Yusuf and Muhammad) and Shafiite theologians, said that sacrificing an animal during the festival of sacrifice is desirable (Sunna muqqada). Abu Hanifa, Zufar, and al-Hasan, among the scholars of the Hanafi madhhab, stated that it was necessary (Wajib).

By the availability of the necessary material means, Hanafi theologians mean the material condition of a person who is subject to the requirement for payment of zakat. Shafiite theologians believe that whoever has the means for himself and his family for four holidays, and besides this, he has the amount for which to buy a sacrificial animal, he acquires it and sacrifices it.

What should be the intention?

The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), when he sacrificed a ram with the name of the Creator on his lips, offering praise to Him, with the intention of approaching (kurba) to God, he said: “O Allah! This is from Muhammad and his family. ”

Is it necessary to perform the sacrifice yourself? Can anyone ask someone else about this?

It is advisable (Sunnah) to do it yourself: to pronounce the intention, say “bismil-lyah, Allahu akbar” and cut the main arteries. With a complete lack of skill and fear, the believer may ask another for this, but on the condition that he himself be present during the sacrifice. The Prophet Muhammad, when he sacrificed a ram on behalf of his daughter Fatima, asked her to be present during the ceremony: “Wait and look at your sacrificial animal. Verily, all your transgressions will be forgiven you with the fall of the first drop of his blood. ” In the case when there is no possibility to be present, the person speaks out the intention, transfers the cost of the sacrificial animal and requests that they be sacrificed on his behalf.

If a woman is committing the sacrifice, then it is desirable (sunnah) for her to ask one of the men to sacrifice the animal on her behalf.

What should be a sacrificial animal?

The opinion of theologians is unanimous in that sacrificial animals can be camels, buffalos, bulls or cows, as well as sheep, sheep and goats. Age: camels - five years or more; buffaloes, bulls and cows - two years or more; rams, sheep and goats aged one year and older.

Defects, the presence of which makes unacceptable the sacrifice of an animal: blindness in one eye or both; excessive thinness; lameness, in which the animal cannot independently reach the place of sacrifice; the absence of most of the eye, ear or tail; lack of teeth.

Defects, the presence of which is permissible: horns are absent from birth or partially broken; castration.

We know that one cow can be sacrificed by seven people or families. Is it possible to consider the deceased as one of these seven? If so, will he benefit from this?

Hanafi theologians speak of the permissibility of this. If the sacrifice is performed by the children of the deceased, the likelihood of his benefit is maximum. If this is done by friends or relatives of the deceased, who consider him the seventh, then it is also possible that the reward will be credited in his favor in eternity. Shafiite theologians consider the sacrifice on behalf of the deceased impossible, except when he asked for it in his will.

Answering a question regarding the possibility of distribution cost a sacrificial animal as alms without direct sacrifice, one of the modern theologians remarks: “The distribution of value is not welcome, since replacing the sacrifice with paying the value of the sacrificial animal can lead to the loss and oblivion of one of the Sunnahs (desired actions), which has been observed since the time of the prophet Abraham himself. However, if the sacrifice is performed on behalf of the deceased“so that the reward is credited to him, and this happens where a large number of people make a sacrifice, then the distribution of the cost of the sacrificial animal to the poor and the poor is permissible.”

Are there any time limits for the ritual of sacrifice?

The time for it comes immediately after the end of the holiday prayer, and it ends shortly before sunset on the third day. The best is the first day. The performance of this ritual is possible at any time of the day. If a believer sacrifices an animal before the earliest holiday prayer in one of the mosques in the city ends, then it is not counted as sacrificial, but equated to an ordinary animal slaughtered for meat. In a city or village where there is no mosque and holiday prayer is not performed, the time of sacrifice begins with the appearance of the morning dawn.

Should we repeat the holiday prayer and sacrifice, if in some locality they made a mistake with the day and did everything necessary a day earlier than set?

Pray and sacrifice again should not be.

Can a person make a sacrifice later if he does not have time to do it on the appointed days?

If the believer did not have time to get a ram and make a sacrifice on the allotted days for this, and he had the necessary material means, then he will not make a sacrifice, but he will be able to give out funds equal to the cost of the animal to the poor and poor, if he wants to receive the Lord's remuneration (savab ) from this charitable deed.

I heard that one who is going to sacrifice a ram should not cut his nails and hair, is that so?

It is advisable (sunnah) for a person who is about to make a sacrifice during the holidays to not cut their hair or cut their nails during the first ten days of the Suhl-hija month and before the sacrifice ritual. This is due to a certain parallel with believers who make pilgrimages these days to the sacred places of Mecca and Medina and also do not cut their nails and hair.

The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of the Creator be upon him) said: “If the month of Zul-hijjah has begun and one of you is going to make a sacrifice, let him not cut his nails and hair.” Cutting hair and nails at this time is regarded as an undesirable effect (makruh).

But, if for a person this creates certain inconveniences, for example, by the nature of his activity, then he, no doubt, can confidently shave and cut his hair. Canonically, unwantedness is nullified even when there is little need.

Is it enough to sacrifice one ram from the family?

The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) addressed the believers: “O people! Once a year, one sheep must sacrifice one ram. ” It is also reported that 'Ata ibn Yasar asked the companion of the Prophet Muhammad Abu Ayyub al-Ansari about how exactly at the time of the Messenger the sacrifice was performed on the Eid al-Adha, to which he replied: “During the time of the Prophet, a man sacrificed [on a holiday Kurban Bayram] from himself and his house (his family) of one ram. They ate the meat themselves and treated them to others. This continued until people began to brag to each other and came to the point that you can observe today. ” There are some opinions that can sacrifice one ram from each family member, however, it is considered sufficient to slaughter one ram from one financially capable family once a year. And this is done on one of the days of the festival of sacrifice (‘Iidul-adha, Kurban-bayram).

The famous Muhaddis al-Shavkiani said on this occasion: "The essence and truth in this matter is the sufficiency of one ram from a family, indicated in the Sunna, even if it consists of a hundred people or more."

If a believer made a vow before God to sacrifice a certain cow or a certain ram during the feast of the sacrifice, but before the deadline, the animal died, is the owner of the deceased animal considered a debtor to the Lord?

If the animal died its death, then its owner does not owe anything. If he himself sold it or slaughtered it for meat, he is obliged to fulfill the vow given to God by purchasing an animal of the same value and sacrificing it on one of the days of the festival of sacrifice.

What to do with the skin of a sacrificial animal?

What to do with the skin of a sacrificial animal in Moscow? Can you just leave her in the slaughterhouse? Magomed.

Selling the skin of a sacrificial animal is prohibited. The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) warned: "Whoever sells the skin of a sacrificial animal, he [the sacrificial animal] is not counted [as the sacrificial]." The skin can be handed over to someone, given, for example, to the poor, you can leave it for personal use or exchange it for another thing. If the skin is nevertheless sold, then the proceeds must be distributed as alms.

It is not permitted to pay the butcher with the skin of a sacrificial animal. Imam ‘Ali said:“ The Prophet Muhammad ordered me to distribute meat and the skin of a sacrificial animal as alms. And he ordered not to give the butcher [who sacrificed it] any part of the animal [as wages]. ”

As for the conditions of Moscow or another other city in the Russian Federation or the CIS, you can leave the skin in the slaughterhouse without pretending to receive a discount because of it, but transferring it for free.

Does the rite of passage violate the identification of the pregnancy of the sacrificial animal. What to do with the fetus?

The ritual of sacrifice is not violated. The embryo is also cut into the main arteries, but is not eaten, but buried.

How long should the meat of a sacrificial animal be used?

Initially, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) ordered to eat and distribute all the meat in three days, that is, not to leave it for long-term storage. However, he subsequently canceled this instruction: “I was ordered to eat meat for three days, but now you can eat it as you wish.”

How many parts is the meat of a sacrificial animal divided into?

The meat of the sacrificial animal is divided into three parts: one - to the poor, the second - to distribute to neighbors or treat relatives and friends, and the third remains at home for subsequent consumption. It is advisable that the distribution to the poor and the poor is at least one third of the total. Selling the meat of a sacrificial animal is strictly prohibited. If a person desires, then he can give out everything, except for a small part, which he will leave for himself and his family as a “tabarruk” (asking for blessings from the Almighty).

Is it possible to grow sheep specifically for sale on the feast of sacrifice?

The production of what is permitted (halal) and its trade are encouraged in Islam and are one of the main forms of earnings.

In our family, each member makes a significant contribution to the overall family budget, although still half of the expenses are funded by my parents. Me, my sister and her son live with our parents. Each of us has our own income, some of which we spend on family needs, as I noted above, and so on at our discretion.

Should we sacrifice one lamb from the whole family, or should each one slaughter a lamb in its own name? Tell me what to do right?

If you have three independent budgets (each has its own savings, savings), and these budgets overlap in some way, then each of them must be sacrificed on established holidays if the amount of available funds meets the criteria mentioned above.

Is it possible to give gifts on Eid al-Adha and other Islamic holidays to remind loved ones, especially those who do not observe the canons of religion, about the holiday? Ivan

Yes, of course, it is possible and necessary.

I heard that you can fast ten days before Kurban Bayram. Could you tell us more about this (according to the Hanafi madhhab)? Bekbolat, Kazakhstan.

It is possible, but nothing more. The main thing is fasting on the day of ‘Araf. For more details, see the materials “Kurban-bayram (briefly)” and “Additional days of fasting”.

What about young families who, for example, due to a lack of necessary material resources, cannot observe this ritual? How do they celebrate and meet Kurban Bayram? Zarina.

Create a cozy festive atmosphere at home, give gifts to your children and loved ones.

1. Today I was told that a lamb should be sacrificed only from one person, that is, if the wife is under the care of the husband, then the husband can bring a sacrifice for himself and for his wife. If the wife works, then she herself must buy a lamb. Is it true?

2. I live alone, just graduated from college. My family is now my parents. Do I have to sacrifice separately, as I work and can more or less provide for myself?

1. It is not true, one kurban - from one family, from one family budget.

2. According to scientists of the Hanafi madhhab, you do not need to slaughter a sacrificial animal, it will be enough if your father kills one lamb from your family, including you.

If for some reason a Muslim did not hold a post the day before the Eid al-Adha holiday, is it possible to make up for this? Maybe you need to fast on other days, after the holiday for example? A.

No, it’s not necessary, this post is not made up.

What prayer should be performed during the Eid al-Adha Shiites?

Both Shiites and Sunnis perform holiday prayers in the early morning of this day. There are no special differences in how it is performed.

My brother-in-law wants to kill a ram on Kurban for his four-year-old son. Would that be right? Alfia.

The main thing is one kurban from one family budget. If your brother-in-law wishes to perform the slaughter on behalf of his four-year-old son, then I do not see direct canonical obstacles to this.

Is it possible to bring money for Kurban to a mosque on Poklonnaya Gora (for example, to throw it in a box in the envelope with a note)? For me it is very relevant. In our city, there are big problems with the slaughter. You need to find an animal, ask a person who can do everything right. In addition, it is difficult to find Muslims who could be handed out. Maybe in a mosque they send money in an organized way to the countryside, where there are those in need? Elmira, Kursk.

If you bring it to our mosque, drop it in a box marked “Kurban” and indicate your name, patronymic at least a week before the holiday, then we will transfer this money to one of the charitable organizations that is engaged in slaughtering and distributing meat to those in need. If similar Muslim organizations exist in your city, then contact them. A culture of organized slaughter and distribution of meat to those in need, such as students, orphans, the disabled, or the elderly, is gradually emerging in Russia. In other states, this practice has been and is.

We live in Surgut. Can we send money for a sheep to Dagestan so that a sheep is slaughtered from our family and distributed to those in need? Here we do not know who to distribute, but there are many families in need at home. Aruvzat.

Yes, of course. You can do this, the main thing is to send money in advance or have an appropriate agreement so that the process of slaughtering is carried out precisely on the days of the holiday.

Is it possible to kill a bull on Kurban, which is a little less than two years old? Bilal.

Is there any benefit from the blood of a sacrificial animal slaughtered at Eid al-Adha? In our Chechnya, they smear her forehead, cheeks, and nose. Ismail.

There is no canonical justification for this action, and therefore it can only be attributed to the local tradition.

Are there rules in the Sharia that require (recommending) that the Kurban rite be performed on behalf of the Prophet Muhammad (may God bless and greet him). If not, where did this tradition come from among Russian Muslims? Sayar.

There are no norms recommending such an action in Muslim canons. When and why this tradition appeared, I do not know. I suppose this is a form of gratitude to the people of God's final messenger. But there is no need to practice such an innovation.

There is an intention to donate a lamb (to make a slaughter) in favor of the orphanage. Are there any rites or traditions for this occasion? Daulet.

There are no special rites and prayers for this case. You perform the slaughter process as usual from yourself and your family, or you assign it to the appropriate fund, after which the meat will be transferred to the orphanage.

See: al-Naisaburi M. Sahih muslim [Hadith Code of Imam Muslim]. Riyadh: al-Afkar ad-dawlia, 1998. S. 818, 819, hadith 39– (1977); al-Zuhaili V. Al-fiqh al-Islami wa adyllatuh. In 11 vol. T. 4.P. 2704; al-Shavkiani M. Neil al-authar. In 8 vol. T. 5. P. 119, hadith No. 2090 and an explanation to it; al-Kurtubi A. Talhys sahih al-imam muslim. T. 2.P. 905.

Hadith from Abu Huraira; St. x Hakima and al-Baykhaki. See: As-Suyut J. Al-Jami ‘As-Sagyr. S. 520, Hadith No. 8554.

If the sacrifice belongs to the category of obligatory, for example, a vow was made (nazr) before the Almighty that “if a certain event occurs, I will sacrifice an animal as a sacrifice”, and this happened, then the person must hand out everything, including the skin, family, friends and have-nots. See: Al-Khatib al-Shirbiniy S. Mugni al-mukhtaj. T. 6. S. 140; Muhammad ibn Suleiman A. Majma ‘al-anhur fi sharh multaka al-abkhur. T. 2.P. 519.

See: Amin M. (known as Ibn ‘Abidin). Rudd al-Mukhtar. T. 6. S. 328; al-Margynani B. al-hidaya. T. 2. Part 4. S. 409.

Hadith from ‘Ali; St. x al-Bukhari and Muslim. See: Al-Shavkiani M. Neil al-Avtar. T. 5. S. 136, 137, Hadith No. 2127; Amin M. (known as Ibn ‘Abidin). Rudd al-Mukhtar. T. 6.P. 328, 329.

See: Al-Khatib al-Shirbiniy S. Mugni al-mukhtaj. T. 6. S. 139–141.

See: Al-Shavkiani M. Neil al-Avtar. T. 5.P. 136, Hadith No. 2128.

See: Al-Margynani B. Al-Hidaya. T. 2. Part 4. S. 409; Amin M. (known as Ibn ‘Abidin). Rudd al-Mukhtar. T. 6.P. 328.

See: Al-Shavkiani M. Neil al-Avtar. T. 5.P. 136, 137, Hadith No. 2128.

See: An-Navawi, Y. Minghaj at-talibin wa ‘umda al-muftin fi al-fiqh. S. 321; al-Kardawi Yu. Fatava muqasyr. T. 1.P. 396.

Camels, buffaloes, bulls and cows are equated with seven sheep, that is, in the sacrifice of one cow, for example, no more than seven families can participate. Hanafi theologians specify: each of the participants should be a Muslim and have the intention to perform a sacrifice. Shafiite theologians are not categorical in this. See: Al-Shavkiani M. Neil al-Avtar. T. 5. S. 128; Muhammad ibn Suleiman A. Majma ‘al-anhur fi sharh multaka al-abkhur. T. 2. S. 519; al-Margynani B. al-hidaya. T. 2. Part 4. S. 404; al-Khatib al-Shirbiniy S. Mugni al-mukhtaj. T. 6. S. 130; al-Zuhaili V. Al-fiqh al-Islami wa adyllatuh. In 11 vol. T. 4.P. 2713.

Hanafi theologians admit the possibility of slaughtering a ram at the age of six months or more, but having reached the size of a one-year-old, which they have justification from the Sunnah of the Prophet. See: Az-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-Islami wa adyllatuh. In 11 vol. T. 4.P. 2723; al-Margynani B. al-hidaya. T. 2. Part 4. S. 408.

Shafiite scholars believe that goats and goats are sacrificed, starting from two years or more. See: Al-Khatib al-Shirbiniy Sh. Mugni al-mukhtaj [Enriching the needy]. In 6 t. Egypt: al-Maktaba at-tavfikiyya, [b. g.]. T. 6.P. 129.